固定化微生物處理氨氮廢水的研究進(jìn)展

固定化微生物處理氨氮廢水的研究進(jìn)展Title:ResearchProgressintheApplicationofImmobilizedMicroorganismsforAmmoniaNitrogenWastewaterTreatmentAbstract:Ammonianitrogenwastewaterisacommonenvironmentalproblemthatposesaseriousthreattoecosystemhealth.Traditionalwastewatertreatmenttechnologiesoftenfacechallengesinthecompleteremovalofammonianitrogenduetoitscomplexcomposition.Theapplicationofimmobilizedmicroorganismshasemergedasapromisingstrategyforefficientandcost-effectiveammonianitrogenremoval.Thispaperaimstoreviewtheresearchprogressintheapplicationofimmobilizedmicroorganismsforthetreatmentofammonianitrogenwastewater.Thereviewcoverstheimmobilizationmethods,factorsinfluencingimmobilizationefficiency,andtheperformanceofimmobilizedmicroorganismsinammonianitrogenremoval.Furthermore,challengesandfutureperspectivesfortheapplicationofimmobilizedmicroorganismsinammonianitrogenwastewatertreatmentarediscussed.1.Introduction1.1Background1.2Significanceofammonianitrogenwastewatertreatment1.3Objectivesofthisreview2.ImmobilizationMethods2.1Physically-basedmethods2.2Chemically-basedmethods2.3Biologically-basedmethods3.FactorsInfluencingImmobilizationEfficiency3.1Immobilizationmatrix3.2Microorganismselection3.3Operatingconditions3.4Masstransferlimitations4.PerformanceofImmobilizedMicroorganismsinAmmoniaNitrogenRemoval4.1Enhancedmicrobialactivity4.2Decreasedsensitivitytoinhibitorysubstances4.3Operationalstability4.4Improvedreactorefficiency5.ChallengesinImmobilizedMicroorganismsApplication5.1Long-termstability5.2Successfulscaling-up5.3Economicfeasibility5.4Publicacceptance6.FuturePerspectivesandConcludingRemarksReferences1.Introduction1.1BackgroundAmmonianitrogenisacommonpollutantfoundinvariousindustrialandmunicipalwastewaters,includingagriculturalrunoff,industrialeffluents,andwastewaterfromwastewatertreatmentplants.Thedischargeofammonianitrogenintotheenvironmentcanleadtoeutrophication,loweringofdissolvedoxygenlevels,andthedisruptionofaquaticecosystems.Therefore,theefficientremovalofammonianitrogenfromwastewateriscrucialforenvironmentalsustainability.1.2SignificanceofammonianitrogenwastewatertreatmentTraditionalwastewatertreatmentprocesses,suchasactivatedsludgeandchemicalprecipitation,areoftenemployedfortheremovaloforganicpollutantsandsuspendedsolidsbuthavelimitationsinremovingammonianitrogenefficiently.Thesetechnologiesmayrequirehigherenergyconsumption,extensivelandarea,andproduceasignificantamountofsludge.Ontheotherhand,theapplicationofimmobilizedmicroorganismshasgainedattentionasapromisingalternativeduetoitshigherefficiency,smallerreactorfootprint,andreducedsludgeproduction.1.3ObjectivesofthisreviewThisreviewaimstoprovideanoverviewoftheresearchprogressintheapplicationofimmobilizedmicroorganismsforammonianitrogenwastewatertreatment.Specifically,thereviewwillfocusontheimmobilizationmethods,factorsinfluencingimmobilizationefficiency,andtheperformanceofimmobilizedmicroorganismsinammonianitrogenremoval.Furthermore,thisreviewwilldiscussthechallengescurrentlyencounteredintheapplicationofimmobilizedmicroorganismsandprovidefutureperspectivestopromotetheirfurtherdevelopmentandimplementation.2.ImmobilizationMethodsImmobilizationreferstothetechniqueofconfiningmicroorganismswithinamatrix,therebyenhancingthemicroorganism'sstabilityandretentionwithinareactor.Severalimmobilizationmethodshavebeendeveloped,includingphysically-basedmethods(e.g.,entrapment,adsorption),chemically-basedmethods(e.g.,cross-linking,covalentbonding),andbiologically-basedmethods(e.g.,self-immobilization,biofilmformation).3.FactorsInfluencingImmobilizationEfficiencyTheefficiencyofimmobilizationdependsonvariousfactorssuchasthechoiceofimmobilizationmatrix,strainselection,operatingconditions(pH,temperature,dissolvedoxygen),andmasstransferlimitations.Eachfactorcanaffecttheimmobilizationefficiency,stability,andactivityoftheimmobilizedmicroorganisms.4.PerformanceofImmobilizedMicroorganismsinAmmoniaNitrogenRemovalImmobilizedmicroorganismsexhibitseveraladvantagesoverfreecellsinammonianitrogenremoval,includingenhancedmicrobialactivity,reducedsensitivitytoinhibitorysubstances,improvedoperationalstability,andhigherreactorefficiency.Theseadvantagesresultfromtheprotectedmicroenvironment,increasedbiomassconcentration,andreducedsludgewashout.5.ChallengesinImmobilizedMicroorganismsApplicationDespitethepotentialbenefits,theapplicationofimmobilizedmicroorganismsstillfaceschallenges.Thesechallengesincludelong-termstabilityofimmobilizedmicroorganisms,successfulscaling-upfromlab-scaletolarge-scalesystems,economicfeasibility,andpublicacceptance.Addressingthesechallengesiscrucialforthewiderimplementationofimmobilizedmicroorganismsinammonianitrogenwastewatertreatment.6.FuturePerspectivesandConcludingRemarksTheapplicationofimmobilizedmicroorganismsshowsgreatpotentialinammonianitrogenwastewatertreatment.However,furtherresearchanddevelopmentareneededtoovercomethecurrentchallenges.Futureeffortsshouldfocusonimprovingthelong-termstabilityandefficiencyofimmobilizedmicroorganisms,optimizingtheimmobilizationmethods,andassessingtheeconomicfeasibilityinlarge-scaleapplications.Thesuccessfulimplementationofimmobilizedmicro