PETS5-Writing-PETS5-寫(xiě)作市公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)省賽課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

第三講、不一樣文體寫(xiě)作規(guī)范和結(jié)構(gòu)1、議論文寫(xiě)作規(guī)范和結(jié)構(gòu)1）寫(xiě)作規(guī)范論點(diǎn)必須明確；用論據(jù)說(shuō)明自己觀點(diǎn)，說(shuō)明持該觀點(diǎn)原因--能夠敘述事實(shí)、解釋看法、擺數(shù)據(jù)和講述親身經(jīng)歷等方法；2）文章結(jié)構(gòu)Partone:列出觀點(diǎn)（須包含主題句）--引發(fā)讀者興趣；提供必要背景信息；列出文章所討論問(wèn)題和自己觀點(diǎn)‘1/15PartTwo:文章主體一要論證自己觀點(diǎn)：解釋自己持該觀點(diǎn)原因并用論據(jù)支持，能夠一個(gè)段落寫(xiě)明一個(gè)原因；二要反駁與己相悖觀點(diǎn)，如對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)有正確一面，可加以必定；PartThree:結(jié)論可對(duì)已敘述觀點(diǎn)做總結(jié)、重申，還能夠號(hào)召人們采取行動(dòng)。2/15應(yīng)試技巧：Step1:讀題目-定觀點(diǎn)-寫(xiě)成主題句；agreeordisagreeStep2:列出持此觀點(diǎn)原因；(severalreasonsmayaccountformysupport/oppositiontothesettingupofprivateschoolsinChina.)Step3:駁相悖觀點(diǎn)；可省略Step4:定結(jié)構(gòu)：按選定結(jié)構(gòu)排列列出觀點(diǎn)和論據(jù)；Step5:寫(xiě)作：注意文章思想前后連貫，句子銜接和流暢。能夠重復(fù)關(guān)鍵詞、使用從句、過(guò)渡詞等；Step7:檢驗(yàn)（語(yǔ)法、拼寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)等）。3/15常見(jiàn)議論文類型寫(xiě)作模板1）現(xiàn)象解釋型：OntheUseofSmartPhone起始段寫(xiě)法方法1),先復(fù)述原題,表明立場(chǎng) Thespeakerassertsthat_________.Althoughthespeaker’spositionisnotwhollyinsupportable,farmorecompellingargumentscanbemadefor_______.方法2),復(fù)述兩種立場(chǎng),表明立場(chǎng)Inrecentyears,therehasbeensomeheateddebatesonthe________.Somepeoplemaintainthat__________,whileotherpeoplearguethat_______.Bycomparison,Itendtofavorthelatterpointofview.4/15拓展段:首先認(rèn)可前者觀點(diǎn)合理之處,然后找到最少兩點(diǎn)壞處Admittedly,thosewhopreachabouttheso-calleddisadvantagesof_____docontainsomeelementoftruth.Forinstance,__________.Nevertheless,thesearguerstendtoneglectthreeotheressentialfactors.First,______.Second,_______.Thirdandlast,_______.Tosumup,thenotionheldbytheauthorisnotjustified.結(jié)論段寫(xiě)法 Giventheconsiderationsabove,itissafetoconcludethat______hasbroughtustoomuchconvenience.Butpropermeasuresshouldbetakentoavoidtheoveruseofsmartphones.Ontheonehand,weshould____.Ontheotherhand,wecannot_____.Onlyinthiswaycanwereallyenjoythebenefitsbroughtby______.5/152)對(duì)比分析/選擇型OnStudyingAbroad1、提出要討論主題，人們對(duì)此看法不一；2、分別敘述人們對(duì)此看法及原因；3、表明自己觀點(diǎn)并給出理由。慣用結(jié)構(gòu)：主題isusuallyanissueofcontroversy.Somepeopletakenohesitationtoclaimthat(一些人觀點(diǎn)).Amongtheirarguments,themajoroneisthat…Asforthesameissue,wealsohearmanydifferentvoices.Alargenumberofpeopleopposetheaboveopinionbysayingthat(另外一些人觀點(diǎn)).Theydohavetheirownreasons.Intheirbelief,加上論據(jù).Tobefrank,itisverydifficultformetosaywhichoneis100%rightasbothopinionsmakesomesense.ButIstillfindmyselfinfavoroftheformer/latteridea.…6/15模板2：OntheUseofInternetforStudentsWheneverwehearpeoplespeakof主題，wewillinstantlyhavetheideathatitisagood/badthingforsb.Indeed,主題hasmanyadvantagestosb.Firstofall–variousresources;besides,convenience;lastbutnotleast,highefficiency。Inthemeantime,weshouldnotneglectthedisadvantagesof主題.Firstofall,unhealthyinformation；Secondly,gettingaddictedtoit.Tosumuptheabovearguments,Ithinkaproperattitudetowards主題isthat…7/153)問(wèn)題處理型DrunkenDriving描述問(wèn)題—分析后果—提出處理辦法或發(fā)出呼吁(主要)慣用結(jié)構(gòu)：---hasbecomeaproblemthatcallsforpromptsolution.Iamgladtoseethatmoreandmorepeoplecometopayattentiontotheaboveproblem.(該問(wèn)題危害)Nobodycandenythat問(wèn)題hasconsiderablenegativeeffects.Amongtheharmfulthings問(wèn)題hasdonetous,theworstoneisthat…Moreover,… Consideringthebadeffectstheproblemhasgivenriseto,wefinditcompellingtodosth.tobringitundercontrol.Ontheonehand,(tobantheadvertisingonthemedia…Ontheotherhand…).8/152、說(shuō)明文1）寫(xiě)作規(guī)范清楚標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：語(yǔ)言特征：多被動(dòng)句；轉(zhuǎn)換句子結(jié)構(gòu)，簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合機(jī)和復(fù)雜句都有，很好表達(dá)主次、因果等關(guān)系2）篇章結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明過(guò)程多遵照時(shí)間次序，可按事實(shí)發(fā)生先后次序解釋步驟和環(huán)境。參考詞語(yǔ)：first,firstly,tobeginwith,initially,secondly,next,then,lastly,thirdly,finally,subsequently,afterthis,beforethis,atthesametime等。9/153、記敘文應(yīng)遵照事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展次序：表時(shí)間次序詞語(yǔ)first,second,third,afterthat,next,meanwhile,before,as,while,afterward,later,when,fromthenon,soonafter,during等；要明確寫(xiě)作目標(biāo)：告訴讀者道理，讓讀者明白某一現(xiàn)象。要有結(jié)局，總結(jié)概括文章中心，點(diǎn)明寫(xiě)作目標(biāo)。10/154、看圖作文出題形式圖表作文普通在題目中給出作文標(biāo)題和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)表格、圓形圖、曲線圖或條形圖，有時(shí)還用英文或漢字提要形式給出提醒，要求我們：1)用文字描述圖表，客觀解釋圖表中所傳遞信息，并找出某種規(guī)律或趨勢(shì)；2)就圖表中所反應(yīng)某種趨勢(shì)或問(wèn)題分析其原因或后果；11/15圖表作文重視說(shuō)明事實(shí)，常經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)圖表中反應(yīng)詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明、分析和比較，對(duì)某種事物或現(xiàn)象事實(shí)或改變加以說(shuō)明，并提出結(jié)論和看法。所以，圖表作文經(jīng)常采取議論文體寫(xiě)作方法。

寫(xiě)作步驟1)認(rèn)真分析圖表含義，搞清圖表中所含信息及不一樣信息間關(guān)系；2)確定文章主題思想，構(gòu)思出文章基本框架，篩選出能說(shuō)明圖表主題思想經(jīng)典數(shù)據(jù)；12/153)編列文章提要；4)依據(jù)文章提要，將各段提要內(nèi)容擴(kuò)展成段落，然后將各個(gè)段落組成文章，注意段與段之間銜接與過(guò)渡。篇章結(jié)構(gòu)寫(xiě)圖表作文時(shí)，常采取三段式陳說(shuō)方式。文章第一段往往分析圖表中數(shù)據(jù)改變反應(yīng)什么問(wèn)題或趨勢(shì)，概述圖表所揭示信息。第二段分析造成這一問(wèn)題或趨勢(shì)原因。第三段則展望未來(lái)情況或提出處理問(wèn)題方法或提議。這一結(jié)構(gòu)能夠簡(jiǎn)單地表述為：

13/15第一段：概述圖表反應(yīng)主題思想（總趨勢(shì)+極端值+特點(diǎn)，時(shí)態(tài)）；第二段：分析產(chǎn)生原因；第三段：展望未來(lái)或提出方法或提議；慣用句型(1)慣用開(kāi)篇句型：即概述圖表內(nèi)容時(shí)慣用表示法According

to

the

table/pie

chart/line

graph/bar

graph,

we

can

see/conclude

that

…The

table/graph

reveals

(shows/indicates/illustrates/

represents/points

ou