2023年高考沖刺英語知識點：動詞和動詞詞組

高考沖刺英語學問點：動詞和動詞詞組動詞和動詞短語是歷年高考單項填空考察的核心熱點，每年必考，一般占1—2道題。設(shè)題時往往都是給出四個不同的動詞或動詞短語(有時是同一動詞與不同介詞或副詞的搭配)來測試考生在具體語境中對動考點一、考察動詞詞義辨析然后依據(jù)題意需要選用適宜的動詞。例Recently,thesecompanieshave someworkersbecauseofthedropineconomy.A.hiredB.dismissedC.refusedD.employed【解析四個選項都是及物動詞且都可以與worker構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系但從題干中的thedropin 可知，只有B項符合題意。詞的語義差異、用法特點等入手才能選出符合題意的動詞。例Whenhisbrotherwastocrossthestreet,hewasknockeddownbyatruckandbadly 。A.injuredBdamagedC.harmedD.destroyed【解析】這四個動詞都有“損害，損害”之意，但具體用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受傷”;damage主要指對于物體的不徹底的破壞，這種破壞或因自然災難所致，或因人為造成，常含可以修;destroyA?？键c三、考察動詞與其賓語的固定搭配后依據(jù)題意選擇符合固定搭配或習慣用法的動詞。例Withmodernequipment,manymysterieshave tolightinrecentyears.A.boughtB.comeC.thrownD.appearedcometolight，故答案為B。考點四、考察同根動詞短語的辨析義規(guī)律、固定搭配、前后關(guān)系等角度去確定答案。例HowIwishthatIcould myideasinsimpleandwonderfulEnglishwhenchattingonthenet.A.setoutB.setoffC.setinD.setupsetoutA。考點五、考察同根介詞或副詞的動詞短語的辨析意，然后選出符合題意和句子構(gòu)造需要的動詞短語。例WhenIwastwenty,Ihadto beforegraduationandworkinaclothesshoptohelpsupportmyfamily.A.dropoutB.comeoutC.leaveoutD.stayout【解析】分析題意為“在20歲時，我不得不輟學到一家服裝店工作以幫助養(yǎng)活我的家人?！睆念}意可A項的dropout有此意，故答案為A。例Takecareduringtheholidays!Drinkingtoomuchcan heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.A.contributetoB.relatetoC.attendtoD.devotetoAcontributetoA。考點六、考察不同動詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語的辨析出符合題意的動詞短語。例Thesocietytodayofferstheyounggenerationmorechancesto theirtalentandskills.(2023合肥質(zhì)檢)A.giveoutB.takeinC.showoffD.carryonC?！揪x試題】名校模擬題及其答案1.(2023—2023學年度高二第一學期期末六校聯(lián)考，英語，30)—Howlovelythesechildrenare!—Yeah.They memoriesofmychildhood.A.calledoutB.calledforC.calledupD.calledon【解析】callout“出動,向?叫喊”，callfor“需要，要求”，callup“召集,使想起,提出,打給”，callon“號召,呼吁,約請,訪問”。此句意思是“他們引起了我對童年的回憶?！盋。【答案】Ckids thenetbar,and hadabadeffectontheirstudies.A.areaddictedto;itB.getengagedin;whichC.arerelatedto;whatD.areaddictedto;which【解析】beaddictedto意思是“對?上癮”，符合題意。And是一個并列連詞，后面應(yīng)當是并列句，B和D。berelatedto“與?有關(guān)”，不符合題意，因此排解?！敬鸢浮緼3.(山東省莒南一中2023—2023學年度高三第一學期學業(yè)水平階段性測評，英語，21)Afterstudyinginamedicalcollegeforfiveyears,Janeherjobasadoctorinthecountryside.A.setoutB.tookoverC.tookupD.setup【解析】setout“takeover“”takeup“setup“設(shè)立”依據(jù)題C。【答案】C(江蘇省揚州中學2023-2023學年度高一其次學期3月月考，英語，34)Thoughwe naturaldisasters,wearesuretoovercomealldifficulties.A.giveawayB.affectwithC.sufferfromD.dealwithwith“處理”。從“wearesuretoovercomealldifficulties.”這句話可以推斷出前半句的意思應(yīng)當C?！敬鸢浮緾wasfiredasshewas ofcheatingcustomers.A.accusedB.chargedC.blamedD.caughtbeaccusedofaccusedofbechargedwith“被控告”chargewithblame“責備”。【答案】A6.08-09學年下期高三其次次月考，24)Askedsuddenlyaboutthematter,hecouldn’tanansweratonce.A.comeupwithB.lookforC.putupwithD.answerfor【解析】comeupwith“l(fā)ookfor“putupwith“answerfor“負責”A.【答案】A7.(吉林市一般中學2023—2023學年度高中畢業(yè)班下學期期中復習檢測，英語，18)Mydaughterisnotsurewhatto attheuniversity;shecan’tmakeuphermindaboutherfuture.A.takeupB.makeupC.pickupD.builduptakeupup;pickup;buildup【答案】A8.(杭州二中2023學年高三年級第五次月考，英語，6)Hiscolleagues himthoughhehimselfdidn’tthinkhehaddoneanythingspecial.A.thoughthighlyofB.lookeduptoC.singhighpraiseofD.showgreatrespectfor【解析】thinkhighlyofShowgreatrespectto,C說法錯誤，lookupto向上看，不合題意?！敬鸢浮緼herbeautyandyouthinrecentyears.A.wornoutB.triedoutCmadeoutD.sentout【解析】wornouttriedout;makeout展,說明,設(shè)法應(yīng)付,理解,識別出;sentout【答案】A10.(廈門市2023年高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢查，英語，23)It’sobviousthattheBeijingOlympicGamesagreatseccess.A.keptB.showedCprovedD.remainedshowsbsth出示某物給某人看;keep;proveremain【答案】CBeforethewarbrokeout,manypeople insafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem.A.throwawayB.putawayC.gaveawayD.carriedawayputaway存儲，存放;throwaway;giveaway泄露，贈送;carryaway【答案】BThecompanyisatartinganewadvertisingcampaignto newcustumerstoitsstores.A.joinB.attractC.stickD.transferAttract;transfer轉(zhuǎn)讓，轉(zhuǎn)移?！敬鸢浮緽Modernplasticscan veryhighandverylowtemperatures.A.standB.seekingC.findingD.lookingforstandhold,carrysupport支撐，養(yǎng)活?！敬鸢浮緼Itwasalreadypastmidnightandonlythreeyoungmen inthehouse.A.leftB.remainedC.delayedD.desertedleave;desert,拋棄，舍棄。A項應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，CD【答案】BInthisseasideresortyoucan allthecomfortandconvenienceofmoderntourism.(山東2023)A.enjoyB.applyC.receiveD.achieve【答案】A。【解析】這幾個動詞均可以作及物動詞，但是意思、含義不一樣。enjoy表示“.享受?之樂，賞識，applyreceiveachieveA。句意：在這個海濱消遣場，你可以享受全部現(xiàn)代旅游的舒適與便利。We thelastbusanddidn’thaveanymoneyfortaxisowehadtowalkhome.國2023Ⅰ)A.reachedB.lostC.missedD.caught【答案】C?！皼]趕上(車子等)、錯過”，catchC。17(2023年福建卷，33)Thenewsofthemayor’scomongtoourschoolforavisitwas ontheradioyesterday.A.turnedoutB.foundoutC.givenoutD.carriedout【答案】CA產(chǎn)”B”C”D18(2023年湖北卷，27)Ifwecan theneverythingshouldbeallright.A.coneacrossB.getoverC.comeoverD.getoff【答案】B【解析】句意：假設(shè)我們能抑制目前的困難，一切都會很順當?shù)?。comeacross偶遇;getover抑制，越過;comeover過來，順便來訪;getoff下車，使動身。19(2023山東)It’sthesortofworkthat ahighlevelofconcentration.A.callsforB.makesupC.liesinD.standsfor【答案】A【解析】callfor“要求”;makeup“彌補，編造，組成”;liein“在于”;standfor“代表”。句A。(2023浙江)Wefirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanything.Itonly violence.A.runsintoBesfromC.leadstoD.beginswith【答案】C【解析】runinto“撞上，陷入”;comefrom“來自于”;leadto“導致，引起”;beginwith“以??C。Theteacherhasapeculiarwayof herstudent’snervousnesswhenthenspeakEnglish.A.breakingdownB.goingoverC.takingoffD.givingaway【解析】A句意：這位教師有一種疏導學生在說英語時產(chǎn)生的緊急心情的獨特方法。Breakdown:toseparatesomethingsuchasanideaorstatementintosmallerpartsinordertomakeiteasier.goover復習;takeoff脫下，起飛;giveawayInthecross-lakeswimmingrace,aboatwillbe incaseofanemergency.A.standingbyB.turningonC.gettingonD.runningon【解析】A句意：有船只嚴陣以待，預防緊急狀況。standbytowaitandbereadyforactionifneeded預備行動;待機;turnon翻開;geton;rundownB、C、D三項均不符合。You onlyhalftheprice,howwouldthesellersellthejackettoyou?A.spentB.paidC.chargedD.offered?offer:tosaythatyouwillpayaparticularamountofmoneytobuysomethingCharge(收費)不符合題意。撫講價(offer)而后才能藥費(spend)或支付(pay)幫A、BHe theproblem inhismindforawholeweekbeforehedidanythingaboutit.A.switched;onB.kicked;upC.turned;overD.took;onturnover:tothinkaboutcarefully;switchon;kickup;takeonAttimesthebalanceinnatureis ,resultinginanumberofpossiblyunforeseeneffects.A.troubledB.confusedC.disturbedD.puzzled【解析】Ctrouble;puzzled指人是困惑的，因此將A、D兩項排解;依據(jù)句意，自然的平衡本身并不是混亂的(confused),而不受到了人為的干擾(disturbed),才會C—So,howisyournewroommate?Shereally .ShealwaysmakingloudnoisesatmidnightandwhenIremindher,shealwaysmakesruderemarks.A.turnsmeoverB.turnsmedownC.turnsmeoffD.turnsmeout【解析】Cturnsb.over:把??移交，把??交給;turnsb.down:拒絕;turnsb.off:使對(某人);turnsb.outCPeoplehave