江西省2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期3月月考英語試題（含答案解析）

高一英語試卷注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Howmuchdidthewomanpayfortheskirt?A.$48.B.$69.C.$96.2.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Havearest.B.Dosomeexercise.C.Getusedtothecoldweather.3.Whendidthewomanseeafilmlasttime?A.OnWednesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnFriday.4.WhydoesHarrymakethecall?A.Tofindthemanager.B.Tomakeareservation.C.Tolookforhispassport.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Atravelplan.B.Anexamresult.C.Asportsgame.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisprobablytheman?A.Apilot.B.Adoctor.C.Apassenger.7.Whereareprobablythespeakers?A.Inthehospital.B.Ontheplane.C.Inthedrugstore.聽第7段材料，回答第8.9題。8.Whatkindofbookdoesthewomanwant?A.Abookonwriting.B.Abookoncomputer.C.Abookontravel.9.Howwillthewomanfindthebookupstairs?A.Bytitle.B.Byauthor.C.Bytime.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whendidthespeakersgotothemovietheater?A.LastSunday.B.LastSaturday.C.LastFriday.11.WhatdoesTominviteNancytodo?A.Havelunch.B.Watchamovie.C.Gohiking.12.Whattimewillthespeakersprobablysetoff?A.At8:00.B.At9:00.C.At10:00.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.What’sthewoman’smajor?A.Management.B.French.C.Italian.14.Howdidthewomangettoknowaboutthejob?A.Bylisteningtothemorningnews.B.Byreadingthenewspaper.C.Bycallinganemploymentservice.15.WhathadthewomanbeendoinginGeneva?A.Teachingatauniversity.B.Studyingforeignlanguages.C.Workingasasecretary.16.Whatwasthewomanaskedtodo?A.Prepareforaninterview.B.Callagaininadayortwo.C.Sendawrittenapplication.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WheredidMaxinegettheideatostartadogshelter?A.Fromabook.B.Fromaneighbor.C.Fromadoglover.18.WhathappenedtothedogafterMaxinewashedandfedit?A.Itrantothenextdoor.B.Itlookedlovelyandhappy.C.Itstartedbeingclosetoher.19.HowdoesMaxinepayfortheshelter?A.Thecitygovernmentanddogloverssupporther.B.Herfamilygiveshermoney.C.Shecollectsfeesfromneighbors.20.HowoldmightMaxinebe?A.Around8yearsold.B.Below10yearsold.C.Around17yearsold.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AStudyAbroadScholarshipstoApplyforin2024Foundtheperfectstudyabroadprogram,butdon’tknowhowtopayforit?Fortunately,herearesomestudyabroadscholarshipopportunitiesforstudentslookingtotaketheirstudiesoverseas!TrenchardCoxScholarshipAllyouhavetodoiswritetwo400-wordreasoneddescriptions:oneonaworkofartyouloveandonethatyouhate.Thescholarship,establishedinmemoryofSirTrenchardCox,awardsthewinneranArtHistoryAbroad2-weeksummercourseinVenice.Requirement:Atleast16andnoolderthan18yearsofageDeadline:March1,2024ArcadiaAbroadScholarships&FinancialAidDidyouknowthatArcadiaAbroadprovidesfinancialaidtoaround70%ofstudentswhoapplyforit?Itvaluesequity,diversity,andinclusivitywhenawardingscholarships.Studentswhoapplyforscholarshipswillneedtowritea300-wordessay.Requirement:MustbeincludedinanArcadiaAbroadprogramAward:$500-$2,500Deadline:February1,2024AIFSStudyAbroadScholarships,Grants&FinancialSupportWebelieveastudyabroadexperienceisanimportantpartofwell-roundeduniversityeducationandwearecommittedtoprovidingfinancialhelptoasmanystudentsaspossible.AIFSalsooffersinternship(實(shí)習(xí)期)andstudyabroad+internshipmixedprogramstosupportthedevelopmentofpersonalandprofessionalskills.Award:$500-$5,000Deadline:June1,2024AmericanAssociationofUniversityWomen(AAUW)Fellowships&GrantsTheAAUWsupportswomensearchingforavarietyofgraduateacademicopportunities.Therearenobarriers(障礙)tofullparticipationinthisorganization.Preferenceisgiventothosewhoshowgreatinterestintheadvancementofgirlsandwomen.Requirement:WomenonlyAward:$2,000-$50,000Deadline:November15,20241.WhatisrequiredtoapplyforTrenchardCoxScholarship?A.Beingover18yearsofage. B.FluencyinEnglishandItalian.C.Two400-wordessaysonartworks. D.AmemberoftheArtHistoryAbroadsummercourse.2.Whichofthefourscholarshipprogramsendstheearliest?A.TrenchardCoxScholarship.B.ArcadiaAbroadScholarships&FinancialAid.C.AIFSStudyAbroadScholarships,Grants&FinancialSupport.D.AmericanAssociationofUniversityWomen(AAUW)Fellowships&Grants.3.WhoismostlikelytoreceivetheAAUWFellowships&Grants?A.Afreshmansufferingeconomically. B.Agraduateneedinginternshipabroad.C.Anartstudentfromadevelopingcountry. D.Afemalestudentdevotedtowomeneducation.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)2024年出國留學(xué)獎學(xué)金項(xiàng)目的情況。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TrenchardCoxScholarship部分中“Allyouhavetodoiswritetwo400-wordreasoneddescriptions:oneonaworkofartyouloveandonethatyouhate.(你所要做的就是寫兩篇400字的合理描述：一篇是關(guān)于你喜歡的藝術(shù)品，另一篇是你討厭的藝術(shù)品)”可知，申請TrenchardCox獎學(xué)金需要兩篇400字的藝術(shù)作品文章。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個(gè)項(xiàng)目結(jié)束日期是“Deadline:March1,2024(截止日期:2024年3月1日)”；第二個(gè)項(xiàng)目為“Deadline:February1,2024(截止日期:2024年2月1日)”；第三個(gè)項(xiàng)目為“Deadline:June1,2024(截止日期:2024年6月1日)”以及最后一個(gè)項(xiàng)目“Deadline:November15,2024(截止日期:2024年11月15日)”可知，四個(gè)獎學(xué)金項(xiàng)目中ArcadiaAbroadScholarships&FinancialAid結(jié)束得最早。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一部分“Preferenceisgiventothosewhoshowgreatinterestintheadvancementofgirlsandwomen.(優(yōu)先考慮那些對女孩和婦女的發(fā)展表現(xiàn)出極大興趣的人)”可知，致力于婦女教育的女學(xué)生最有可能獲得AAUWFellowships&Grants。故選D。BDoryanMash,avolunteerfirefighteroutofPeachland,B.C.,togetherwithhiswifeAmyandherbrotherTrevorwasdeterminedtotakethescenicroutetoVernononSundaythroughWestsideRoad.“Mywifewantedtoseethefireareathereandlookatsomewildlifeandtakealookatallthedamagethatwasdonefromthefire,sowedecidedtotakethatroute,”saidMash.Justminutesintotheirdrive,theyspottedwildlife—adeerthathadbecometrappedunderneathastretchofrockfencingalongWestsideRoadandwasinurgentneedofhelp.“Ithinkshehadbeenunderthereforquiteawhile.Shehadstruggledquiteabitandhereyeswerebloodshot,”saidMash.Withouthesitation,MashandTrevorsafelyparkedtheirvehicleonthesideoftheroadandmadetheirwayuptheembankmentwherethedeerwasstuck.“Wepulledover,gotoutthecar,ranupthebankandgottwohandsonher,”saidMash.Afterseveralminutesofcarefullytryingtoassisttheanimalbyliftingthefence,thefemaledeermovedherwaydowntheembankment,andgotoutunderherownpower.“Shejumpedacrosstheroadanddowntowardsthelakeandwewatchedherrunaway,”saidMash.“Shelookedfineanddidn’tlooklikeshewastooinjuredoranythinglikethat,soitwasjustgoodtosee.”Mashaddedthathadtheynotstoppedtohelpthedeer,theywerenotsureitwouldhavemadeitoutsafely.“Ireallydon’tthinkitwouldhavebeenabletogetoutifwedidn’tliftthefence,”saidMash.MashwantstoremindthepublicthatwithsomanyanimalsdisplacedbyrecentwildfireeventsthroughouttheOkanagan,it’simportanttokeepyoureyesoutforanyanimalsthatmaybeindanger.4.WhydidMashdecidetotakearoutetoVernonthroughWestsideRoad?A.Togoonanadventure. B.Tosatisfyhiswife’sneed.C.Toprovidehelptothefirearea. D.Toraisefundforwildlifeprotection.5.HowdidMashjudgethedeerneededurgenthelp?A.Hecheckedthedeer’sbody. B.Henoticedthedeer’seyeswerebloodshot.C.Heheardthedeer’scryforhelp. D.Hefoundthedeerwasseriouslyinjured.6.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toshowtheseriousnessofthewildfire.B.Toremindpeopleofthedangerofwildlife.C.Tofindasolutiontoanimalsdisplacedbywildfire.D.Tocallonpeopletopayattentiontoanimalstrapped.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMash?A.Carefulandresponsible. B.Adaptableandkind.C.Hard-workingandhonest. D.Humorousandenergetic.【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了DoryanMash在路上救助了一只被柵欄困住的鹿的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段““Mywifewantedtoseethefireareathereandlookatsomewildlifeandtakealookatallthedamagethatwasdonefromthefire,sowedecidedtotakethatroute,”saidMash.(馬什說：“我妻子想去看看火場，看看野生動物，看看大火造成的破壞，所以我們決定走那條路?！?”可知，Mash決定走西側(cè)路去弗農(nóng)是為了滿足他妻子的需要。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Ithinkshehadbeenunderthereforquiteawhile.Shehadstruggledquiteabitandhereyeswerebloodshot,”saidMash.(Mash說：“我想她在下面已經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間了。她掙扎了很久，眼睛充血。”)”可知，Mash注意到鹿眼睛充血判斷鹿需要緊急救助。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Ireallydon’tthinkitwouldhavebeenabletogetoutifwedidn’tliftthefence,”saidMash.MashwantstoremindthepublicthatwithsomanyanimalsdisplacedbyrecentwildfireeventsthroughouttheOkanagan,it’simportanttokeepyoureyesoutforanyanimalsthatmaybeindanger.(馬什說：“我真的認(rèn)為，如果我們沒有把柵欄抬起來，它是不可能跑出去的?！瘪R什想提醒公眾，由于最近在奧肯那根發(fā)生的野火事件，有這么多動物流離失所，所以你必須時(shí)刻注意任何可能處于危險(xiǎn)中的動物)”可知，最后一段的目的是呼吁人們關(guān)注被困動物。故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterseveralminutesofcarefullytryingtoassisttheanimalbyliftingthefence,thefemaledeermovedherwaydowntheembankment,andgotoutunderherownpower.(幾分鐘后，他小心翼翼地試圖幫助它抬起柵欄，然后雌鹿沿著堤岸移動，依靠自己的力量逃了出來)”以及最后一段“MashwantstoremindthepublicthatwithsomanyanimalsdisplacedbyrecentwildfireeventsthroughouttheOkanagan,it’simportanttokeepyoureyesoutforanyanimalsthatmaybeindanger.(馬什想提醒公眾，由于最近在奧肯那根發(fā)生的野火事件，有這么多動物流離失所，所以你必須時(shí)刻警惕任何可能處于危險(xiǎn)中的動物)”可推知，Mash細(xì)心負(fù)責(zé)。故選A。CWiththewidespreaduseofsmartphones,emojis(表情符號)havebecomeapopularmediumforexpressingemotionsandideas.Researchersnowbelievetheseexpressivesymbolscanplayasignificantroleinmedicine,increasingtheresponserateofhealthsurveys.Scientistssaythatemployingemojisinhealthcarecommunicationshasseveralbenefits,suchasgeneralrecognitionacrossdiversepopulations.Sothestudyauthorsstronglysupporttheuseofemojistobolstercommunicationbetweenpatientsandphysicians.“Bypromotingmoreeffectivecommunicationbetweenpatientsandcareproviders,aswellasbetweenphysiciansthemselves,anemoji-basedlanguagesystemwithacommonagreementofmeaningscanbedeveloped,”saysProfessorKendrickDavis,whoisanassociateprofessorattheUCRSchoolofMedicine.Theprofessorhasbeenworkingoncreatinganemoji-basedmeasurementsystemforthepasttwoyears.Andhehasevenconductedastudyusingemojistomeasurehealthamongcollegestudents.Davisfurtherexplainsthatasignificantpartofmedicalcommunicationincludessurveys,whichareoftenareasofcommunicationbreakdown.“Surveysareusuallypassedtopatientsinavarietyofdifferentstagesoftheircare.Butmanysurveysareexplainedwithlanguagethatcanintroduceanobstacle.Thisiswhereemojis,whicharefriendlyandwidelyused,comeintoplaybyreplacingsurveylanguagethatcanbehardforsomepatientstounderstand,”hesays.Theauthorsalsopointoutthatwhileeffectivecommunicationisimportantforsuccessfultreatmentandcare,certainhealthconditionssuchasbraininjurycancausemajorobstacles.Insuchcases,emojiscouldbehelpful.However,Davisalsoacknowledgestheimportanceofqualitative(定性的)methods.Heexpressesaninterestinpartneringresearcherswhosemethodologiesareheavilyqualitative.8.Whydoestheauthormentiontheuseofsmartphonesinparagraph1?A.Tointroducethefunctionsofemojis. B.Toexplainwhyemojisdevelopfast.C.Totelluswhereemojisaremainlyused. D.Toshowemojishavebecomewidelyused.9.Whatdoes“bolster”underlinedinparagraph2mean?A.Improve. B.Start. C.Predict. D.Suggest.10.WhichofthefollowingmayProfessorKendrickDavisagreewith?A.Emojisshouldn’tbeusedinlettersfromdoctors.B.Physiciansarepooratcommunicatingwithpatients.C.Majorobstaclescanbecausedbyemojissometimes.D.Emojiscanhelppatientsfinishmedicalsurveysbetter.11.WhatdoesProfessorKendrickDavisprobablyplantodo?A.Createcompletelynewemojis. B.Useemojistomeasurementalhealth.C.Workwithresearcherswithqualitativemethods. D.Createanemoji-basedmeasurementsystemalone.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了表情符號可以在醫(yī)學(xué)中發(fā)揮重要作用，提高健康調(diào)查的回復(fù)率。科學(xué)家表示，在醫(yī)療保健交流中使用表情符號有幾個(gè)好處，比如在不同人群中得到普遍認(rèn)可?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Withthewidespreaduseofsmartphones,emojis(表情符號)havebecomeapopularmediumforexpressingemotionsandideas.Researchersnowbelievetheseexpressivesymbolscanplayasignificantroleinmedicine,increasingtheresponserateofhealthsurveys.(隨著智能手機(jī)的廣泛使用，表情符號已經(jīng)成為一種表達(dá)情感和想法的流行媒介。研究人員現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為，這些表達(dá)符號可以在醫(yī)學(xué)中發(fā)揮重要作用，提高健康調(diào)查的回復(fù)率)”可知，作者在第一段提到了智能手機(jī)的使用是為了解釋為什么表情符號發(fā)展得很快。故選B。【9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Scientistssaythatemployingemojisinhealthcarecommunicationshasseveralbenefits,suchasgeneralrecognitionacrossdiversepopulations.(科學(xué)家表示，在醫(yī)療保健交流中使用表情符號有幾個(gè)好處，比如在不同人群中得到普遍認(rèn)可)”以及劃線后文“communicationbetweenpatientsandphysicians”可知，在醫(yī)療保健交流中使用表情符號有幾個(gè)好處，比如在不同人群中得到普遍認(rèn)可，結(jié)合so為因果關(guān)系，可知作者強(qiáng)烈支持使用表情符號來改善患者和醫(yī)生之間的溝通。故劃線詞意思是“改善”。故選A。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““Bypromotingmoreeffectivecommunicationbetweenpatientsandcareproviders,aswellasbetweenphysiciansthemselves,anemoji-basedlanguagesystemwithacommonagreementofmeaningscanbedeveloped,”saysProfessorKendrickDavis,whoisanassociateprofessorattheUCRSchoolofMedicine.Theprofessorhasbeenworkingoncreatinganemoji-basedmeasurementsystemforthepasttwoyears.(UCR醫(yī)學(xué)院副教授肯德里克·戴維斯教授說：“通過促進(jìn)患者和護(hù)理人員之間以及醫(yī)生之間更有效的溝通，可以開發(fā)出一種基于表情符號的語言系統(tǒng)，這種語言系統(tǒng)具有共同的含義?！痹谶^去的兩年里，這位教授一直致力于創(chuàng)建一個(gè)基于表情符號的測量系統(tǒng))”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Thisiswhereemojis,whicharefriendlyandwidelyused,comeintoplaybyreplacingsurveylanguagethatcanbehardforsomepatientstounderstand(這就是友好且廣泛使用的表情符號取代了一些患者難以理解的調(diào)查語言的地方)”可知，肯德里克·戴維斯教授可能同意表情符號可以幫助患者更好地完成醫(yī)療調(diào)查。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“However,Davisalsoacknowledgestheimportanceofqualitative(定性的)methods.Heexpressesaninterestinpartneringresearcherswhosemethodologiesareheavilyqualitative.(然而，Davis也承認(rèn)定性方法的重要性。他表示有興趣與方法論高度定性的研究人員合作)”可知，肯德里克·戴維斯教授可能打算用定性方法與研究人員合作。故選C。DSleepisanecessarybiological(生物的)functionthathaslonginterestedscientists.Asweallknow,mostanimalssleep.Scientistshavestudiedeverythingfrommicetofruitfliesinthelabtogetabetterunderstandingofwhathappenswhenanimalssleep—andwhysomanydoit.However,gatheringdataonhowanimalssleepintheirnaturalhabitathasalwaysbeentrickyandhardtodo.Butscientistsdidjustthatwithwildchinstrappenguins(帽帶企鵝)inAntarctica.Indoingso,researchersfoundbirdsinthenestingcolonytookover10,000microsleepsthroughouttheday-amountingto1lhoursofsleep.Themicrosleeplastonlyseconds.Researchersthinkthatmicrosleepsmighthelptheanimalsavoidenemiesthatmightbemorelikelytostrikeifthepenguinsareasleepforlonger—especiallywhenoneparentgoesoutfeedingintheoceanfordays,leavingtheotherparenttoprotecttheeggs.VladyslavVyazovskiy,asleepscientistwhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,isexcitedaboutthisnewdata.“Mostofwhatweknowaboutthefundamentalbiologyofsleepwasobtainedinlaboratoryconditions,whichwerecompletelydifferentfromconditionswheresleepevolved.Contextmatters,”saysVyazovskiy.Microsleepsaremuchshorterthantheminutes-longmicronapsthathavebeenshowntobenefithumans.Andstudyco-authorPaul-AntoineLiboureliscarefultonotmixthisinsightaboutthesuccessofmicrosleepsinpenguinswiththatinhumans.“Thisisnotrelatedtohumanphysiologyandwon’ttellusmoreaboutthefunctionofhumansleep.”Tostudythepenguins,scientistsimplanteddevicesintoasmallgroupofpenguins’brainandneckmuscles.Thesebrainwaveandlocationdatacoupledwithfilmingthesebirdsinthenestgavesleepdataaboutthem.Buttheequipmenthadneverbeenusedbefore,sothisdatacollectionwasonlysupposedtobeatest.Thestudyisanearlyinsightintoarelativelylargeamountofscientificknowledgeaboutsleep.“Prettymucheverystudyonsleepingbirdsdiscoverssomethingnew,somethingwedidn’tknowbefore,”saysLibourel.12.Whatisthepenguins’takingmicrosleepsaimedat?A.Survivingtheseverecold.B.Ensuringenoughrestforgrowth.C.Securingthemselvesfromattackers.D.Buildingupenergytohuntforfood.13WhatisVladyslavVyazovskiy’sattitudetowardstheresearch?A.Favorable. B.Tolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unconcerned.14.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioninghumanmicronaps?A.Micronapsareofgreatbenefittohumans.B.Animalmicrosleepsdifferfromhumanmicronaps.C.Thefunctionofhumansleephasyettobefiguredout.D.Theresearchcontributestotheunderstandingofhumanmicronaps.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.MostanimalsneedtotakemicrosleepsB.MicronapsareimportantforhumanhealthC.Thepenguinstakeover10,000microsleepsadayD.Scientistsshowinterestinanimals’sleepquality【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了科學(xué)家對野生帽帶企鵝睡眠模式的研究?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Researchersthinkthatmicrosleepsmighthelptheanimalsavoidenemiesthatmightbemorelikelytostrikeifthepenguinsareasleepforlonger—especiallywhenoneparentgoesoutfeedingintheoceanfordays,leavingtheotherparenttoprotecttheeggs.(研究人員認(rèn)為，微睡眠或許可以幫助這些企鵝避免敵人。因?yàn)槿绻簌Z們睡得時(shí)間長一些，就更可能遭到敵人的攻擊——特別是在一方父母外出到海洋覓食數(shù)天，留下另一方父母保護(hù)企鵝蛋的情況下。)”可知，企鵝進(jìn)行微睡眠的目的是保護(hù)自己免受攻擊者的攻擊，故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“VladyslavVyazovskiy,asleepscientistwhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,isexcitedaboutthisnewdata.“Mostofwhatweknowaboutthefundamentalbiologyofsleepwasobtainedinlaboratoryconditions,whichwerecompletelydifferentfromconditionswheresleepevolved.Contextmatters,”saysVyazovskiy.(沒有參與這項(xiàng)研究的睡眠科學(xué)家弗拉季斯拉夫·維亞佐夫斯基對這項(xiàng)新數(shù)據(jù)感到興奮?！拔覀冴P(guān)于睡眠基本生物學(xué)的知識大部分都是在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下獲得的，這些條件與睡眠進(jìn)化的條件完全不同。環(huán)境很重要，”維亞佐夫斯基說。)”可知，維亞佐夫斯基對這項(xiàng)新數(shù)據(jù)感到興奮且認(rèn)為這些數(shù)據(jù)很重要，可推理出維亞佐夫斯基對這項(xiàng)研究持支持的態(tài)度，故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Microsleepsaremuchshorterthantheminutes-longmicronapsthathavebeenshowntobenefithumans.Andstudyco-authorPaul-AntoineLiboureliscarefultonotmixthisinsightaboutthesuccessofmicrosleepsinpenguinswiththatinhumans.“Thisisnotrelatedtohumanphysiology,andwon’ttellusmoreaboutthefunctionofhumansleep.”(微睡眠的時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)短于那些已被證明對人類有益的持續(xù)幾分鐘的小憩。該研究共同作者保羅-安東尼·利博雷爾謹(jǐn)慎地表示，不要把企鵝微睡眠成功的洞見與人類微睡眠的洞見混為一談?！斑@與人類生理學(xué)無關(guān)，也不會告訴我們更多關(guān)于人類睡眠功能的信息。”)”可知，該研究共同作者保羅-安東尼·利博雷爾認(rèn)為人類的微睡眠和動物的微睡眠不同，故選B項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Sleepisanecessarybiological(生物的)functionthathaslonginterestedscientists.(睡眠是一種必要的生物功能，長期以來一直吸引著科學(xué)家們的興趣。)”、第三段“Butscientistsdidjustthatwithwildchinstrappenguins(帽帶企鵝)inAntarctica.Indoingso,researchersfoundbirdsinthenestingcolonytookover10,000microsleepsthroughouttheday-amountingto1lhoursofsleep.(但是科學(xué)家們確實(shí)對南極的野生帽帶企鵝做了這樣的研究。在研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)筑巢群中的企鵝一天之內(nèi)要進(jìn)行一萬多次小睡，累計(jì)睡眠時(shí)間達(dá)到11小時(shí))”以及最后一段“Prettymucheverystudyonsleepingbirdsdiscoverssomethingnew,somethingwedidn’tknowbefore(幾乎所有關(guān)于鳥類睡眠的研究都能發(fā)現(xiàn)一些新東西，一些我們以前不知道的東西)”可推理出本文主要講的是科學(xué)家對野生帽帶企鵝睡眠模式的研究，故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whatwillhappenifyoulookatasolareclipse(日食)?____16____,evenlookingatanypartofthesun’sraysthroughordinaryequipment,likeregularsunglasses,canresultinseriouseyedamage.Herearesomeinformationabouttherisksoflookingatthesunandhowtostaysafewhileobservingthissun’sevent.Whataretheriskstolookingatthesunwithnoeyeprotection?It’sneversafetolookdirectlyatthesun.Lookingatthesunforevenafewsecondscancause“eclipseblindness”,adangerousconditioninwhichsolarraysdamagetheeyes.____17____.ViewingasolareclipsecouldalsomakeyoureyesuncoveredwhenfacingpossiblyharmfulUV(紫外線的)rays.Thecornea,theeye’sprotectivesurface,canalsobedamagedbyUVrays,whichcausepainandpooreyesight.____18____,aswellasdamagetootherpartsinthebackoftheeyes.____19____?Duringtheeclipse,specialeclipseglassesmustbeworn.That’sbecausethesun’ssurfaceissobrightthatifyoustareatanypartofit,nomatterhowsmall,itproducesenoughlighttopermanentlydamageyoureyes.Oureyesneverdevelopedtolookatthesunwithoutsufferingseveredamage.Regularsunglassesarenotsafetouse.___20___,besuretheyaremadebyprofessionalcompanies.A.IfyoubuyeclipseglassesB.WithoutaspecificeclipseglassesC.HowcanweviewthesolareclipsesafelyD.WherecanwewatchthesolareclipsesafelyE.AprofessionalcompanywillhelpyouchoosesunglassesF.ThiscanhappenifyouarenotwearingsufficienteyeprotectionG.UVraysevencauselastingblindnessandeyeballdamageintheeyes【答案】16.B17.F18.G19.C20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了看日食存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及需要進(jìn)行的保護(hù)措施?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whatwillhappenifyoulookatasolareclipse(日食)?(如果你看日食會發(fā)生什么)”以及后文“evenlookingatanypartofthesun’sraysthroughordinaryequipment,likeregularsunglasses,canresultinseriouseyedamage(即使是通過普通的設(shè)備，比如普通的太陽鏡，看太陽光線的任何部分，也會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的眼睛損傷)”可知，本句回答上文提出的問題，結(jié)合后文可知普通的太陽鏡看日食會導(dǎo)致眼睛損傷，說明需要特定的設(shè)備。故B選項(xiàng)“沒有特定的日食眼鏡”為后文眼睛受傷的條件，符合語境，故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whataretheriskstolookingatthesunwithnoeyeprotection?It’sneversafetolookdirectlyatthesun.Lookingatthesunforevenafewsecondscancause“eclipseblindness”,adangerousconditioninwhichsolarraysdamagetheeyes.(不戴護(hù)目鏡看太陽有什么風(fēng)險(xiǎn)？直視太陽永遠(yuǎn)都不安全。即使只盯著太陽看幾秒鐘，也會導(dǎo)致“日食失明”，這是一種危險(xiǎn)的情況，太陽光線會損害眼睛)”可知，本句為本段最后一句，故承接上文說明直視太陽，眼睛沒有保護(hù)會發(fā)生損害眼睛的情況，故F選項(xiàng)“如果你沒有戴充足的護(hù)目鏡，就會發(fā)生這種情況”符合語境，故選F。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thecornea,theeye’sprotectivesurface,canalsobedamagedbyUVrays,whichcausepainandpooreyesight.(眼睛的保護(hù)層角膜也會受到紫外線的傷害，從而導(dǎo)致疼痛和視力下降)”以及后文“aswellasdamagetootherpartsinthebackoftheeyes.(以及眼睛后部其他部位的損傷)”可知，本句與上文并列，繼續(xù)說明紫外線對眼睛的傷害。故G選項(xiàng)“紫外線甚至?xí)斐捎谰眯允骱脱矍驌p傷”符合語境，故選G。【19題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Duringtheeclipse,specialeclipseglassesmustbeworn.That’sbecausethesun’ssurfaceissobrightthatifyoustareatanypartofit,nomatterhowsmall,itproducesenoughlighttopermanentlydamageyoureyes.Oureyesneverdevelopedtolookatthesunwithoutsufferingseveredamage.Regularsunglassesarenotsafetouse.(在日食期間，必須佩戴特殊的日食眼鏡。這是因?yàn)樘柕谋砻娣浅Ｃ髁?，如果你盯著它的任何一部分，不管它有多小，它都會產(chǎn)生足夠的光來永久性地傷害你的眼睛。我們的眼睛從未發(fā)育到不受嚴(yán)重傷害就能看太陽的程度。普通的太陽鏡不安全)”以及問號可知，本句主要是引起后文如何安全觀看日食的問題，故C選項(xiàng)“我們怎樣才能安全地觀看日食”符合語境，故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“besuretheyaremadebyprofessionalcompanies(確保它們是由專業(yè)公司制作的)”可知，本句是在說明購買了日食眼鏡的情況，A選項(xiàng)中eclipseglasses對應(yīng)后文they。故A選項(xiàng)“如果你買日食眼鏡”符合語境，故選A。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MydadlovedeverythingaboutNorthernSoulmusic.He____21____inEnglandinthe1960swhenthemusicwaspopular.Hehada____22____childhoodthere.Ibelievethismusic____23____himthroughhardtimesinhislife.Attheageof57,hewasdiagnosed(診斷)withcancer.Whenhewas____24____fromthecancer,healsoturnedtohismusic.Themusicmadehim____25____andhewantedtodance.OneofthesongsIknewhe____26____was“BecauseOfYou”byJackieWilson.He____27____toldmewhyhelikedit,butafterlisteningtothe____28____ofthesong,Ibelieveditwasformymother,who____29____him.Butmymominsistedtheysavedeachother.Thesong____30____meofthetimewhenmydadandIweresittinginhislivingroomafterhewasdiagnosedwithcancerandhetoldmethiswashisfavoritesong.I_____31_____itdowninmynotesectionofmyphonebecauseIknewitwas_____32_____torememberit.Weendedup_____33_____itathismemorialservice.Italsoremindsmeofhowmymomanddad_____34_____.Mydadwasonly23andwastryingtofindhiswayin_____35_____.Mymomwas22andwasalsotryingtofindherway.Theyhelpedeachotherover40years.21.A.gotup B.grewup C.hurriedup D.stayedup22.A.different B.great C.common D.poor23.A.helped B.touched C.treated D.prevented24.A.learning B.escaping C.suffering D.recovering25.A.upset B.happy C.puzzled D.surprised26.A.desired B.taught C.preferred D.recorded27.A.ever B.still C.just D.never28.A.words B.audiences C.needs D.singers29.A.left B.lost C.believed D.saved30.A.tells B.warns C.reminds D.informs31.A.handed B.broke C.turned D.wrote32.A.important B.natural C.possible D.simple33.A.creating B.forgetting C.playing D.introducing34.A.met B.quarreled C.united D.argued35.A.advance B.life C.person D.hospital【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.C27.D28.A29.D30.C31.D32.A33.C34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹作者的父親喜歡音樂，音樂幫助作者的父親度過艱難的日子，并且作者記下了父親最喜歡的歌，因?yàn)檫@首歌會讓作者想起父母的相遇?！?1題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他在20世紀(jì)60年代英國長大，當(dāng)時(shí)音樂很流行。A.gotup起床；B.grewup長大；C.hurriedup趕快；D.stayedup熬夜。根據(jù)下文“inEnglandinthe1960swhenthemusicwaspopular”和常識可推測，作者的父親在20世紀(jì)60年代的英國長大，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他在那里度過了一個(gè)不幸的童年。A.different不同的；B.great極好的；C.common普通的；D.poor不幸的。根據(jù)下文“throughhardtimesinhislife”可知，此處表示不幸的童年，故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我相信這種音樂幫助他度過了人生中的艱難時(shí)期。A.helped幫助；B.touched觸摸；C.treated對待；D.prevented阻止。根據(jù)上文“MydadlovedeverythingaboutNorthernSoulmusic.”和下文“Whenhewas____4____fromthecancer,healsoturnedtohismusic.”可知，是音樂幫助作者的父親度過人生中的艱難時(shí)期，故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他遭受癌癥折磨時(shí)，他也向他的音樂求助。A.learning學(xué)習(xí)；B.escaping逃跑；C.suffering遭受；D.recovering恢復(fù)。根據(jù)前文“Ibelievethismusic____3____himthroughhardtimesinhislife.”可知，作者的父親遭受癌癥折磨時(shí)，也是讓音樂幫助他緩解疼痛，sufferfrom，意為“遭受，忍受”，符合語境，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：音樂使他高興，他想跳舞。A.upset不安的；B.happy高興的；C.puzzled困惑的；D.surprised驚訝的。根據(jù)下文“hewantedtodance”可知，音樂能讓他開心，故選B?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道他更喜歡的一首歌是杰基·威爾遜的《因?yàn)槟恪?。A.desired渴望；B.taught教；C.preferred更喜歡；D.recorded記錄。根據(jù)下文“He____7____toldmewhyhelikedit”可知，此處表示的是喜歡的一首歌，故選C?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他從來沒有告訴我他為什么喜歡這首歌，但在聽了這首歌的歌詞后，我相信這是因?yàn)槲业哪赣H，她拯救了他。A.ever曾經(jīng)；B.still仍然；C.just只是；D.never從不。根據(jù)下文“butafterlisteningtothe____8____ofthesong,Ibelieveditwasformymother”可知，上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明父親從未告訴作者為什么喜歡這首歌，但通過聽歌詞作者知道是因?yàn)槟赣H而喜歡那首歌，故選D?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.words歌詞；B.audiences觀眾；C.needs需求；D.singers歌手。根據(jù)上文“OneofthesongsIknewhe____6____was“BecauseOfYou”byJackieWilson.”可知，作者是聽到了這首歌的歌詞，故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.left離開；B.lost失去；C.believed相信；D.saved拯救。根據(jù)下文“Butmymominsistedtheysavedeachother.”可知，此處是save的同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選D。【30題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這首歌讓我想起了父親被診斷出患有癌癥后，我們坐在他