期末復(fù)習(xí)-代詞（講義）-2023-2024學(xué)年教科版（廣州）英語六年級下冊

代詞代詞：起指代作用的詞，可以指代人和事物。主要包括人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、疑問代詞。人稱代詞：指代人和事物的代詞，有人稱、數(shù)、格以及性別的變化人稱格數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱he，she，ithim、her、ittheythem主格：作主語，常放于句首。Eg.Ilikeswimming.賓格：做賓語，一般放在動詞或介詞后。Eg.Shedoesn’tunderstandme.多個人稱做主語時的順序：單數(shù)人稱：2/3/1、復(fù)數(shù)人稱：1/2/3二、物主代詞：某物歸某人所有。類型詞義我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishers/oursyourstheirs用法口訣：有名則形，無名則名。My+名詞=mine有名則形：如果其后有名詞，就用形容詞性物主代詞，來修飾或限定后面的名詞。無名則名：如果其后沒有名詞，就要用名詞性物主代詞來充當(dāng)名詞Eg.Thisismycar.=Thisismine.{Exercise}一、用代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thereisaletterfor_______(she)mother2.Thatis_____(she)coat.Thecoatisred.____(its)isanewone.3.Give_______(he)atoy,please.4.Givethebookto______(I).5.Thesebooksare_____(we).二、單項選擇()1.Mary'sbirthdayiscoming.We’vedecidedtomakeacakefor______A.himB.herC.youD.them()2.Mike'sauntis______Englishteacher.Wealllike_______A.our,sheB.our,herC.we,sheD.we,her()3.Annhasgotaletterfromherbestfriend.Itmakes___quiteexcited.A.sheB.herC.hersD.herself()4.Theoldmanoftentellstheminterestingstories,sotheylike_____verymuch.A.heB.himC.herD.she()5.Thisisn’tmydictionary._____isoverthere,onthedesk.A.HisB.MineC.HersD.Yours三、反身代詞當(dāng)賓語和主語表示的是同一人的時候，我們不用賓格，用主格。數(shù)人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myself我自己yourself你自己himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己復(fù)數(shù)ourselves我們自己yourselves你們自己themselves他們自己有關(guān)反身代詞短語：dressoneself自己穿衣devoteoneselfto致力于helponeselfto隨便吃，隨便用talk/speaktooneself自言自語byoneself獨自enjoyoneself玩得高興teachoneself自學(xué)ofoneself自動地填空1.Idomyhomeworkby_________.2.Wecleanourclassroomby_________.3.Youcansee_______inthemirror.4.Theboyenjoyed_________.5.Thelittlegirlwashesherclothesby_________.6.Tomalwaysgoeshomebybusby__________.7.Hi,boys.Takeiteasy.Help_____________.二、單項選擇（）1.Mymothermadesomezongziby__ontheDragonBoatFestival.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself()2.Taichi,partofChineseculture,isanexercisewhichhelpspeopleimprove___inhealth.A.themselves B.ourselves C.itself D.myself()3.MissLi,ahumorousteacher,taught___mathslastterm.A.us B.ourC.ours D.ourselves()4.-We’llhavetheP.E.testnextweek.Ifeelalittlenervous.--Relax!Believein___andpracticemore.A.you B.yourC.yours D.yourself()5.Tomsaidto_______,“WhatamIdoing?"A.hisB.himselfC.him D.he()6.Ourparentsalwaysletusdothingsby_____.A.yourselves B.herself C.ourselves D.myself()7.---Didshegotoschoolwhenshewasyoung?--No.Shetaught____athome.Her B.herself C.hers D.she三、閱讀短文，選擇正確的答案。I'mFuman.IlivewithmygrandparentsandsisterinYunnan.Myfatherworksinthecityandhecomeshomeonceayear.I'mbusyeveryday.Onweekdays,Igetupveryearly.Ifeedthechickensandcleanthehouse.ThenIgotoschool.Myschoolisveryfaraway.Ittakesmeaboutoneandahalfhourstowalktoschool.Iliketostudy,soI'malwayshappyatschool.Afterschool,Iwalkbackhomeforanotheroneandahalfhours.WhenIgethome,thereisstillmuchtodo.Ifirstfinishmyhomeworkandhavedinner.AndthenIhelpmygrandparentwithotherhousework.Oneday,Iwenttoschoolonasnowymorningasusual.MyteachertookaphotoofmeandIbecamefamousontheInternet.ManypeoplethinkIliveahardlifebutIneverfeeltiredorbored.IhopeIcanstudyandlivewithmyfatherinthecitysomeday.()1.Fumanisfrom_____________.A.HunanB.YunnanC.Hainan()2.Heliveswithhis_____________.A.grandparentsB.sisterC.AandB()3.Ittakeshim_________minutestogotoschool___________.A.90;onfootB.45;onfootC.90;bycar()4.Fuman______________beforehegoestoschool.A.feedsthesheepB.cleanstheclassroomC.doeshousework()5.Fuman__________feelstiredorboredabouthislife.A.alwaysB.neverC.often四、指示代詞：用來指示人和事物的代詞。this，that，these，those,1.指示代詞數(shù)用法例句This這個（近指）That那個（遠(yuǎn)指）單數(shù)指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞，動詞用單數(shù)形式Thisgiftisforyouandthatonethatisforyourbrother.這件禮物是給你的，那件是給你弟弟的。These這些（近指）Those那些（遠(yuǎn)指）復(fù)數(shù)指代或修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式IlovethesebooksbutIdon'tlikethose.我喜歡這些書，但不喜歡那些。用法：①this/these指空間上或時間上較近的人或事物。that/those指時間上或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或事物。Eg.Thiscarisyellow，andthatcarisblue.這輛車是黃色，那輛車是藍(lán)色。②that和those可以指代前面出現(xiàn)的名詞可以避免重復(fù)。TheweatherinBeijingisdifferentfromthatinSunday.（that指代________）③that常用于指代上文提到的事或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情；This用于指代下文要說的事情Eg.-I'msorry1forgottophoneyou.-That'sallright.(that指代__________)Thisiswhatbothersme:ImissAlice.(this___________)④在打電話時，用this介紹自己，用that詢問對方是誰Hi,thisisDavidspeaking.IsthatSarahspeaking?你好，我是David，你是Sarah嗎？⑤指示代詞作主語時可指物，也可指人；作賓語時只能指物，不能指人Thisismyfather.(this作主語，指人）Don'tdothat.(that作賓語，指事物)⑥this、that可作狀語，起副詞作用，意為“這么，那么”相當(dāng)于soTheballisthatbig.這個球那么大。lt'saboutthishigh.大約有這么高。⑦that/that/these/those不能回答特殊疑問句和一般疑問句的問題，要用對應(yīng)的稱代詞回答：單數(shù)用it，復(fù)數(shù)用they判斷對錯：eg:-Whatisthis/that?-Itisabook.()-This/thatisabook.()-Arethoseyourbrothers?-No,theyaren’t.()-No,thosearenot.（）{Exercise}()1.--What'sthis?----____It'sabreadB.ItisabreadC.It'sbreadD.This'sbread()2.-Isthisyourbrother?-_______·A.Yes,itis.B.Yes,itisn't.C.Yes,heis.D.No,hedoesn't.()3.Hi,_______ismymotherand_______aremyfriends.A.this,thatB.these,theseC.this,theseD.that,that(）4._______twoboysareMr.Green'skids.A.ThisB.TheseC.ThatD.It()5.-Canyousee_____buildingoverthere?-Sure.Itisreallytall.A.TheseB.thoseC.thisD.that()6.-Whatarethese?-_______A.ThesearebooksB.It'sabookC.TheyarepensD.Thosearepens()7.-Whoarethesepeopleinthefirstpicture?-______mygrandparentsA.ThisisB.They'reC.TheseareD.Thoseare()8.Isheyourbrother?---___________Yes,heisB.Yes,heisn’tC.No,heisD.Yes,sheis二．用正確形式填空1.Is__________(these)youreraser?2.-Are___________(that)yourrulers?-No,theyaren't.___________(that)aremybooksandpens.3.Hello.Gina(this)________aremyfriends,MikeandFrank.4.___________(that)aremybrothers.5._________(this)arehisbrothers.五、不定代詞：不明確指代某個（些）人或某件（些）事的代詞some、any和no的用法1）Some一些、幾個：可代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，通常用于肯定句，但是在提出請求或建議的問句用some。Therearemanybooksonthedesk.SomeareEnglishbook，somearemathsbooks.Wouldyoulikesomejuice？Some作代詞，“一些、若干/其中一部分”Eg.Doyouhaveanybooks?Yes,IhavesomeSome作副詞，表示“相當(dāng)、大約”Ihavekeptbirdsforsome30years..........大約30年any可代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，通常用于否定句和疑問句。用于一般疑問句，意思是：“一些”Arethereanystudentsintheclassroom?用于否定句：沒有一個Thereisn’tanymoneyinmywallet.用于肯定句，意為“任何”Youcanreadanybookinourlibrary.3）no不，沒有Ihavenopen.不定代詞other、others、another、theothers、theother的區(qū)別：1）another泛指“另一個，再一個”，指三者或三者以上的事物中的任意一個，后跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式。Thecoatistoobigforme.CanIhaveanotherone？2）other+名詞=others其他的一些，（有剩余），other其他的，另外的，后+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。eachother相互others泛指“其他的人或物”WeshouldlearnfromothersSomestudentsareplayingbasketball，othersarerunning.3）theother特指兩個中的“另一個”；one........theother：一個......另一個Shehastwochildren.Oneisason,theotherisadaughter.也可用于特指范圍內(nèi)的“另一些”，theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=theothers其余的（剩下的全部，沒有剩余）Onlyyouareintheclassroom,Jack.Wherearetheothers.{exercise}()1.Thetiedoesn’tmatchmyshirtwell.Wouldyoupleaseshowme______one? A.other B.others C.others D.another ()2.I’vegottwolovelycatsathome.Oneisblackand_____iswhiteA.other B.theother C.another D.others ()3.IhavevisitedtwofamouscitiesinChina.OneisBeijingand_____isShanghai.A.another B.other C.theother ()4.-What_____animalsdoyoulike?-Ilikedogs,too.A.another B.other C.theother D.others ()5.Excuseme,sir.Iboughttheshoesyesterday,buttheyareindifferentsizes.OneisSize37_____isSize38.A.another B.theother C.theothers D.other ()6.-Howmanyelephantscanyouseeinthepicture?-Two.Oneisanadultelephant____isababyone.A.another B.other C.theother4）both/all①both意為“兩個都”Bothofthetwoboysaremyfriends②all意為“多個都”，用于三個或三個以上的“都”Allofmyclassmatesareinterestedincomputerscienceeither/any①either意為“二者之一”；either…or…意為“或者…或者…”Hecantakeeitherofthetwobooks②any意為“多個之一”,用于三個或三個以上的“任一”Icantakeanyofthesetenbooks6）neither/none①neither意為“兩個都不”；neithernor“既不…也不…”Neitheryounorheisright②none意為“多個都不”用于三個或三個以上的“都不Noneofthechildrenlikesstayingthere.8）few/little①few用于可數(shù)名詞前，表否定Hehasfewbooks.②little用于不可數(shù)名詞前，表否定Ihavelittletimetoplaycomputergames7）afew/alittle①afew+可數(shù)名詞，表肯定Hehasafewbooks②alittle+不可數(shù)名詞，表肯定Ihavealittletimetoplay.8）many/much①many用于可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)“很多”Hisfatherhasmanybooksforhimtoread②much用于不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)“很多”Studentshavemuchhomeworktodoone/it①one指代“同類異物”；可用來代替上文中出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。復(fù)數(shù)形式ones，所有格形式one’s.Whohasawatch?Ihaveone.Eg.Thisappleisbiggerthanthatone.②it就是所指代事物或物件本身.特指上文中提到的同一事物，“同名同物”Ihaveawatch.ItisnewIt的用法it作代詞可用來指時間、天氣、距離等。alotof=lotsof許多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞3.復(fù)合不定代詞的用法-thing類-body類-one類something某物somebody某人someone某人nothing沒有東西nobody沒有人noone沒有人anything任何事anybody任何人anyone任何人everything每件事everybody每個人everyone每個人1）.-thing類①something某事、某物：一般用于肯定句，可用于表示請求的疑問句。Somethingiswrongwithyoumyclock.②anything某事、某物、任何事：一般用于疑問句，否定句及條件句；也可用于肯定句：任何事物，任何事情IsthereanythingIcandoforyou？Iwoulddoanythingforyou.③everything一切Moneyisn’teverything.④nothing沒有什么Thereisnothingintheroom.2）-body類復(fù)合詞/-one類復(fù)合詞anybody/anyone意為任何人，多用于否定句、疑問句；可用于肯定句：隨便哪個人someone/somebody：常用在肯定句中。Nobody、noone沒有人Noone/Nobodyknowswheresheisfrom.形容詞放在不定代詞的后面：somethingimportant復(fù)合不定代詞后面的謂語要用單數(shù)形式{Exercise}()1.Theseshoesaretoosmall.Youmaybuysome______shoes.A.anotherB.otherC.theothersD.others()2.-Whyareyoulaughing,Daniel?-Thereis____funnyinthenewspaper.Comeandsee.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing()3.-Excuseme,howcanIgettoNanshanMountain?---Oh,_____ofthesetwobuseswilltakeyouthere.YoumustgoandtakeNo.3bus.A.neitherB.allC.noneD.both()4.-Whichcolordoyoulike,redorblue?--______.Ilikegreen.EitherB.BothC.NeitherD.None()5."Don’tworry.There'smuch______wrongwithyou."saidthedoctor.A.nothingB.everythingC.somethingD.very()6.Randywrotetwonovels.________ofthemweremadeintofilms.I'veseenthem.A.None B.Both C.AllD.Neither()7.-Althoughtheseweregoodstudents,____ofthemhadascoreabove60.--Ican'tbelieveit!A.noneB.nooneC.someD.all()8.Therewereonlytwopaintingsforsaleandhebought_____A.allB.anyC.bothD.some()9.____wenthikinglastweekendbecauseofthebadweather.A.SomeoneB.NooneC.EveryoneD.Nothing()10.--Wehaveredandyellow.Whichcolordoyoulike?--I'mafraid______.IthinkbluewillbeOK.A.bothB.eitherC.neitherD.none()11.WestudyChinese,English,mathsandsome_____subjects.A.theotherB.oneC.otherD.another()12.Youmaycometomyhouse______thisweek______nextweek.A.neither;orB.from;toC.either;orD.either;nor()13.Idon'ttwantthisshirt.Pleaseshowme____？A.othersB.theothersC.anotherD.theother()14.Theremustbe____wrongwiththeclock.Itdoesn'twork.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything六、疑問代詞：who、whom、whose、which、what...疑問代詞意義用法例句who誰做主語，指人Whoareyou?你是誰？whom誰做賓語，指人Whomareyoutalkingwith?whose誰的定語，所屬關(guān)系Whosebookisthis?which哪一個指定范圍內(nèi)選擇，（可指人指物）Whichpicturedoyoulikebest?what什么對具體內(nèi)容提問Whatdoyoulike?when何時詢問時間Whendoyougetup?where何地詢問地點Whereismykeys?why何因詢問原因Whynotgowithme?how如何詢問方法或程度Howdoyoucomehere?Howold多大詢問年齡Howoldareyou?Howmuch多少價錢/數(shù)量Howmuchisthebook?Howmany多少詢問數(shù)量Howmanyapplescanyousee?Howfar多遠(yuǎn)詢問距離Howfarisit?Howlong多長詢問物體長度或時間Howlongistheruler?Howlongdidyoustayhere?你在這里待了多久？Fortwohours.兩小時Howoften多久一次詢問頻率Howoftendoyouexercise?Onceaweek.Howsoon多久詢問時間Howsoonwillyoucomeback?Inanhour.一個小時以后單項選擇( )1._________areyougoingthisafternoon?A.What B.Where C.When D.How ( )2.--_______areyougoing?--NextSunday.A.What B.Where C.When D.Which ( )3.--_________areyoudoingnow?A.What B.Where C.When D.How ( )4.--________doyougotoschool?--bybus.A.What B.Where C.When D.How ( )5._______isatickerforthefilmHackerHe?---Aboutfortyyuan.A.Howold B.Howmany C.Howmuch D.Howoften ( )6.-________doyoulikeEnglish?-Becauseit’sinterestingA.Who B.Which C.What D.Why ( )7.________teadoyouhave?--Twocups.A.Howmany B.Howmuch C.Howsoon D.Which ( )8.________isittoday?--Monday.What B.Whattime C.Whatdate D.Whatday 二、填上適當(dāng)?shù)奶厥庖蓡柎~1._________isthatprettygirl?---Sheismysister.2.________aretheshoes?---75yuan3.________istheTeachersDay?---OnSeptember10th.4.________booksdoyouhave?---Ten5.________ismymother?---Sheisinthelivingroom.6.__________isit?---It’snineo’clock.7.________doyouusuallygotowork?--Iusuallygotoworkbybus8.________istheriver?---It’s6363km.howlong,howoften,howsoon的區(qū)別，三者均可譯為“多久”① howlong指多長時間，主要用來對一段時間(如threedays等)提問 Howlongdidhestayhere?他在這兒呆了多久? -Abouttwohours.大約兩小時。②howoften指每隔多久，主要用來對頻度副詞或狀語(如onceaweek每周一次；等)提問Howoftendoeshecomehere?他(每隔)多久來一次? -Onceamonth每月一次③howsoon指再過多久，主要用來對表示將來的一段時間(如:inanhour）-Howsoonwillhebeback?他要多久才回來? -Inanhour.1小時以后。 ◆

詢問時長（多久或多快）

對for＋時間段提問，表示多久，疑問詞一般用Howlong。Eg.Howlongwillyoustaythere?你將在那兒呆多久？Abouttwoweeks.

對in＋時間段提問，表示多快，疑問詞一般用Howsoon。Eg.Howsoonwillyoucomeback?Intwohours.單項選擇1.________-doesyourfathergotothefitnesscenter?-Heexercisestheretwiceaweek.A.Howsoon B.Howoften C.Howlong2.-________willtheinvitationsbesenttoourguests?-Inthreedays.A.Howoften B.Howsoon C.Howlong D.Howfar 3.-______isitfromtheNewTowntotheoldcitycentre?-Lessthan30minutesbyundergroundA.Howsoon B.Howoften C.Howlong D.Howfar二、howmany與howmuch的區(qū)別howmany指數(shù)，其后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Howmanychildrendoeshehave? 他有幾個孩子? howmuch指量，其后接不可數(shù)名詞 Howmuchtimedidyouspendonit? 做此事你花了多少時間? Howmuch或詢問價錢Howmuchisthecoat?這件上衣多少錢? 一、選出最佳答案。()1.DoyouknowAnngoestoworkeveryday? -Usuallybyunderground.A.why B.how C.whenD.whether()2.一doesittakeyoutogettoschoolbybike?-Aboutfifteenminutes.A.Howmany B.HowoftenC.HowlongD.Howfar()3.-Excuseme，isthisT-shirt?--It's88yuan.A.howmuchB.howmanyC.howlongD.howold()4.-willyouaskforhelpwhenyouareintrouble?-Myparents,Ithink.A.Who B.What C.WhereD.When()5.一doyoulikepandas?—Becausetheyareverycute.A.What B.Who C.WhyD.Where()6.一isitfromyourhometothepark?--It'sabouttenminutes'walk.A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowlongD.Howsoon選擇合適的單詞補(bǔ)全短文。Hi,I'mJohn.Iamgoingtoshowyou1.___________(for,around)myhometown.Look,thisismyhouse.It'sonafarm.Ithastwofloors.Thelivingandkitchenareonthe2.___________(first,one)floorandourbedroomsareonethesecondfloor.Mostpeoplehereliveinthehouselikethis.Therearemanyflowersandtreesaroundmyhouse.EverydayIcan3.___________(taste,smell)theflowersandhearthebirdssing.Thereisalakenearmyhouse.Sometimeswe4.___________(drive,ride)abikearoundthelake.Thereareabout100familiesinourtown.Somefamiliesraise(養(yǎng)育)cows,othersgrowrice.Peoplehereknoweachother.Therearebusestothetowneveryday.Usuallymymotherdrivesustheretodotheshopping.Weenjoyourlifehere.Ithinkit'sawonderfulplace5.___________(live,tolive)in.Ihopeyoucancomeandvisititsoon.{課后作業(yè)}一、單項選擇(20x1)()1.Somepeoplearetooshytosayawordinpublic.However,______aren't.A.another B.theother C.others D.theothers ()2.-Doestheticketbelongto?-No,Ithinkitcouldbe_________.A.you;her B.you;hers C.your;her D.yours;hers ()3.-Hi,Jim!_____isTom.Heismygoodfriend.-Hi,Tom!Nicetomeetyou.A.He B.That C.This D.It ()4.-________isyourmother?-Sheis________Englishteacher.A.Who,the B.What,/ C.What,an D.Who,a ()5.-Are____your____?-No,theyaren't.Thosearemine.A.this,book B.that,books C.those,book D.these,books ()6.Ifhedoesn'twanttodothejob,does_____wantto?A.everybodyelse B.anybodyelse C.elseanybody D.elseeverybody ()7.Mr.Robinson,wedidn'tquitefollowyou.Wouldyoupleasegiveus____example?A.other B.another C.theother D.theothers ()8.Pleasegiveme_______chance.A.other B.theother C.another D.theothers ()9.Dearstudents,ifyouneedhelpwith______pleasefeelfreetoaskmeforhelp.A.anything B.nothing C.something D.e