2022-2023學(xué)年河北省唐山市灤南縣高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河北省唐山市灤南縣2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ADiscover-It-Yourself(DIY)Visitsareself-guidedfieldtripstotheBayAreaDiscoveryMuseumforstudents.DIYVisitsareagreatoptionforpreschoolsandearlyprimaryclassroomslookingforasharededucationalexperience.DIYVisitsprovidetimedexitatalowerpriceforgroupsof10-80childrenpluschaperones(在場(chǎng)監(jiān)護(hù)人).Thisoptionprovidesupto2.5hoursatthemuseumandvisitorscanexploreataspeedthatiscomfortableforthem.GroupVisitsNotaschoolbutvisitingthemuseumwithmorethan10kids?Makeagroupreservation(預(yù)定)andsave!Reservationsmustbemadeinadvancetoreceivethelowerprice.Wehavetherighttoturnawaygroupswhodonothavereservationsinordertomaintainapropernumberforsafetyreasons.Museummembercards,passes,orotherspecialticketsarenoteffectivepaymentforgroupvisits.DetailsOpenTime:Wednesday-FridayTiming:2.5-hourperiodsstartingat9:15am,9:45amor10pmGradeLevels:Preschool-3rdgradeGroupSize:10-80students;1adultrequiredforevery5studentsPrice：$9.95perpersonPreferredVehicleProviderBookabusforyourmuseumvisitwithMichael’TransportationServicesat70764320991.WhoareDIYVisitsmainlyintendedfor?A.Guides. B.Students. C.Parents. D.Teachers.2.Howmanyadultsarerequiredforagroupof80students?A.10. B.12. C.16. D.20.3.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Anewsreport.C.Astorybook. D.Abookreview.〖答案〗1.B2.C3.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了灣區(qū)探索博物館中自行探索參觀的一些信息。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Discover-It-Yourself(DIY)Visitsareself-guidedfieldtripstotheBayAreaDiscoveryMuseumforstudents.(自行探索參觀是針對(duì)學(xué)生的在灣區(qū)探索博物館的自助實(shí)地考察旅行)”可知，自行探索參觀是為學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)的活動(dòng)。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Details下面的“GroupSize:10-80students;1adultrequiredforevery5students(團(tuán)體規(guī)模：10-80名學(xué)生；每5名學(xué)生需要1名成年人)”可知，每5名學(xué)生需要1名成年人，所以80名學(xué)生需要的成年人數(shù)量為：80÷5=16名。故選C?！?題詳析】文章出處題。通讀全文并結(jié)合文中的GroupVisits和Details可知，本文介紹了灣區(qū)探索博物館中自行探索參觀的一些信息。由此推知，本文可能出自一本旅行指南。故選A。BInEnglishit’scommontosay,“Iknowthistownlikethebackofmyhand!”Whilewemayknowourtownsreallywell,howwelldoweactuallyknowourhands?Maybenotquiteaswellaswethink,saidascientificstudy.MatthewLongoandhisteamfromUniversityCollegeLondonstudiedthelefthandsof100people.Withtheirhandsplacedpalms(手掌)downunderaboard,Longo’steamgavetheinstructiontopointtotheirknuckles(指關(guān)節(jié))andfingertipswithamarker.Howdidtheydo?Notthatwell.“Peoplethinktheirhandiswiderthanitactuallyis,”saidLongo.Hesaidtheyalsoseemedtothinktheirfingerswereshorterthantheirtruelengths.Peopleweremostaccuratewhenfindingtheirthumbs,butbecamelessaccuratewitheachfinger,uptotheirpinkies.“Itisconnectedtooursenseofposition,”explainedLongo.Humansknowwheredifferentpartsofourbodiesare,evenifwecan’tseethem.“Ittellsuswhetherajoint(關(guān)節(jié))isstraightornot,”saidLongo.“Wealsoneedtoknowthedistancesbetweenourjoints,”hewenton.Ourbrainsknowthesizesandshapesofourbodiesfromthemapstheymakeforthemselves.“Thisexperimenttriedtofindthosemaps,”hesaid.Maybemapsdon’tneedtobeperfect.Butwhyaren’tourbrainsmoreaccurate?Longosaidourbrains“see”areasbasedonoursenseoftouch,withthestrongerthesenseoftouchinaspecificbodypart,thebiggerthatbodypartseems.Anexampleisourlips.Astheyhavemorenervesthanournoses,ourbrain’smapshowsourlipsarebigger.Thesamethingcanhappenwithbodypartsthathavealotofnerves.Ifyou’veeverhadsomethingstuckinyourteeth,itprobablyfelthuge!That’sbecauseourtonguesalsohavelotsofnerves.Ifyouwanttohavesomefun,trythistestwithyourclassmates.Getsomeboardsandsomemarkersandhavethemmarkthespotswheretheythinktheirknucklesandfingertipsare.Comparetheirhandstothemarkerspotsandseehowwelltheyhaveperformed.4.Theunderlinedsentence“Iknowthistownlikethebackofmyhand!”inParagraph1isusedto_____.A.tellthereadershowwelltheauthorknowshistownB.introducethetopicofthepassageC.makethereadersknowmoreabouttheirhandsD.showthereadersamapofone’sbody5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Peopleknowtheirhandsmuchbetterthantheresearchersthink.B.One’slipsaremuchbiggerthanone’snose.C.Oursenseoftouchhelpsustoknowaboutourbodyparts.D.TheexperimentbyMatthewLongoproveduseless.6.TheunderlinedwordthumbsinParagraph3probablyis_____.A.apartofone’shand B.thenameofoneoftheresearchersC.atoolfortheexperiment D.awaytofinishtheresearch7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.HowtoknowaboutourhandsB.OurBrain’sMagic“Map”C.AStudybyMatthewLongoD.OurHandsandOurTown〖答案〗4.B5.C6.A7.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了人們并不像自己以為的那樣了解自己手的尺寸，因?yàn)榇竽X“看”身體的區(qū)域是基于觸覺，所以大腦會(huì)扭曲人們對(duì)自己身體的認(rèn)知?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。文章開頭“InEnglishit’scommontosay,‘Iknowthistownlikethebackofmyhand!’(在英語(yǔ)中，我們常說(shuō)：‘我對(duì)這個(gè)城市了如指掌！’)”提到一個(gè)關(guān)于手的諺語(yǔ)，根據(jù)本段最后一句“Maybenotquiteaswellaswethink,saidascientificstudy.(一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究表明，可能沒有我們想象的那么好)”以及后文主要講述的就是我們并不是很了解我們的手可知，畫線句是用來(lái)引入本文話題。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Humansknowwheredifferentpartsofourbodiesare,evenifwecan’tseethem.(人類知道我們身體的不同部位在哪里，即使我們看不見它們)”和第五段中“Longosaidourbrains‘see’areasbasedonoursenseoftouch(Longo說(shuō)，我們的大腦‘看到’的區(qū)域是基于我們的觸覺)”可知，我們?cè)诳床灰姷那闆r下也知道身體部位的位置，這是基于我們的觸覺，故我們的觸覺幫助我們了解身體部位。故選C?！?題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Hesaidtheyalsoseemedtothinktheirfingerswereshorterthantheirtruelengths.(他說(shuō)大家似乎認(rèn)為自己的手指比實(shí)際長(zhǎng)度短)”及下文“butbecamelessaccuratewitheachfinger,uptotheirpinkies(但越指向小拇指，準(zhǔn)確率就越低)”可知，本段是Longo團(tuán)隊(duì)關(guān)于手指的一些研究結(jié)果，故thumbs是指“拇指”，是手的一部分，故選A。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第四段中“Ourbrainsknowthesizesandshapesofourbodiesfromthemapstheymakeforthemselves.(我們的大腦根據(jù)自己繪制的地圖，來(lái)了解我們身體的大小和形狀)”可知，文章介紹了人們并不像自己以為的那樣了解自己手的尺寸，因?yàn)榇竽X根據(jù)自己繪制的地圖，來(lái)了解我們身體的大小和形狀，大腦“看”身體的區(qū)域是基于觸覺，所以大腦會(huì)扭曲人們對(duì)自己身體的認(rèn)知。B項(xiàng)“我們大腦的神奇‘地圖’”為最佳標(biāo)題，故選B。CForty-threeyearsseemslikealongtimetorememberthenameofamereacquaintance(認(rèn)識(shí)的人).IhaveforgottenthenameoftheoldladytowhomIdeliverednewspapersbutIcan’tforgetthelessonshetaughtmeinforgiveness.Onawinterafternoon,afriendandIwerethrowingstonesontotheroofoftheoldlady’shouse.Ifoundmyselfaperfectlysmoothrockandthrewitout.

Thestonewastoosmooth,however,soitslippedfrommyhandasIletitgoandheadedstraightnotfortheroofbutforasmallwindowofthehouse.Atthesoundofbrokenglass,weknewwewereintrouble.Weturnedandranawayfast.Iwastooscaredaboutgettingcaughtthatfirstnightbytheoldladywiththebrokenwindow.

However,afewdayslater,whenIwassurethatIhadn’tbeendiscovered,Istartedtofeelguiltyforhermisfortune.ShestillgreetedmewithasmileeachdaywhenIgaveherthepaper,butIwasnolongerabletoactcomfortableinherpresence.ImadeupmymindthatIwouldsavemypaperdeliverymoney,andinthreeweeksIhadthesevendollarsthatIthoughtwouldcoverthecostofherwindow.IputthemoneyinanenvelopewithanoteexplainingthatIwassorryforbreakingherwindowandhopedthatthesevendollarswouldcoverthecostforrepairingit.Iwaiteduntildark,andputtheletterIdidn’tsigninherletterbox.Thenextday,IhandedtheoldladyherpaperandwasabletoreturnthewarmsmilethatIwasreceivingfromher.Shethankedmeforthepaperandgavemeabagofcookiesshehadmadeherself.Ithankedherandatethecookieshappily.Afterseveralcookies,Ifeltanenvelopeandpulleditoutofthebag.WhenIopenedtheenvelope,Iwasstunned.Insidewerethesevendollarsandashortnotethatsaid,“I’mproudofyou.”8.Whathappenedwhentheauthorbroketheoldlady’swindow?A.Hewascaughtred-handed. B.Hethoughthewasnotdiscovered.C.Heleftsevendollarsrightnow. D.Hereportedtothepoliceatonce.9.Whatistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Theauthorborrowedsevendollarstogivetotheoldlady.B.Theauthorfeltquiteallrightaftertheaccident.C.Theoldladyhadalreadydiscoveredwhobrokeherwindow.D.Theoldladykeptthemoneygivenbytheboy.10.Wemayknowfromthepassagethattheoldladywas_____.A.critical B.suspicious C.generous D.gentle11.Theauthorwrotethepassageto_____.A.tellthereadersthelifestoryofaniceoldladyB.tellthereadersalessonherememberedfor43yearsC.talkabouthispaper-deliveryadventureD.talkaboutayoungboy’sinterestingstory〖答案〗8.B9.C10.C11.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者43年前一次打破了鄰居家老太太的窗戶，出于害怕，作者逃跑了。之后作者為此感到內(nèi)疚，于是通過(guò)送報(bào)紙把窗戶的錢補(bǔ)上了，結(jié)果第二天作者給老太太送報(bào)紙時(shí)，老太太送了一袋餅干，里面正裝著作者賠償窗戶的錢以及一張紙條，寫著“我為你感到驕傲”。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“However,afewdayslater,whenIwassurethatIhadn’tbeendiscovered,Istartedtofeelguiltyforhermisfortune.(然而，幾天后，當(dāng)我確信我沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，我開始為她的不幸感到內(nèi)疚)”以及最后一段“WhenIopenedtheenvelope,Iwasstunned.Insidewerethesevendollarsandashortnotethatsaid,“I’mproudofyou.”(里面是七美元和一張便條，上面寫著：“我為你感到驕傲?！?”可知，當(dāng)作者打破老太太的窗戶時(shí)，他以為沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“WhenIopenedtheenvelope,Iwasstunned.Insidewerethesevendollarsandashortnotethatsaid,“I’mproudofyou.”(里面是七美元和一張便條，上面寫著：“我為你感到驕傲?！?”可知，C選項(xiàng)“老婦人已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)是誰(shuí)打破了她的窗戶”正確。故選C?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Shethankedmeforthepaperandgavemeabagofcookiesshehadmadeherself.(她感謝我的報(bào)紙，并給了我一袋她自己做的餅干)”以及最后一段“WhenIopenedtheenvelope,Iwasstunned.Insidewerethesevendollarsandashortnotethatsaid,“I’mproudofyou.”(里面是七美元和一張便條，上面寫著：“我為你感到驕傲?！?”可推知，這位老婦人很慷慨。故選C?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Forty-threeyearsseemslikealongtimetorememberthenameofamereacquaintance(認(rèn)識(shí)的人).(要記住一個(gè)熟人的名字，43年似乎是很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了作者43年前一次打破了鄰居家老太太的窗戶，出于害怕，作者逃跑了。之后作者為此感到內(nèi)疚，于是通過(guò)送報(bào)紙把窗戶的錢補(bǔ)上了，結(jié)果第二天作者給老太太送報(bào)紙時(shí)，老太太送了一袋餅干，里面正裝著作者賠償窗戶的錢以及一張紙條，寫著“我為你感到驕傲”?？赏浦?，作者寫這篇文章是為了告訴讀者一個(gè)他銘記了43年的教訓(xùn)。故選B。DNowadays,plasticwasteisachallengingproblemallovertheworld.Scientistworldwideareworkinghardtofindwaystorecycletheplasticwastestosavetheearthfromthewhitedisaster.Australianscientistshavefoundaspeciesofwormthatcaneatpolystyrene(聚苯乙烯)couldbethekeytoplasticrecycling.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofQueenslandinAustraliadiscoveredthecommonZophobasmorio“superworm”caneatthroughpolystyrene,thankstoabacterialenzyme(酶)intheirgut(腸道).Dr.ChrisRinkeandhisteamfromUQ’sSchoolofChemistryandMolecularBiosciencesfedsuperwormsdifferentdietsoverathree-weekperiod,withsomegivenpolystyrene,somegrainandothershadnothingtoeat.“Wefoundthesuperwormsfedadietofjustpolystyrenenotonlysurvived,butevenhadslightweightgains,”Dr.Rinkesaid.“Thissuggeststhewormscangetenergyfromthepolystyrene,mostlikelywiththehelpofthemicrobes(微生物)intheirguts.”“Superwormsarelikeminirecyclingplants,tearingthepolystyreneintopieceswiththeirmouthsandthenfeedingittothebacteriaintheirgut,”Dr.Rinkesaid.It’shopedthisbio-upcyclingwillincreaseplasticwasterecyclingandreducelandfill.Thelong-termgoalistoengineerenzymestodegrade(分解)plasticwasteinrecyclingplantsthroughmechanicalshredding,andwhenplasticwasteistornintopieces,bacterialenzymefromthesuperwormscanfinishtheenzymaticbiodegradationprocess.Co-authoroftheresearch,JiaruiSun,saidtheyaimtogrowthegutbacteriainthelabandfurthertestitsabilitytodegradepolystyrene.“Wecanthenlookintohowwecanimprovethisprocesstoalevelrequiredforanentirerecyclingplant,”Ms.Sunsaid.12.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“superworms”?A.Theyareonastrictdiet.B.Theyareverylarge.C.Theycandigestpolystyrene.D.Theycaneatmicrobes.13.Howcanpeopleusethe“superworms”todegradeplasticwaste?A.Byputtinglotsofsuperwormsintherecyclingplants.B.Byputtinglargeamountofenzymeontheplasticwaste.C.Bybuildingmorerecyclingplantstodegradeplasticwaste.D.Bytearingplasticwasteintopiecesanddegradingitbyenzyme.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheresearchmentionedinthepassage?A.doubtful B.concerned C.positive D.negative15.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thesuperwormsarenowbeingwidelyusedtorecycleplasticwaste.B.Plasticwasteisnotreallyaseriousproblempeoplearefacingnow.C.Allsuperwormsintheexperimentweregivenpolystyrenetostudytheirabilitytodegradeit.D.Scientistsaretryingtogrowthegutbacteriainthelabtotestitsabilitytodegradepolystyrene.〖答案〗12.C13.D14.C15.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。白色垃圾是全世界的一個(gè)有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題，而澳大利亞的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)一種吃聚苯乙烯的蠕蟲可能是塑料回收的關(guān)鍵。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofQueenslandinAustraliadiscoveredthecommonZophobasmorio‘superworm’caneatthroughpolystyrene,thankstoabacterialenzyme(酶)intheirgut(腸道).(澳大利亞昆士蘭大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，常見的超級(jí)麥皮蟲‘超級(jí)蠕蟲’可以吃透聚苯乙烯，多虧了其腸道中的一種細(xì)菌酶。)”可知，超級(jí)蠕蟲可以消化聚苯乙烯。故選C。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thelong-termgoalistoengineerenzymestodegrade(分解)plasticwasteinrecyclingplantsthroughmechanicalshredding,andwhenplasticwasteistornintopieces,bacterialenzymefromthesuperwormscanfinishtheenzymaticbiodegradationprocess.(長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)是設(shè)計(jì)制造酶，通過(guò)機(jī)械粉碎來(lái)降解回收工廠中的塑料垃圾，當(dāng)塑料垃圾被撕成碎片時(shí)，超級(jí)蠕蟲里的細(xì)菌酶可以完成酶生物降解過(guò)程。)”可知，人們用超級(jí)蠕蟲來(lái)降解塑料垃圾的方式是：通過(guò)粉碎塑料垃圾并用酶來(lái)降解。故選D。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Scientistworldwideareworkinghardtofindwaystorecycletheplasticwastestosavetheearthfromthewhitedisaster.(世界各地的科學(xué)家都在努力尋找回收塑料垃圾的方法，以將地球從白色災(zāi)難中拯救出來(lái)。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為尋找回收塑料垃圾的方法刻不容緩。再結(jié)合第二段中的“Australianscientistshavefoundaspeciesofwormthatcaneatpolystyrene(聚苯乙烯)couldbethekeytoplasticrecycling.(澳大利亞科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，一種可以吃聚苯乙烯的蠕蟲可能是塑料回收的關(guān)鍵。)”可知，作者表示澳大利亞的科學(xué)家找到的回收方法可能很有效。由此可推知，作者對(duì)澳大利亞研究者們所進(jìn)行的研究持積極態(tài)度。故選C?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Co-authoroftheresearch,JiaruiSun,saidtheyaimtogrowthegutbacteriainthelabandfurthertestitsabilitytodegradepolystyrene.(該研究的合著者孫家瑞表示，他們的目標(biāo)是在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中培養(yǎng)腸道細(xì)菌，并進(jìn)一步測(cè)試其降解聚苯乙烯的能力。)”可知，科學(xué)家們正努力在實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育腸道細(xì)菌，以測(cè)試其降解聚苯乙烯的能力。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Sometimesyoumaybefacedwithhomeworkstressanddoinghomeworkeverydayevenbecomesaheavyburden(負(fù)擔(dān)).However,itcanbeasatisfyingexperienceifwellorganized.____16____Pickapropertimeandworkplace.Eachstudentisdifferent.Somestudentsareusedtodoingtheirhomeworkrightafterschool,whileothersprefertostartlaterafterashortrest.Differentstudentsworkbestatdifferenttime.____17____Agoodlearningenvironmentwillalsohelpyouconcentratewell,sotoocomfortableoruncomfortablechairs,strongsmellorextremetemperatureshouldbeavoided.____18____Figureouthowmuchhomeworkyouhavetodoeveryday.Andlistallyourhomeworkyouhavetodoinanotebookoradayplanner.Focusononetaskatatime.It’snotagoodideatodoseveraltasksatatimeasyoucan’tconcentrateonseveralthingsatthesametime.Alwaysdothemostimportantthingfirst,oryouwillgetstressedifyouleaveituntilthelastminute.Setreminders.Asyouhavegotalotofthingsgoingon,it’seasytoforgetaboutsometasks.____19____Inthisway,youcannevermissdeadlines(最后期限).Balanceyourstudyandlife.____20____Youneedenoughtimeforsleep,well-balancedmealsandregularexercisetodevelopyourbodyandimproveyourbrainpower.Onlywhenyoukeepahealthylifestylecanyoubemoreactiveinyourschoolwork.A.Makeaschedule.B.Youarenotamachine.C.Herearesometipstohelpyou.D.Joinastudygroup.E.You’dbetterturntheWi-Fioffwhiledoinghomework.F.Youjustfindaperiodoftimewhenyoucanconcentratewell.G.Analarmclockoramobilephonetosetdailyremindersisnecessary.〖答案〗16.C17.F18.A19.G20.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，提出了一些關(guān)于做作業(yè)的建議?！?6題詳析】上文“However,itcanbeasatisfyingexperienceifwellorganized.(然而，如果安排得當(dāng)，做作業(yè)可能是一次令人滿意的體驗(yàn)。)”講述了做作業(yè)可以變得容易，下文分段提出了四點(diǎn)建議，所以空處應(yīng)承上啟下，C項(xiàng)“這里有一些建議可以幫助你?！狈项}意。故選C。【17題詳析】上文“Somestudentsareusedtodoingtheirhomeworkrightafterschool,whileothersprefertostartlaterafterashortrest.Differentstudentsworkbestatdifferenttime.(一些學(xué)生習(xí)慣于放學(xué)后馬上做作業(yè)，而另一些學(xué)生則喜歡在短暫休息后晚一點(diǎn)開始。不同的學(xué)生在不同的時(shí)間做得最好。)”講述了不同的學(xué)生有不同注意力集中高峰時(shí)間，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“你只需找到可以很好地集中注意力的一段時(shí)間?！背薪由衔?，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中的“time”與前句的“time”相照應(yīng)，“concentratewell”與前句的“workbest”是同義替換。故選F。【18題詳析】空處是本段主旨句。下文“Andlistallyourhomeworkyouhavetodoinanotebookoradayplanner.(把你必須做的所有作業(yè)都列在筆記本或計(jì)劃表上。)”指出了做計(jì)劃的必要性。A項(xiàng)“制訂一個(gè)時(shí)間表”與其表述一致。故選A?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)本段主旨句“Setreminders.(設(shè)置提醒)”可知，G項(xiàng)中的“setdailyreminders”與其相照應(yīng)。故選G?！?0題詳析】本段主旨句為“Balanceyourstudyandlife.(平衡學(xué)習(xí)和生活。)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)了學(xué)習(xí)和生活之間要把握平衡。下文“Youneedenoughtimeforsleep,well-balancedmealsandregularexercisetodevelopyourbodyandimproveyourbrainpower.(你需要足夠的時(shí)間睡眠、均衡飲食和定期鍛煉，以發(fā)展你的身體并提高你的腦力。)”講述了學(xué)習(xí)之外睡眠、飲食和鍛煉的重要性，說(shuō)明了不能一直學(xué)習(xí)。B項(xiàng)“你不是機(jī)器。”最能引出下文。故選B。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Averyspecialteacherinahighschoolhadahusbandwhodiedsuddenlyofaheartattack.Aboutaweekafterhisdeath,she____21____someofherthoughtswithaclassroomofstudents.Witha____22____lookonherface,shepausedandsaid,“Beforeclassis____23____,IwouldliketosharewithallofyouathoughtwhichIfeelisveryimportant.Eachofusisputhereonearthtolearn,share,love,appreciateandgiveofourselves—andnoneofusknows____24____thisfantasticexperiencewillend.Itcanbe____25____atanymoment.Perhapsthisisa____26____thatwemustmakethemostoutofeverysingleday.”Hereyes____27____towater,shewenton,“SoIwouldlikeyoualltomakemeapromise—fromnowon,____28____yourwaytoschool,oronyourwayhome,findsomething____29____tonotice.Thosecanbeverylittlethings,althoughitmaysoundsillytosomepeople,thesethingsarethestuffoflife.Wemustmake_____30_____importanttonoticethem,foratanytime…itcanallbetakenaway.”Theclasswascompletelyquiet.Weall_____31_____ourbooksandfiledoutoftheroom_____32_____.Thatafternoon,Inoticedmorethingsonmywayhomefromschool_____33_____Ihadthatwholesemester.Everyonceinawhile,Ithinkofthatteacherandrememberwhatan_____34_____shemadeonallus,andItrytoappreciateallofthosethings_____35_____sometimeswealloverlook.21.A.taught B.shared C.learned D.explained22.A.gentle B.angry C.excited D.surprised23.A.on B.over C.off D.away24.A.that B.which C.when D.while25.A.drivenin B.takenaway C.sentoff D.threwaway26.A.lesson B.lecture C.sign D.regret27.A.begin B.tobegin C.beginning D.begun28.A.in B.on C.off D.by29.A.strange B.beautiful C.normal D.little30.A.it B.this C.that D.them31.A.pickedup B.laiddown C.lookedinto D.passedon32.A.amusedly B.silently C.willingly D.carefully33.A.that B.so C.until D.than34.A.impression B.expression C.concern D.attitude35.A.that B.which C.why D.where〖答案〗21.B22.A23.B24.C25.B26.C27.C28.B29.B30.A31.A32.B33.D34.A35.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一位突然失去丈夫的老師告訴學(xué)生們要留意生活中的美好，學(xué)會(huì)欣賞?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在他死后大約一周，她便把她的一些所思所想給全班學(xué)生分享。A.taught教授，教；B.shared分享；C.learned學(xué)習(xí)；D.explained解釋。根據(jù)空后的“someofherthoughtswithaclassroomofstudents”可知，這里是說(shuō)和全班學(xué)生分享自己的所思所想。sharesth.withsb.意為“和某人分享某物”。下文中的“Iwouldliketosharewithallofyouathought”也是〖提示〗。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她臉上帶著溫柔的表情，稍稍停頓了一下，便開始講話。A.gentle溫柔的，柔和的；B.angry生氣的；C.excited興奮的，激動(dòng)的；D.surprised驚訝的。根據(jù)所說(shuō)的話中的“Eachofusisputhereonearthtolearn,share,love,appreciateandgiveofourselves...andnoneofusknows________thisfantasticexperiencewillend.(我們每個(gè)人都置身于地球上學(xué)習(xí)、分享、愛護(hù)、欣賞和付出自我——卻沒有一個(gè)人知道這種美好的體驗(yàn)什么時(shí)候就會(huì)結(jié)束了。)”可知，老師是總結(jié)自己的人生感悟，并把它分享給自己的學(xué)生，所以她內(nèi)心是希望學(xué)生們能夠達(dá)到自己的期望的，故這里她是滿懷柔情地對(duì)學(xué)生說(shuō)。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在放學(xué)前，我想跟你們所有人分享一種我認(rèn)為很重要的想法。A.on開著的；B.over結(jié)束的；C.off不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的；D.away(球隊(duì)比賽的)客場(chǎng)的。上文中的“she_______someofherthoughtswithaclassroomofstudents”表明老師是在課堂上分享自己的感悟，所以這里是說(shuō)在放學(xué)前。故選B?！?4題詳析】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：我們每個(gè)人都置身于地球上學(xué)習(xí)、分享、愛護(hù)、欣賞和付出自我——卻沒有一個(gè)人知道這種美好的體驗(yàn)什么時(shí)候就會(huì)結(jié)束了。A.that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)無(wú)詞義；B.which哪一個(gè)，哪些；C.when何時(shí)；D.while然而。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)。故選C?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：它隨時(shí)都可能被帶走。A.drivenin駛?cè)耄籅.takenaway帶走；C.sentoff寄出；D.threwaway扔掉。上文中的“noneofusknows________thisfantasticexperiencewillend”說(shuō)明不知道什么時(shí)候這種美好的體驗(yàn)就會(huì)結(jié)束，所以這里是說(shuō)美好的體驗(yàn)在任何時(shí)候都有可能被帶走。故選B。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：也許這預(yù)示著我們必須最大限度地利用每一天。A.lesson課；B.lecture講座；C.sign標(biāo)志，跡象，預(yù)兆；D.regret遺憾。根據(jù)上文中的“Itcanbe________atanymoment.(它隨時(shí)都可能被帶走。)”和空后的“thatwemustmakethemostoutofeverysingleday”可知，這里是說(shuō)這是一種預(yù)示。故選C?！?7題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：她的眼睛開始濕潤(rùn)了，她接著說(shuō)道。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，shewenton...是一個(gè)完整的句子，前面的部分有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，且前后沒有連接詞連接，所以空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Hereyes和begin之間是主謂關(guān)系，且這里表示伴隨，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故選C?！?8題詳析】 考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：因此我想讓你們每個(gè)人答應(yīng)我——從今以后，在你上學(xué)或者放學(xué)的路上，要發(fā)現(xiàn)一些美麗的事物。A.in在……方面；B.on在……上；C.off距，離；D.by靠近，以……方式。由下文“yourwaytoschool,oronyourwayhome,”可知，此處表示在你上學(xué)或者放學(xué)的路上，onone’swayto...意為“在去……的路上”。故選B?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.strange奇怪的；B.beautiful美麗的；美好的；C.normal正常的；D.little小的。根據(jù)上文中的“thisfantasticexperience”可知，美好的體驗(yàn)對(duì)應(yīng)的是美好的事物。故選B。【30題詳析】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：我們必須讓注意它們變得重要起來(lái)，因?yàn)檎f(shuō)不定在什么時(shí)候，它就被帶走了。A.it它，也可用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)；B.this這個(gè)；C.that那個(gè)；D.them它們。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這里是“makeit+adj.+todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是其后的不定式。故選A?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我們都收拾起課本，一個(gè)個(gè)默默地走出教室。A.pickedup收拾，整理；B.laiddown放下；C.lookedinto調(diào)查；D.passedon轉(zhuǎn)交。根據(jù)空后的“filedoutoftheroom”可知，放學(xué)了，所以要收拾課本離開教室。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.amusedly愉快地；B.silently沉默地；C.willingly愿意地；D.carefully小心地。根據(jù)前一句“Theclasswascompletelyquiet.(教室里完全安靜下來(lái)。)”可知，安靜的教室中學(xué)生都沉默地離開。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：那天下午，在放學(xué)回家的路上我注意到很多事物，比我那整個(gè)學(xué)期發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物還要多。A.that可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句；B.so因此；C.until直到……才；D.than比。根據(jù)句中的“morethings”可知，這里是將那天下午發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物和那整個(gè)學(xué)期發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物進(jìn)行比較，應(yīng)用than。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不時(shí)地，我會(huì)想到那位老師，回憶起她給我們大家留下的深刻印象，我盡力去欣賞有時(shí)我們都忽略的東西。A.impression印象；B.expression表達(dá)；C.concern擔(dān)憂；D.attitude態(tài)度。makeanimpressiononsb.意為“給某人留下印象”。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞指人或物；B.which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞指物；C.why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞指原因；D.where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞為表地點(diǎn)的名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為allofthosethings。當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常用that引導(dǎo)。故選A。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheWorldwatchInstitutesaysthatdeforestation(采伐森林)hasbeenspeedingoverthelast30years.But,Lomborg,____36____researcherfromNewYorkUniversity,saysthatissimplynottrue.Sincethebeginningofagriculturetheworldhaslostabout20%ofitsforestcover,____37____inrecentdecadestheforestarea’sreducinghascometoastop.AccordingtoUNreports,theareaofforeststakesupabout30%oftotallandarea,____38____(remain)almoststeadysince1940s.ForestsincountriessuchastheUS,UKandCanadahave____39____(actual)beenincreasingoverthepast40years.DespiteallthewarningstheAmazonrainforesthasonlydecreased____40____about15%.Norareallourspecies____41____(die)out.Someresearcherssaythat50%ofallspecieswillhavediedoutwithin50years.Butotherstudiesshowonly0.08%ofspeciesaredyingouteachyear.Efforts____42____havebeenmadeinthepastyearshavebeensuccessful.Whalesarenolongerthreatenedandthebaldeagle(禿鷹)isoffthe____43____(endanger)list.Environmentalgroupsstatethatmanyofthe____44____(improve)aretheresultsoftheircampaigns.StephenTindale,directorofGreenpeaceUK,said,“_____45_____isarelieftoseethatthingsweren’tasbadaspredicted,andthat’sbecauseourbehaviorchanged.”〖答案〗36.a37.but38.remaining39.actually40.by41.dying42.that##which43.endangered44.improvements45.It【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究表明，由于人類行為的改變，森林和物種并沒有像預(yù)想的那樣繼續(xù)惡化，反而有了改善?！?6題詳析】考查冠詞。句意：但是，紐約大學(xué)的研究員Lomborg說(shuō)，這根本不是真的。根據(jù)句意，這里是說(shuō)Lomborg是紐約大學(xué)的一名研究員，而紐約大學(xué)有許多研究員，所以這里表示泛指。且researcher的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，所以應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。故填a?！?7題詳析】考查連詞。句意：自農(nóng)業(yè)開始以來(lái)，世界森林覆蓋已經(jīng)失去了約20%，但近幾十年來(lái)，森林面積的減少已經(jīng)停止。上文說(shuō)森林覆蓋自農(nóng)業(yè)開始以來(lái)就減少了，下文說(shuō)近幾十年來(lái)這種減少已經(jīng)停止，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填but?！?8題詳析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)的報(bào)告，森林面積約占總土地面積的30%，自20世紀(jì)40年代以來(lái)一直保持基本穩(wěn)定。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，句子的謂語(yǔ)為takes，所以空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語(yǔ)theareaofforests和動(dòng)詞remain之間是主謂關(guān)系，且這里表示伴隨，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。故填remaining。【39題詳析】考查副詞。句意：美國(guó)、英國(guó)和加拿大等國(guó)的森林在過(guò)去40年中實(shí)際上一直在增加?？仗帒?yīng)用副詞修飾havebeenincreasing。actually意為“實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上”。故填actually?！?0題詳析】考查介詞。句意：盡管有所有這些警告，但亞馬遜雨林只減少了約15%。decreaseby...意為“減少了……”，為固定搭配。故填by?！?1題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們所有的物種也沒有即將消亡。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，本句Nor置于句首，使用了部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意和下句中的“50%ofallspecieswillhavediedout”可知，這里是說(shuō)將來(lái)的事情，應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞為瞬間動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以用“be+現(xiàn)在分詞”表示將來(lái)。本句中be動(dòng)詞are提到了主語(yǔ)allourspecies之前，所以空處應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞。故填dying。【42題詳析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：在過(guò)去幾年中所做的努力已經(jīng)取得了成功。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞Efforts，指物，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用which或that引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。【43題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：鯨魚不再受到威脅，并且禿鷹也從瀕危名單中去除了。根據(jù)空前的the和空后的list可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞。endangered“瀕危的”符合題意。故填endangered?！?4題詳析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：環(huán)保組織表示，許多改善都是他們運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)果。根據(jù)空前的manyof可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。improvement意為“改善處，改善的事物”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞。故填improvements?！?5題詳析】考查代詞。句意：英國(guó)綠色和平組織主任StephenTindale表示，“看到情況沒有預(yù)測(cè)的那么糟糕，我們松了一口氣，這是因?yàn)槲覀兊男袨榘l(fā)生了變化。”分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這里應(yīng)用It作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式短語(yǔ)。也可將Itisarelieftodosth.看作固定結(jié)構(gòu)。故填I(lǐng)t。第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)：應(yīng)用文寫作（滿分15分）46.假如你叫李華，你所在學(xué)校要舉辦英語(yǔ)演講比賽，你的演講內(nèi)容為中學(xué)生如何在學(xué)校和生活中保證自己的安全（道路安全、飲食安全、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全等）。請(qǐng)你寫一篇演講稿。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Howtokeepsafe?Asteenagersweshouldalwayskeepsafetyinmind.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________〖答案〗范文Howtokeepsafe?Asteenagers,weshouldalwayskeepsafetyinmind.First,weshouldbecarefulwhenwemakefriends,especiallyonline.Wemustn’ttrustpeopletooeasilyandmustkeepourowninformationsafe.Second,weoughttoeathealthilyandsafely.Eatingfoodthatgoesbadorjunkfoodwilldoharmtoourhealth.Also,whenweareontheroad,wemustlookoutforcarscomingandgoing.Ifweareindanger,wemustcallthepoliceforhelpintimesothatwecankeepourselvessafe.【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。假如你叫李華，你所在學(xué)校要舉辦英語(yǔ)演講比賽，你的演講內(nèi)容為中學(xué)生如何在學(xué)校和生活中保證自己的安全（道路安全、飲食安全、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全等）。請(qǐng)你寫一篇演講稿?！驹斘觥?.詞匯積累交朋友：makefriends→befriend有害：doharmto→beharmful應(yīng)該：oughtto→should相信：trust→believe2.句式拓展簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句原句：Asteenagers,weshouldalwayskeepsafetyinmind.拓展句：Asteenagers,Ihavesomeadviceabouthowwecouldalwayskeepsafetyinmind.【『點(diǎn)石成金』】[高分句型1]First,weshouldbecarefulwhenwemakefriends,especiallyonline.(運(yùn)用了when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)[高分句型2]Eatingfoodthatgoesbadorjunkfoodwilldoharmtoourhealth.(運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)第二節(jié)讀后續(xù)寫（滿分25分）47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開