Unit+1+Science+Fiction+練習(xí)評(píng)講教案 高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊

評(píng)講課Unit1ScienceFictionExercise（2）一、評(píng)講目的：1．通過評(píng)講讓學(xué)生進(jìn)一步掌握本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)及做題方法與技巧。2．通過評(píng)講使學(xué)生弄清自己的錯(cuò)因，夯實(shí)學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。3．通過評(píng)講進(jìn)一步提高學(xué)生的做題技巧，讓學(xué)生熟練做題，提高做題效率。二、評(píng)講方法：1、Checktheanswers.2、Talkaboutthefalsequestionsingroupsandfindoutthereasons.3、Explainthepuzzlesbyteachers.三、評(píng)講過程：1、試題分析：(30min)閱讀理解（難度：簡單）Winningaremarkablescienceawardisreallyabigdeal,especiallyifyouare12yearsold.ButShanyaGill,amiddleschoolerfromSanJose,California,wonthetopawardintheThermoFisherScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallengefordesigningafiredetectionsystemthatissuperiortoexistingones,asstatedinthepressrelease.“Thetopwinnershaveexhibitedboundlesscuriosity,”MayaAjmerapresidentandCEOofSocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease.“Theirremarkableresearchnotonlyreflectstheirtalentbutalsopavesthewayforanexcitingnewfuture.”Shanya’sinspirationcameafterafiredestroyedarestaurantinherneighborhoodduringthesummerof2022,reportedTheWashingtonPost.“Ihadneverreallyexperiencedsomethinglikethatbefore,”shetoldTheWashingtonPostabouttheearlymorningfireatHolder’sCountryInn,whichstartedinthekitchen.“Theyhadsmokedetectorsandyetitstillburneddown,”sheadded.Aftershestudiedfirestatistics,Shayaspentoverayeardevelopingafiredetectionsystemthatshebelievescouldhavepreventedthefire.Unliketraditionalsmokedetectorsthatsenseactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair,Shanya’sthermal(熱的)imagingdeviceisdesignedtostopfiresfromoccurring.WithathermalcameraandaRaspberryPi,atinycomputerthedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.Creatingtheprototype(原型)wasdifficultandthehardestpartwastheprogramming,“Ihadtwodesigns,andmyfirstdesigncompletelyfailed.ItwasareallybigchallengeIhadtogothrough.”shesaid.Thefinaldeviceoutperformssmokedetectorsinspeedandaccuracy.Shanyawantstobringthecostsdowntomakeitevenmorecommonthanhardwiredsmokedetectors.“Shanyasawaproblem,wentafteritandtriedtosolveit,andthat’swhatweneedtoencouragewithallyoungpeople,”saidAjmera.Shealsohighlightedthesignificanceofsupportingindividuals,especiallygirlsandkidsofcolor,inSTEMfields,asresearchindicatesthatmanyyoungpeopledropoutoftheseareas.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutShanyafromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Shegainedalotofmoneyintheaward.B.Sheshowedacuriousnatureasaschooler.C.Shesetabigstageforyoungpeopleherage.D.Shewasjuniortootherwinnersinperformance.25.WhatmotivatedShanyatodevelopherfiredetectionsystem?A.Herdesiretowinthescienceaward.B.Herexperienceofadestructivefire.C.Herinterestincomputerprogramming.D.HergoaltoimproveSTEMeducationforgirls.26.WhatisanadvantageofShanya’sinvention?A.Itconsistsoftwopartsthatareeasiertoconduct.B.Itcansendoutawarningagainstapotentialfire.C.Itcandetectactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair.D.Itfunctionswhenafirebreaksoutwithin10minutes.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeShanya?A.Reliable.B.Cooperative.C.Innovative.D.Generous.【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了來自加州圣何塞的中學(xué)生ShanyaGill在賽默飛世爾科學(xué)少年創(chuàng)新者挑戰(zhàn)賽中獲得了最高獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗O(shè)計(jì)了一種優(yōu)于現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)的火災(zāi)探測系統(tǒng)。文章介紹了這種系統(tǒng)開發(fā)背后的靈感來源以及優(yōu)點(diǎn)。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thetopwinnershaveexhibitedboundlesscuriosity,”MayaAjmerapresidentandCEOofSocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease.(科學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)主席兼首席執(zhí)行官瑪雅·阿杰梅拉在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說：“頂級(jí)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)弑憩F(xiàn)出了無限的好奇心?！?”可知，Shanya表現(xiàn)出學(xué)者好奇的天性。故選B。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Shanya’sinspirationcameafterafiredestroyedarestaurantinherneighborhoodduringthesummerof2022,reportedTheWashingtonPost.(據(jù)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》報(bào)道，Shanya的靈感來自于2022年夏天一場大火燒毀了她家附近的一家餐館)”可知，經(jīng)歷了一場毀滅性的火災(zāi)促使Shanya開發(fā)她的火災(zāi)探測系統(tǒng)。故選B。3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Withathermalcameraandatinycomputer,thedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.(該設(shè)備配備了一個(gè)熱像儀和一臺(tái)微型電腦，當(dāng)熱源無人看管超過10分鐘時(shí)，它就會(huì)檢測到，并發(fā)出短信警告。)”可知，Shanya的發(fā)明優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于可以發(fā)出潛在火災(zāi)的警告。故選A。提問：七選五（難度：較易）TheSpotlightEffectHaveyoueverfeltasiftheentireworldwaswatchingwhileyoumadeamistake?Well,here’ssomegoodnews:it’slikelythatnooneevennoticed.36Wehavethisexperiencenotonlywhenwemakemistakesbutalsowhenweperformwell.Everytimewedosomethingthatisalittledifferentfromwhatweusuallydo,wemayassumethateveryonearounduswillnotice.Thespotlighteffectmighthappenwhenwemakeamistakeinagame,haveabadhairday,orgiveaterribleanswerinclass.37Inthesemoments,itfeelslikeeveryoneiswatching.Thespotlighteffectexistsbecauseweallgetusedtoseeingthingsthroughourowneyes.Everypersonisthemaincharacterinhisorherstory,andtheeventsofourlivesseemtohavegreatimportance.38Thespotlighteffectisaverycommonpartofthehumanexperience.However,insomecases,itcanleadtoextremesocialanxietyandnervousnessaroundotherpeople.Everyonesufferssomedegreeofsocialanxiety.Weallcareaboutwhatothersthink,andweallwanttobeliked.It’snormaltowonderaboutwhateffectwehaveonotherpeople.39Ifsomeoneissonervousthattheycan’tmakegooddecisions,thenit’stimetotakeactionandimprovethesituation.Learningaboutthespotlighteffectisimportantbecauseitcanhelpusreduceouranxiety.Nexttimeyoufeellikeeveryoneisstaringatyou,remindyourselfthatit’sjustyourmindplayingtricksonyou.40Ifyoufillyourmindwiththoughtsofyourfriendsandfamily,itwillhelpyoubelessself-conscious.A.However,thiscanbeaproblemwhentheanxietyistoomuchtohandle.B.That’swhyfewerpeoplenoticetheembarrassingcircumstancestheyencounter.C.Anothergoodexerciseistomakeanefforttonoticethepeoplearoundyou,ratherthanfocusingonyourself.D.Thespotlighteffectisatrickofthemindthatmakesusbelievethatpeoplenoticeusmoreoftenthantheyreallydo.E.Whatyoucandoatthismomentistoignorethem.F.Wearesobusyexaminingourselvesthatweactuallyobserveverylittleabouteveryonearoundus.G.Itcanalsoappearwhenwescoreabiggoal,asksomeoneonadate,ordoagooddeed.【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了回形針的發(fā)明，它對有文件都保存在一起起到了重要的作用。1.G根據(jù)下文“Theseincludedtyingribbonsthroughthepaper,andmeltingwaxtosecurethepapersinplace.Fornearly600years,thesewerethemethodsusedtosecurepapers.”（這些方法包括在紙上系絲帶，融化蠟油以固定紙張。近600年來，這些都是用來確保文件安全的方法。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接下文說明各種方法來確保文件保存在一起。下文是對選項(xiàng)的具體說明。故選項(xiàng)“因此，從13世紀(jì)早期開始，人們創(chuàng)造了各種方法來確保文件保存在一起”切題。故選G項(xiàng)。2.A根據(jù)下文“In1835,amachinethatcouldmass-producestraightpinswasinventedbyHoweJ.L.,anAmericaninventor.”（1835年，美國發(fā)明家HoweJ.L.發(fā)明了一種可以大量生產(chǎn)大頭針的機(jī)器）可知，選項(xiàng)承接下文說明大頭針的發(fā)明。故A選項(xiàng)“下一個(gè)紙質(zhì)發(fā)明是大頭針”切題。故選項(xiàng)。3.D根據(jù)下文“In1899hepatentedthedevice,whichconsistedofawirebentintoapa