非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-獨(dú)立主格

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般來(lái)說(shuō)，分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。但有時(shí)候，分詞的動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出來(lái)的，它有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.2021/5/91Itrained.Istayedathome.2021/5/92怎樣將兩個(gè)句子合并？要求：可以使用連詞，請(qǐng)將句子合并成并列句。?Itrainso/andIstayedathome.并列連詞：and,or,but,so,for,when,while,neither…nor,either…or,not…but,notonly…butalso2021/5/93要求：可以使用連詞，請(qǐng)將句子合并為復(fù)合句。?Becauseitrainedyesterday,Istayedathome.要求：不適用連詞，將兩個(gè)句子合并為一個(gè)句子。?Itraining,Istayedathome.2021/5/94比較三句：?Itrainso/andIstayedathome.?Becauseitrainedyesterday,Istayedathome.?Itraining,Istayedathome.2021/5/95獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的概念：?“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”是由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語(yǔ)，加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞短語(yǔ)作為邏輯謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒(méi)有關(guān)系，通常稱(chēng)為“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。2021/5/96

獨(dú)立主格形式

1.名詞/主格代詞+Ifweatherpermits,wewillgoforaspringouting.__________________,wewillgoforaspringouting.Theboystoodthere,andhishandwasraised.Theboystoodthere,____________________.Weatherpermittinghishandraiseddoing主動(dòng)done被動(dòng)todo將來(lái)2021/5/97Isendyou100dollarstoday,andtherestwillfollowinayear.Isendyou100dollarstoday,____________________inayear.theresttofollow2021/5/982.名詞/主格代詞+(being)+adj./adv./介詞短語(yǔ)/nAstheteacherwasill,thelecturewasputoff.___________________,thelecturewasputoff.Whenthemeetingwasover,welefttheroom._____________________,welefttheroom.TheteacherillThemeetingoverShestoodthere,abookinhishand.=bookinhand2021/5/99特殊：Astherewasnobus,wehadtogobackhomeonfoot._________________,wehadtogobackhomeonfoot.BecauseitisSundaytoday,wedon’thavetowork._________________,wedon’thavetowork.TherebeingnobusItbeingSunday主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，being不能省2021/5/910區(qū)別于分詞作狀語(yǔ)分詞做狀語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，或表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，或表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。2021/5/9111Whentheyhearthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoyHearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.

2Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.

Seenfromthehill,

theparklooksverybeautiful.3Thechildrenranoutoftheroom.Theylaughedandtalkedmerrily.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.

特點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)一致分詞作狀語(yǔ)2021/5/912獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Weatherpermitting,we’llgosightseeinginGaopo.Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：兩個(gè)不同的主語(yǔ)2021/5/913獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式：名詞或代詞+分詞（doing\done)名詞或代詞+不定式名詞或代詞+形容詞\副詞名詞或代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)名詞或代詞+名詞Therebeing+名詞（代詞）Itbeing+名詞（代詞）分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)由“名詞+being…”構(gòu)成時(shí)，being常省略。2021/5/914名詞或代詞+分詞（doing\done)1）天氣允許的話(huà)，我們?nèi)ジ咂掠^(guān)光吧。Weatherpermitting（Ifweatherpermits）,we’llgosightseeinginGaopo.

2)綜合來(lái)看，他的論文比你的更有價(jià)值。Allthingsconsidered（Ifallthingsareconsidered）,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.

Helayonhisback,histeethset,hisrighthand

clenchedonhisbreastandhisglaringeyeslookingstraightupward.3)他仰面躺著，牙關(guān)緊閉，雙手緊握在胸前，兩眼朝上直直地怒視著。2021/5/915名詞或代詞+不定式1）明天要考試，我今晚就不去看電影了吧。Theexam

tobeheldtomorrow,Icouldn’tgotothecinematonight.

Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,

onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.

2)她倆道了別，一個(gè)要回家，另一個(gè)要去書(shū)店。Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ourschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.3)種下大量的花草樹(shù)木后，學(xué)?？雌饋?lái)會(huì)更漂亮。不定式在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中多表示將來(lái)的行為，表示“企圖”

“約定”等，指的是按計(jì)劃安排要做的事。2021/5/916名詞/主格代詞+形容詞1）這么多人缺席，會(huì)議不得不取消。Somanypeople（being）absent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.2）那架飛機(jī)遭遇了空難，無(wú)一人生還。Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobody（being）alive.3）會(huì)議一結(jié)束，他們就都回家了。Themeeting（being）over,theyallwenthome.2021/5/917名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)1）孩子們手里拿著花向我們跑過(guò)來(lái)Thechildrencamerunningtowardsus,

flowersinhands.2）瑪麗靠近火爐坐著，背對(duì)著門(mén)。Marywassittingnearthefire,herbacktowardsthedoor.2021/5/918表示存在時(shí)用“Therebeing+名詞（代詞）”的結(jié)構(gòu)1).

Therebeingnobuses,theywalkedtothetheatre2).Therebeingnocauseforfear,hereturnedtohishometown.Itbeing+名詞（代詞）由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息。ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.

由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門(mén)了。Itbeingholiday,alltheshopswereshut.

Suchbeing+名詞（代詞）Suchbeingthecase,shehasnothingtosay.Suchbeingthefact,shehadtoadmithismistake.2021/5/919Ihaveneverimaginedoftherebeingapictureonthewall.Iexpecttheretobemanychancesforhimtogetajob.Whatisthechanceofthere____somegooddictionariesinthatbookstore?Theteacherwaswaitingforthere___completesilence.2021/5/920區(qū)別于介詞with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

doing(表示動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行)done（表示動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)和完成）With/without+名詞/賓格代詞+todo(表示將來(lái))adj/adv(表示狀態(tài)或特征)介詞短語(yǔ)（表示狀態(tài)或特征）2021/5/921該結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、方式、伴隨狀況等含義；有時(shí)候也可以作定語(yǔ)。①Withtheboyleadingtheway,wearesurewe’llbethereontime.有男孩帶路，我們有把握會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那兒。（表原因）②Theclassroomisverybightwithallthelightsturnedon.所有的燈都打開(kāi)，教室里非常明亮。（表示時(shí)間）③Ican’tgoout,withalotofworktodo.我不能出去，因?yàn)橛泻芏喙ぷ饕?。（表示原因）④Don’ttalkwithyourmouthfull.不要嘴里含著東西談話(huà)。（表示方式）2021/5/922⑤Withthelightoff,wecan’tseeanything.燈滅了，我們什么也看不見(jiàn)。（表示原因）⑥Hefoughtthetigerwithoutastickashisonlyweapon.

他與老虎搏斗,沒(méi)有一根棍子作為武器。（表示方式）⑦Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.老師進(jìn)入了教室，手里拿著一本書(shū)。（表伴隨狀況）⑧Hereachedthebeautifulriverwithredflowersandgreentreesonbothsides.他來(lái)到了兩岸長(zhǎng)滿(mǎn)紅花綠樹(shù)的這條河上。（作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾river）2021/5/923★Father________(permit),Graceenjoyedabigbonbon.Thegame________(lose),Gracestilllookeduptoherpapaasherhero.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)permittinglost2021/5/924S（邏輯主語(yǔ)）doing

havingdone主動(dòng)關(guān)系S(邏輯主語(yǔ))done

havingbeendone被動(dòng)關(guān)系Thelecture_______,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.beinggivenB.havinggivenC.tobegivenD.havingbeengiven_______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.TherebeingB.BeingC.HavingbeenD.Therewas2021/5/92