新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)-3-Unit3-教案

PAGEPAGE4Unit3SocialProblemsI.Introductiontothetopic1.askthestudentstolistsomewordsofsocialproblemscrimes:robbery,rape,theft,bicycle-stealing,shoplifting,murder,smuggling,drugtakingandtrafficking,corruption,bribing,juveniledelinquency(少年犯罪),drunkendriving,fakeproducts,trafficking(拐賣)ofchildrenandwomen,prostitution,gambling,domesticviolenceetc.robberrobberyrobmurderermurdermurderburglarburglaryburgleshopliftingshopliftthieftheftstealsmugglersmugglingsmugglerbriber/bribeebriberybribeswindlerswindleswindleothersocialproblems:overpopulation,badworkingcondition,illiteracy,racialdiscrimination,highdivorcerate,teen-pregnancy,gambling,inflation,foodshortage,childabuse(虐待),pollution,trafficjams,extinctionofanimalspecies,unemployment,layoffs,housing,homelessness,cleanwatersupply,transportation,poverty,generationgap,beggars(childrenandadults),wideninggapbetweenrichandthepoor,graffiti（在公共場(chǎng)所，建筑物的墻上涂畫或?qū)懽郑﹍itteringetc.2.socialproblemsinChina:publicsecurity,impactontraditionalmoralstandards,overpopulation,housing,cleanwatersupply,transportation,littering,theft,robbery,murder,mugging,rape,pollution,smuggling,fakeproducts,traffickingofchildrenandwomen,bribery,corruption,graffiti,gambling,prostitution,domesticviolence,layoffs,birdflue,unificationofChinesemainlandandTaiwan,sexualharassment,gasexplosionofcoalmine,medicalbillscandal,AIDS,internetaddiction,internetsecurity,soaringmedicineprice,internetobscenity,internetswindle,childlabor,rural/migrantlaboretc.3.possiblecauses:poverty,unemployment:theft,robbery,murder,beggars,etc.highdivorcerate:juveniledelinquencylackofcommunication:mentalproblemsofvariouskinds,generationgappollution,littering:worseningenvironmenttheproblemofoldage:10%ofthepopulationareovertheageof60.Thatmayleadtoseriousconsequences.overpopulation:withtheever-increasingburdenofthepopulation,thecountrymaysufferfromshortagesoffood,energyanddeteriorationoftheenvironment.impactontraditionalmoralstandards:Materialwealthisvaluebymanyasthebottomline.Henceadegradationinethics.Peoplearemoreself-centered.Evencollegestudentshavebadmanners.Forexample,indininghallsstudentsdonotwaitinlines.Onbusestheyouthdon'tgivetheirseatstotheold.publicsecurity:Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,therehasbeenaflowofpopulationfromlesswealthyregionstothemoreprosperousareas.Asaresult,highcrimerateisaproblemthatweareallconcernedabout.4.socialproblemsinforeigncountries:juveniledelinquency,highdivorcerate,unemployment,racialdiscrimination,drugabuse,generationgap,crime,violence,wars,thegapbetweenthepoorandtherichetc.unemployment:Hightechnologydoescreatenewjobs.Butontheotherhand,ithasmademanymanualworkersobsolete.Intimesofeconomicrecession,theproblemofunemploymentgetsevenworse.drugabuse:Withitareotherproblemssuchascrime,prostitutionandthespreadofAIDS.Thefastpaceoflifeandthestressforitmaybeoneofthecauses.racialdiscrimination:Duetoracialdiscriminationanddeeplyrootedprejudiceagainstminoritygroups,thereisstillinequalityamongraces.Thismayalsoleadtotheinstabilityofanation,racialconflicts,andevenwars.single-parentfamily:IthasbeenreportedthatintheU.S.,aboutonemarriageintwoendsindivorce.Andmanyteenagegirlsgivebirthtobabiesbeforetheygetmarried.Childrenfromsingle-parentfamiliesaremorelikelytobeill-treated,totakedrugs,andcommitcrimes.5.somekeywordsaboutsocialproblems:killing:murder謀殺manslaughter殺人 massacre屠殺homicide殺人罪assassination 暗殺;theft偷竊:robbery搶劫looting洗劫pickpocket 扒竊burglary入室偷竊fraud欺詐cutpurse小偷、 割錢包者stealing偷盜swindle欺騙shoplifting偷竊 商店的東西misdeed不端行為:offense犯法misconduct不端 行為misdemeanor輕罪，violation犯法wrong 做錯(cuò)事6.causesofcrimes:1)economic:unemployment失業(yè),poverty貧窮,greed貪婪jobless失業(yè),lack缺乏,desire欲望,lay-off暫時(shí)失業(yè),failure失敗,hunger饑餓,idleness無(wú)事可做,scarcity不足,lust貪婪,irrationalsocialdistribution社會(huì)分配不公;2)psychological:envy妒嫉，resentfulness厭惡，mistrust不信任，jealousy妒嫉，suspicion懷疑，revenge報(bào)仇,possessive-ness占有欲，insecurity不安全，childhoodexperience童年經(jīng)歷；3)others:overcomeapolitical/businessobstacle克服 政治/生意障礙,competition競(jìng)爭(zhēng),opposition對(duì)立,rivalry競(jìng)爭(zhēng),對(duì)抗,lowqualityofeducation教育素質(zhì)低,lowmoralstandard道德敗壞7.legalactions:1)sue控告，打官司prosecute起訴taketocourt 起訴，打官司filesuit控告，打官司claimdamages 要求賠償charge指控accuse控告，指控2)try審判，審問(wèn)judge判決，審判examine審問(wèn)，hear聽(tīng)證，審理find…guilty(innocent)of…判定……犯……罪(無(wú)罪)；sentence判決,課刑,宣判;convict定罪3)imprison監(jiān)禁putinprison監(jiān)禁lockup監(jiān)禁 depriveofliberty剝奪自由jail監(jiān)禁homearrest軟 禁reform改造8.measurestaken:legaleducation法制教育policepatrol警察巡邏watching-eye-neighborhood鄰里關(guān)照reinforcementofpolice加強(qiáng)警力emergencysystem報(bào)警系統(tǒng)securitydevices保安設(shè)備9.ManysocialproblemsexistbothinChinaandforeigncountries.Therearevariouscausesofdifferentsocialproblems.Thefollowingarejustafewofthepossibleexamples:7)invaluable:adj.beyondprice無(wú)價(jià)的，極寶貴的invaluable由value派生而出。value指“價(jià)值”；valuable指“有價(jià)值的”。注意：invaluable不是valuable的反義詞，而是priceless的同義詞1)

注意區(qū)分invaluable和pricelessinvaluable意為“珍貴的”，多指質(zhì)地上是非常寶貴的，也可對(duì)實(shí)際無(wú)法計(jì)價(jià)的事物進(jìn)行修飾；beinvaluableto…例如：Theirserviceswereinvaluabletome.他們對(duì)我的幫助是無(wú)法估量的。priceless意為“極貴重的，無(wú)價(jià)的”，多指以價(jià)錢來(lái)衡量的貴重物品或穿戴、用的東西例如：Isthisdresspriceless?這件衣服貴重嗎?8)isolate:v.placeapart;separatefromothers;keepalone使······孤立；隔絕isolatedadj.孤立的，被隔離的

isolationn.孤立；隔離；(化學(xué)上的)分解isolationismn.(國(guó)際間的)孤立主義政策

isolate...from從······中隔離出來(lái)例如：Hefeltentirelyisolatedfromtheworld.他覺(jué)得自己完全與世隔絕了。9)optimum:adj.optimal最佳的，最適宜的

optimum有時(shí)被認(rèn)為是“最高的，最大的”，應(yīng)注意避免這類混淆例如：theoptimumspeedofacar指“汽車的最佳速度”，而非topspeed(最高速度)optimumpopulation適度人口optimumprice最優(yōu)價(jià)格optimumlocation最佳位置optimumeducationalopportunity最佳教育機(jī)會(huì)optimumconditions最佳條件10)priority:n.thethingthatyouthinkisthemostimportantandneedsattentionbeforeanythingelse優(yōu)先權(quán)；優(yōu)先考慮的事物priority由prior派生出來(lái)，后者為形容詞，指“在前的，比······優(yōu)先的”。作“優(yōu)先”解時(shí)，priority后一般接介詞over例如：Apatrolcarhaspriorityoverothertraffic.巡邏車比其他車享有優(yōu)先權(quán)。注意：prior后接介詞to例如：Wereceivenonotificationpriortotoday’sdate.我們?cè)诮袢罩拔传@通知。11)resentful(adj.)(Line16,Para.3):feelingangryandupsetaboutsomethingthatseemsunfair充滿忿恨的，怨恨的他對(duì)她的干預(yù)深感憤恨。Hewasdeeplyresentfulatherinterference.她忿恨地看了她丈夫一眼。Shegaveherhusbandaresentfullook.動(dòng)詞：resent對(duì)……表示忿恨 resentsth./doingsth./that…名詞：resentment忿恨(Line40,Para.6)12)secure:adj.safe;withoutdangerorrisk安心的，無(wú)憂慮的，安全的securelyadv.安全地，確實(shí)地；securityn.安全(感)；平安secure作“安全的”解時(shí)，一般后接介詞from/against例如：Ourhouseissecurefrom/againstflood.我們的房子沒(méi)有被洪水淹沒(méi)的危險(xiǎn)。【記憶】se(freefrom,免于)+cure(care,擔(dān)心)→免于 擔(dān)心的→無(wú)憂慮的，放心的→安全的，牢固的13)suppress:v.a.putanendto;stopbyforce鎮(zhèn)壓，平定

b.preventfrombeingknownorseen抑制suppressionn.鎮(zhèn)壓，平定；(感情的)抑制 suppressiveadj.壓抑的；(醫(yī)學(xué)上)有抑止(咳等)效果的 suppressorn.鎮(zhèn)壓者14)afterall:sth.tobetakenintoconsideration畢竟，究竟(導(dǎo)出原因；通常置于句首)例如：It’snotsurprisingthatyou‘vegotstomachache.Afterall,you’veeatentoomuch.你的胃疼并不令人驚訝，畢竟你實(shí)在吃得太多了。注意區(qū)分:afterall可作介詞，表示“雖然······但是仍然······”例如：Afterallhisefforts,hefailedagainthistime.雖然他很努力，但他這次仍然失敗了。Don’tbesodisappointed,afterall,wehavemadesomeprogress.別太失望，畢竟我們已經(jīng)取得了一些進(jìn)afterall可做介詞，表示“雖然，但是仍然”Afterallhisefforts,hefailedagainthistime.雖然他很努力，但他這次仍然失敗了。試題：Iwon’tinvitehim.___,Idon’treallyknowhim.A.AtallB.Afterall C.Forall D.Inall答案：B. Inall總共。14)Copewith(L.28):對(duì)付，處理，可接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。He’llcopewith(doing)allthework他將會(huì)設(shè)法應(yīng)付所有的工作。15)incaseof:intheeventthatsth.happens在······情況下，(通常用于句首)，作介詞例如：Incaseofemergency,lookfortheredarrowwhichindicatesthenearestexitroute.在緊急情況中，請(qǐng)找到指示最近出口的紅箭頭。Incaseofemergency,youcanaskhimforhelp.緊急情況下，你可以找他尋求幫助。incase:conj&adv.以免，免得；以防萬(wàn)一Ikeepanumbrellahereincaseofrain.我?guī)Я艘话延陚阋苑老掠?。萬(wàn)一發(fā)生火災(zāi)，請(qǐng)打119求救。Incaseoffire,call119forhelp.

注意：與incase區(qū)別incase可作連詞，表示“以防，免得”例如：You’dbettertakeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.你最好帶把傘去，以防下雨。incase又可作副詞，表示“以防萬(wàn)一，免得”例如：Thedogwastiedup,butJohncarriedastick,justincase.狗雖是拴著的，但為防萬(wàn)一，約翰還是帶了根棍子。 inanycase無(wú)論如何；innocase在任何情況都不； inthecaseof至于······，就······而言16)inthelongrun(L.10):從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)eg.Inthelongrun,heistheonlyhopewehave. 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，他是我們唯一的希望。

（比較）intheshortrun從短期來(lái)說(shuō)17)look(upon)onsb.…asthinkof...as認(rèn)為，看做，相當(dāng)于thinksb.…as/regardsbas.例如：Everybodylooksupon/onhimasaleader.大家都把他看為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。注意：與lookon區(qū)別

lookon表示“旁觀，在旁邊看”例如：Twomenwerefightingwhilepeoplejustlookedon.

兩個(gè)人在打架，但大家只是袖手旁觀。18)workout:deviseorplansth.詳細(xì)擬定(計(jì)劃，方案等)，周密地想出，(可分開(kāi)用)例如：

Heworkedoutallthedetailsoftheplan.他詳細(xì)擬定了那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。設(shè)計(jì)，制定，擬訂I’llworkoutourschedule.我來(lái)制定我們的時(shí)刻表。

想出Heworkedoutagoodmethod.他想出了一個(gè)好方法。算出，估計(jì)出，解（題）看看你是否能解出這個(gè)謎。Seeifyoucanworkthispuzzleout.理解，弄懂，看出，說(shuō)出，判斷Ican’tworkoutthemeaningofthispoem.我不理解這首詩(shī)的含義。（情況等）發(fā)展；進(jìn)行一切都是按照計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的。Everythinghasworkedoutaccordingtoplan.

19)assistance(L.15):幫助，援助構(gòu)詞：as(靠近)+sist(stand/sit)+ant(表示人)anc意為：站在旁邊的人即:幫助eg.giveassistancetosb.Hecametomyassistance.辨析:assistancehelpaid

assistance在許多場(chǎng)合下指幫助的一方只是被幫助一方的助手，居次要地位。help最為常用，可代替assistance,aidaid含義積極，比較正式，較少用試題：Thenurse______thedoctorintheoperationroom. A.insistedB.assistedC.resistedD.persisted答案注釋：A.堅(jiān)持 C.抵制 D.堅(jiān)持不懈20)rangefrom…to…(L.19):涉及從…到…;所涉及范圍所指的要用介詞in。如：Thebagsrangeinpricefrom5to20yuan.相當(dāng)于: Thepricesofthebagrangefrom5to20.這些包的價(jià)格從5元到20元不等。21)interview(L.25):n.&v.接見(jiàn)，會(huì)見(jiàn)，面試，采訪

e.g.jobinterview招聘面試

giveaninterviewtosb.接見(jiàn)某人

haveaninterviewwithsb.會(huì)見(jiàn)某人Manyuniversitiesinterviewtheirapplicants. 許多大學(xué)對(duì)申請(qǐng)入學(xué)的學(xué)生要進(jìn)行面試。（派生）intervieween.被接見(jiàn)者，被采訪者

interviewern.接見(jiàn)者，面談?wù)?，記者歸納記憶： interview view看preview先看 預(yù)習(xí) review再看 復(fù)習(xí)22)onone’sown(L.26):獨(dú)自，靠自己（作狀語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)）eg.Canyoufinishonyourown?你能獨(dú)自完成嗎？

Helikestobeonhisown.他喜歡靠自己生活。23)confident(L.28):adj.certain,assured自信的，有信心confidentof/that確信，相信self-confidentadj.自信的Hefeelsconfidentofvictory.他確信能得勝。Confidentin對(duì)有信心/把握試題：Jimmywasverypopularwiththosewhocouldvote,andhewasconfidentthathecouldwintheelection.24)conversely:“相反地”，“從另一方面來(lái)看”，“反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)”conversely:此處用來(lái)修飾全句，表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ龋ù颂帪槎温渲g），相當(dāng)于in/bycontrast。Conversely,manylatchkeychildrenexpressedmuchbitterness,resentment,andangerforbeingmadetoliveinthisfashion.(Line40)與此相反，許多掛鑰匙的孩子對(duì)于被迫以這種方式生活表現(xiàn)出不快、怨恨以及憤怒。Thisnewspaperstorycoulddamagetheirreputation;conversely,itwillgivethemalotoffreepublicity.報(bào)紙上的這篇報(bào)道有可能損害他們的聲譽(yù)，不過(guò)從另一方面來(lái)看，它將為他們做大量的免費(fèi)宣傳。Runningcanstrengthenyourheartandmuscles,butconversely,itcanalsodamageyourkneesandthebonesinyourfeet.跑步能強(qiáng)健心臟和肌肉，但是反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)，也會(huì)損害膝蓋和腳骨。25)concern(L.50):a.n.&v.care,worryanxiety關(guān)心，掛念，憂慮Thisisanurse’sconcernforasickman.這是一名護(hù)士對(duì)病人的關(guān)心。Thereisnocauseforconcern,heisveryhealthy.沒(méi)有理由擔(dān)心，他很健康。我對(duì)此事毫不擔(dān)心。Ifeelnoconcernabout/forthematterb.n.&v.matter,interest（利害）關(guān)系Ihavenoconcernwith/inthematter.我與此事毫無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)。不要操心與你無(wú)關(guān)的事。Don’ttroubleaboutthingsthatdon’tconcernyou.派生）concernedadj.[前置定語(yǔ)]關(guān)切的,擔(dān)心的,憂慮的；[后置定語(yǔ)]有關(guān)的，設(shè)及的；

concernedlyadv.擔(dān)憂的

concerningprep.(about)有關(guān)，關(guān)于

beconcernedwithsth.：關(guān)心，掛念，從事于Iwon’tbeconcernedwiththematteranymore.我不再關(guān)心這件事。.as/sofaras…beconcerned:就…來(lái)說(shuō)試題：Asfarasyourfamilyis______,youwon’thavetoworryaboutthem. A.regardedB.relatedC.concerned D.connectedC.concerned就你的家人而言，你不必為他們擔(dān)心。26)given:此處為介詞，意為“考慮到”，“鑒于”Giventhegovernment’srecordonunemployment,theirchancesofwinningtheelectionlookpoor.鑒于政府的失業(yè)紀(jì)錄，他們贏得大選的機(jī)會(huì)很小。Givengoodhealth,onecanachieveanything.假使一個(gè)人健康，什么事都能做得到。given后可跟that從句，that可省略。意為“假設(shè)”，“考慮到”，“鑒于”Given(that)therewassolittletime,Ithinkthey’vedoneagoodjob.考慮到時(shí)間這么少，我認(rèn)為他們干得不錯(cuò)。Given(that)sheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.鑒于她對(duì)孩子有興趣，我肯定教學(xué)是最適合她的職業(yè)。given作形容詞使用，表示“規(guī)定的”，“特定的”Theworkmustbedonewithinthegiventime.工作必須在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成。Therulesaretobefollowedinanygivensituation.這些規(guī)定任何情況下都要遵守。Undergivenconditions,badthingscanbeturnedintogoodthings.在一定的條件下，壞事能夠變成好事。Giventherealityofthesituation,thequestiontoaskis:howcananoptimumplanbeworkedouttodealeffectivelywiththesituation.(Line55)考慮到這種現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況，要提出的應(yīng)是這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：如何才能制定一個(gè)最佳方案來(lái)有效地應(yīng)對(duì)這種局面？27）supreme(adj.)(Line62)：highestinposition,esp.ofpower最高位的；highestindegree極度的；至上的ThematterwillhavetobedecidedbytheSupremeCourt.這件事將由最高法院來(lái)判決。愛(ài)情給他帶來(lái)無(wú)比的勇氣。Lovebringshimthesupremecourage.Technologyistothedevelopmentofthemodernsocietyamatterofsupremeimportance.科技對(duì)于現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的發(fā)展具有最重要的意義。Ofsupremeimportanceisthequalityoftherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.(line61)ofimportance=important。此句是倒裝句，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)成分較長(zhǎng)，倒裝后使句子首尾平衡。經(jīng)常與of連用的其他名詞有value,use,importance,necessity,significance,help等。Thiseventisofvasthistoricalsignificance.這一事件具有巨大的歷史意義。PekingoperaisofmuchvaluetoChineseculture.京劇對(duì)中國(guó)文化有很大價(jià)值。Thatmatterisofnoimportance.那件事無(wú)關(guān)緊要。Heknewthefilescouldbeofhelptowhoevertookoverthejob.他知道不管誰(shuí)接管這個(gè)工作，這些檔案都是有幫助的。4.sentences:1)IntheUnitedStatesthecostoflivinghasbeensteadilyrisingforthepastfewdecades.(L.1～2)【解析】句中hasbeenrising為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示某一動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在?！咀g文】在過(guò)去的幾十年中，美國(guó)的生活開(kāi)支持續(xù)上升。【例句】Eventhoughtheyhavebeenlivingbesideeachotherfor20years,thetwoneighborsarenotfriendly.盡管這兩戶人家已經(jīng)做鄰居20年了，但他們互不友好。2)

Mothershavebeenleavingthetraditionalroleoffulltimehomemaker.(L.4-5)母親們一直在拋棄傳統(tǒng)的全職家庭主婦的角色。havebeenleaving是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，該時(shí)態(tài)以have/hasbeen+doing構(gòu)成，表示延續(xù)進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。注意區(qū)別：如將havebeenleaving換成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)haveleft，就表示婦女們已經(jīng)拋開(kāi)了家庭主婦這一角色。3)Theemotionalimpact,ontheotherhand,canbemoresubtle.(L7-8)另一方面,（對(duì)孩子們的）情感影響，則要微妙得多。ontheotherhand另一方面，反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)，通常與on(the)onehand（一方面）連用，但也可單獨(dú)使用。e.g.Heisanableman,butontheotherhandhedemandstoomuchofotherpeople.他是一個(gè)能干得人，但另一方面，他對(duì)他人的要求太多了。（注意）在翻譯時(shí)，Ontheotherhand 通常放在它所修飾的句子的首位。4)Theysuppresstheirguiltsincetheybelievethattheirworkwillbenefiteveryoneinthelongrun.(L.10～11)她們壓抑著這種負(fù)疚心理，因?yàn)樗齻冋J(rèn)為自己的工作從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看對(duì)大家都有利。5)Theemotionalimpactonthechildrencanbesignificant.(L.13)【解析】can這里表示對(duì)可能性的猜測(cè)，“可能會(huì)······”。注意表示肯定的推測(cè)時(shí)，用must,“一定······，必然”，但此意的否定通常用cannot表示，疑問(wèn)中也用can,【例句】Theteachermustbejoking.老師一定是在開(kāi)玩笑。Theteachercan’tbejoking.老師不可能在開(kāi)玩笑。Cantheteacherbejoking?老師可能在開(kāi)玩笑嗎?6)Fromtheemotionalaspect,theeffectonthechildrenmaybeveryimportant.【譯文】對(duì)孩子情感上的影響可能會(huì)是重大的?！纠洹縅oggingcanbebeneficialforthehealth.慢跑可能會(huì)對(duì)健康有益。7)andtheyfeelthattheirmothersshould“bethere”forthem.(L.14～15)【解析】句中bethere表示：beathome。【譯文】而他們感到母親應(yīng)該“在家等候”他們。8)Alltoooften,however,themothersarrivehomeexhaustedandfacetheimmediatetaskofpreparingdinner.(L.16～17)【解析】alltoo意為：極為。這里用alltoooften表示這種情形實(shí)在太多了。exhausted在這里是用過(guò)去分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，表示母親們回來(lái)時(shí)疲憊的狀態(tài)。face是與arrive并列的另一個(gè)動(dòng)作。【例句】1.Thesescenesofevidencearealltoofamiliar.這些證據(jù)的場(chǎng)面都極為熟悉。2.Thepresidentcameintothemeetinghall,followedbysomeofficers.總統(tǒng)進(jìn)入會(huì)堂，后面跟著一些官員。9)Onadailybasistheyreturnfromschoolandunlockthedoortotheirhomewiththekeyhangingaroundtheirnecks.(L.19～20)【解析】句中thedoortotheirhome，意為：通往他們家的門。door后面跟介詞to，意為：通往······之道。與之有關(guān)的詞組還有：openthedoorto(for)sb.給······方便closethedoorto(on)把······拒之門外adoortosuccess 成功之道10)Theyarenowontheirown,alone,inquiet,emptyrooms.(L.20～21)【解析】句中alone為形容詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)?！咀g文】他們現(xiàn)在就獨(dú)自待在安安靜靜、空空蕩蕩的房間里。11)Latchkeychildrenwhowereinterviewedreporteddiversereactions.(L.25)【解析】report意為：敘述，記述?！咀g文】接受采訪的掛鑰匙的孩子們的反應(yīng)是不同的。【例句】Shereportedhavingseenthegunman.她敘述說(shuō)曾看見(jiàn)那個(gè)持槍歹徒。12)Somelatchkeychildrensaidthatbeingontheirownforafewhourseachdayfostered,orstimulated,asenseofindependenceandresponsibility.(L.25～27)【解析】句中beingontheirown…eachday為動(dòng)名詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞與動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。【譯文】一些掛鑰匙的孩子認(rèn)為每天有幾個(gè)小時(shí)讓他們獨(dú)自待在家里培養(yǎng)了或者說(shuō)激發(fā)了他們的獨(dú)立意識(shí)和責(zé)任感。13)(Para.5)Somelatchkeychildrensaidthatbeingontheirownforafewhourseachdayfostered,orstimulated,asensedindependenceandresponsibility.譯文：一些掛鑰匙孩子認(rèn)為每天自己?jiǎn)为?dú)呆上幾小時(shí)培養(yǎng)或激發(fā)了他們的自立感和責(zé)任感。要點(diǎn)：a.這是一個(gè)含有由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句。b.在這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中，分詞短語(yǔ)beingontheirownforfewhours作狀語(yǔ)，而句子的真正主語(yǔ)是eachday，謂語(yǔ)為fosteredorstimulated，賓語(yǔ)為asenseofindepen-denceandresponsibility.【例句】Collectingstampsismyhobby.集郵是我的嗜好。Tobelovediswhatheexpects.他所期望的是被愛(ài)。14)(Para.5)Latchkeygirls,byobservinghowtheirmotherscopedwiththedemandsofafamilyandajob,learnedtherolemodelofaworkingmother.譯文：掛鑰匙的女孩子則通過(guò)觀察自已的母親是如何處理家庭和工作上的需求，而學(xué)到了職業(yè)母親的楷模。分析：實(shí)際上這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。在主語(yǔ)latchkeygirls語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞learned中間插入了一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。15)Thesechildrenlookedupontheirfreetimeafterschoolasanopportunityforpersonaldevelopment.(L.31～32)【解析】anopportunityfor(of)+n.意為：······的機(jī)會(huì)。如果后面要跟動(dòng)詞，結(jié)構(gòu)則為opportunitytodosth.，lookupon…as意為：把······看作，認(rèn)為是······。與它類似的詞有：perceive...as，thinkof...as，consider...as,view...as?！咀g文】這些孩子把他們放學(xué)后的這段自由時(shí)間看成是自我發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)?！纠洹縄lostnoopportunityofstudyingabroad.我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)任何出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。Ihavenoopportunitytodiscussitwithher.我沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)和她談這件事。Ilookuponherasagoodteacher.我認(rèn)為她是個(gè)好教師。16)Conversely,manylatchkeychildrenexpressedmuchbitterness,resentment,andangerforbeingmadetoliveinthisfashion.(L.34～35)【解析】conversely意為：相反地，反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)（用來(lái)修飾全句）。句中l(wèi)iveinthisfashion表示這樣的一種生活方式：孩子的父母都外出工作了，孩子回到家后無(wú)人照顧。而他們的父母又不允許其出去玩，因此感到孤獨(dú)。bemadetolive是makesb.dosth.的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),其主語(yǔ)為children。【譯文】與此相反，許多掛鑰匙的孩子對(duì)于被迫以這種方式生活表示不快、怨恨以及憤怒。【例句】Iwasmadetodothecleaningforthewholefamily.我被迫為全家打掃衛(wèi)生。17)Theywerelittlepeoplewhoreallywantedtobeprotected,encouraged,andcaredforthroughattentionfromtheirmothers.(L.36～38)【解析】littlepeople此處意為：小孩?！咀g文】他們是小孩，需要母親的保護(hù)、鼓勵(lì)與關(guān)懷。18)Cominghometoanemptyhousewasdisappointing,lonely,andoftenfrightening.(L.38～39）【解析】此句中的disappointing和frightening都是現(xiàn)在分詞用作表語(yǔ)。它們的過(guò)去分詞形式disappointed與frightened也可作表語(yǔ)，但其邏輯主語(yǔ)一定是行為者?！踞屃x】Thelatchkeychildrenfeltdisappointed,lonely,andoftenfrightenedwhentheycametoanemptyhouse.【譯文】回到空蕩蕩的屋子會(huì)讓人失望、孤獨(dú)，而且經(jīng)常使人害怕。19)Afterall,itseemedtothemthatmostotherchildrenhad“normal”familieswhosemotherswere“around”,whereastheirownmotherswereneverhome.(L.39～41)【解析】Itseemstosb.that+從句：在某人看來(lái)好像…相當(dāng)于sb.seemstodosth.。whereas意為：然而，另一方面，反之。它引導(dǎo)表示對(duì)比或?qū)α⒌膹木?，用法與while相似。句中motherswerearound意為：母親在孩子身邊。normalfamilies意為：母親在家照顧孩子的家庭?！咀g文】因?yàn)楫吘乖谒麄兛磥?lái)，大多數(shù)的孩子有一個(gè)“正?！钡募?，母親總是“在他們周圍”，而他們自己的母親則從來(lái)不在家?！纠洹縄tseems(that)heislying.=Heseemstobelying.看起來(lái)他像是在撒謊。Itseemedtohim(that)hewouldneverbeabletoworkoutthequestion.看樣子他好像永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法解決那個(gè)問(wèn)題。Hewaspoor,whereashisbrotherwasveryrich.他很窮，可他哥哥卻很富。20)furthermore,thevoiceswerecomforting.(L.42~43)【解析】furthermore意為：另外，而且。與其類似的詞還 有：moreover,what’smore,inaddition【例句】Heisgoodatplayingfootball;furthermore, heisanexcellentsinger. 他足球踢得很好；而且，他也是個(gè)優(yōu)秀的歌手。21)Becauseofeithereconomicnecessityorstrongdeterminationforpersonalfulfillment,orboth,thephenomenonoflatchkeychildreniswidespreadinoursociety.(L.44～45)【解析】either...or...連接的詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要取決于最近的主語(yǔ)。類似連詞還有：neither...nor,notonly...butalso?！咀g文】出于經(jīng)濟(jì)上的原因或一種要實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價(jià)值的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)決心，或兩者兼而有之，掛鑰匙的孩子這一現(xiàn)象在我們的社會(huì)中已變得越來(lái)越普遍?！纠洹縀itheryouorIammad.不是你瘋了就是我瘋了。NeitherInorJackhaspassedtheexam.我和杰克都沒(méi)通過(guò)考試。NotonlyMarybutalsoherparentshavetakenpartintheparty.瑪麗和她父母都去參加了晚會(huì)。22)Whateverthereason,itisacompellingsituationwithwhichfamiliesmustcope.(L.45~46)【解析】此句中which為定語(yǔ)從句先行詞。通常定語(yǔ)從句中可用which或that引導(dǎo)，但從句中動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的介詞前置時(shí)，只能用which但如果介詞后置的話，則which/that都可用，即:…itisacompellingsituationthat/whichfamiliesmustcopewith.【釋義】Nomatterwhatthereasonis,it’sanemerg-encythateveryfamilymustdealwith.【譯文】不管什么原因，這是每個(gè)家庭都需處理的迫切狀況。23)Thequestiontoaskisnotwhetherornotmothersshouldworkfull-time.(L.46～47)【解析】這里的兩個(gè)not指代不一樣。第一個(gè)not表示對(duì)全句的否定，第二個(gè)not用于詞組whetherornot?！踞屃x】Thequestiontoaskisnotwhethermothersshouldworkfull-timeornot.24)Itisadvisableforallmembersofthefamilytoexpresstheirfeelingsandconcernsabouttheinevitablechangecandidly.(L.50～51)【解析】在itisadvisable引導(dǎo)的that從句中，應(yīng)該使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即:itisadvisablethat...shoulddosth.，should可省略。句中theinevitablechange指母親們不得不出去工作，而讓孩子們獨(dú)自在家的事實(shí)?！咀g文】明智的做法是：所有家庭成員把對(duì)這種不可避免的變化的感受與擔(dān)心坦率地說(shuō)出來(lái)。【例句】Itisessentialthattheapplicationformsshouldbesentbackrightaway.申請(qǐng)表應(yīng)立即被送回來(lái)，這很重要。5.translation1)Becauseofanemergency,thedoctorwillnot beavailableforseveralhours.2)Howwilltaxesaffectpeoplewithlowincomes?3)MymotheralwaystoldmethatinthelongrunIwouldbegladIdidn’tgiveuppracticingthepiano.4)

Thebooksrangeinpricefrom$10to$20.5)Itseemstomethatyoudon’thavemuchchoice.6)Giventheirinexperience,theyhavedonequiteagoodjob.7)Forsuchabighousethepriceisfairlycheap, butyou’vegottotakeintoconsiderationthemoneyyou willspendonrepairs.8)Canwebeginbydiscussingquestionsarising fromthelastmeeting?6.SummaryoftheTextIntheUnitedStatesthecostoflivinghasbeensteadilyrisingforthepastfewdecades.Becauseofeithereconomicnecessityorstrongdeterminationforpersonalfulfillment,orboth,mothershavebeenleavingthetraditionalroleoffull-timehomemaker.Makingsuchasignificantchangeaffectstheentirefamily,especiallythechildren.Theemotionalimpactonthechildrencanbesignificant.Itisquitec