2017年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語(二)真題及解析

2017年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語（二）真題及解析

（江南博哥）

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答1-20題

Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisno

different,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain1thattechnologyis

replacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbe

definedby_2_.Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswill

struggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.

Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3_holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofa

differentsort,one_4_bypurposelessness:Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5,people

willsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.6,today'sunemployeddon'tseemtobe

havingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohave

beenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletherate

for_7_Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe_8_forrisingratesofmortality,

mental-healthproblems,andaddicting_9_poorly-educated,middle-agedpeopleisa

shortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofa

joblessfuture.

Butitdoesn't11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbe

filledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployedinasociety

builtontheconceptofemployment.Inthe13ofwork,asocietydesignedwithother

endsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborand

leisure.Today,the15ofworkmaybeabitoverblown."Manyjobsareboring,

degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,"saysJohnDanaher,alecturer

attheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.

Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers,peopleusetheir

freetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17oftheirjobs."WhenI

comehomefromahardday'swork,Ioftenfeel18Danahersays,adding,"Ina

worldinwhichIdon'thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent"—perhapsdifferent

enoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusually

reservedfor20matters.

1、［單選題］第（1）題選______.

A.boasting

B.denying

C.warning

0.ensuring

正確答案：C

參考解析：文章首句說，幾個世紀以來，人們一直都在推測未來將沒有工作。

空格所在句意：現(xiàn)如今也不例外，很多學者，作家和激進分子都再次:技

術(shù)正取代人類勞動力。結(jié)合選項，boasting意為"夸耀，吹噓"，denying意

為"否認，拒絕承認"，warning意為"提醒，警告"，ensuring意為"確保，

保證"。這里warning符合題意，故選C。

2、［單選題］第（2）題選____.

A.inequality

B.instability

C.unreliability

0.uncertainty

正確答案：A

參考解析：根據(jù)空格后面的句子：少數(shù)富人將擁有全部資本，而普通群眾卻只

能掙扎在貧困的荒原?？赏茢嗫崭袼诰涮岬降氖澜鐟?yīng)該被定義為不平等的世界。

結(jié)合選項，inequality意為"不平等"，instability意為"不穩(wěn)定",unreliability

意為"不可靠"，uncertainty意為"不確定"。inequality符合題意，故選A。

3、［單選題］第（3）題選______.

A.policy

B.guideline

C.resolution

0.prediction

正確答案：D

參考解析:空格后"holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferent

sort"中that從句是對空格詞匯的修飾與說明，既然文中有表示將來時態(tài)的助動

詞則"預想，預測"符合題意，故選

will,predictionDo

4、［單選題］第（4）題選_____.

A.characterized

B.divided

C.balanced

0.measured

正確答案：A

參考解析：空格所在句前提到一種形式的荒地，one為同位語，用來說明荒地

的特征，結(jié)合選項，characterized"具有……的特征"，符合題意，故選A。

5、［單選題］第（5）題選_____.

A.wisdom

B.meaning

C.glory

D.freedom

正確答案：B

參考解析：空格句后面的表述是空格前內(nèi)容的具體闡述，圍繞

purposelessness進行論述。結(jié)合選項，wisdom意為"智慧"，meaning"意

義，含義"，glory意為"光榮，榮譽"，freedom意為"自由"。meaning

符合題意，故選

Bo

6、［單選題］第（6）題選_____.

A.Instead

B.Indeed

C.Thus

0.Nevertheless

正確答案：B

參考解析：由于空格前后并無轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，排除instead"相反"和nevertheless

"然而"，也無因果關(guān)系，排除thus"因此，所以"，故選B。

7、［單選題］第（7）題選_____.

A.rich

B.urban

C.working

0.educated

正確答案：C

參考解析：根據(jù)空格所在句意：一項蓋洛普調(diào)查機構(gòu)的民意調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，在失業(yè)

至少一年的美國人中，20%會患抑郁癥，是____美國人患抑郁癥的兩倍。上文

提到未就業(yè)的人生活也不開心，說明上下文討論的是失業(yè)與否與人精神生活之間

的關(guān)系，"有工作的，在工作的"，符合題意，故選

workingCo

8、［單選題］第（8）題選____.

A.explanation

B.requirement

C.compensation

0.substitute

正確答案：A

參考解析：由Also可知，前后句為遞進關(guān)系。前句說在失業(yè)至少1年的美國

人中，20%患有抑郁癥;空格所在句意：對……上升的__是缺乏待遇優(yōu)厚的工

作，空格處應(yīng)填入表示"解釋，說明”的詞。結(jié)合選項，explanation意為"解

釋"，requirement意為"要求"，compensation意為"補償".substitute

意為"替代"。explanation符合題意，故選A。

9、［單選題］第（9）題選____.

A.under

B.beyond

C.alongside

D.among

正確答案：D

參考解析：此處是指前者的發(fā)生范圍。among意為"在……中”，表示范圍,

符合語義，故選

De

10、［單選題］第（10）題選_____.

A.leavebehind

B.makeup

C.worryabout

D.setaside

正確答案：C

參考解析：空格所在句意：或許這就是為什么許多人無工作的未來是多

么痛苦和枯燥。其中，"這"指代上文提到?jīng)]有工作所帶來的負面影響，前后句

為順承關(guān)系，語義保持一致。結(jié)合選項，worryabout（擔心，憂慮）符合題意，

故選c。

11、［單選題悌（11）題選_____.

A.statistically

B.occasionally

C.necessarily

0.economically

正確答案：C

參考解析：But表示轉(zhuǎn)折，doesn'tnecessarily意為"不一定"，符合此處

語義，故選

c0

12、［單選題］第（12）題選_____.

A.chances

B.downsides

C.benefits

0.principles

正確答案：B

參考解析：根據(jù)空格句Suchvisions指代第二段提到的觀點，即是沒有工作

會導致一系列負面問題，故所填詞應(yīng)含有消極色彩。結(jié)合選項，chances意為"機

會"，downsides意為"不利，弊端"，benefits意為"利益，好處"，principles

意為"原則"。這里符合題意，故選

downsidesBe

13、［單選題悌（13）題選_____.

A.absence

B.height

C.face

D.course

正確答案：A

參考解析：上文提到，只是在以職業(yè)為基礎(chǔ)的社會里，一旦失業(yè)會產(chǎn)生一些弊

端。而空格所在句意：對于一個建立在其他理念的社會，沒有工作，未來的工作

和娛樂一定會產(chǎn)生不同的情形。結(jié)合選項，absence（缺失，缺席）代入空格處，

意為"在沒有工作的情況下"，符合題意，故選

intheabsenceofworkAo

14、［單選題］第（14）題選____.

A.disturb

B.restore

C.exclude

D.yield

正確答案：D

參考解析：該空格所選詞匯的主語是asociety,賓語是different

,根據(jù)主謂一致原則，"產(chǎn)生"，符合題意，故選

circumstancesyieldDe

15、［單選題悌（15）題選______.

A.model

B.practice

C.virtue

0.hardship

正確答案：C

參考解析：文中"overblown"一詞為解題線索，意為"吹散，吹倒"，表貶

義。后面的內(nèi)容“Manyjobsareboring.degrading.unhealthy,andawaste

ofhumanpotential,zsaysJohnDanahe,alecturerattheNational

UniversityofIrelandinGalway是對這句話的進一步解釋，結(jié)合語義理解，

〃優(yōu)點，美德"，符合題意，故選

virtuec0

16、［單選題］第（16）題選____.

A.tricky

B.lengthy

C.mysterious

0.scarce

正確答案：D

參考解析：結(jié)合常識及語義理解，多數(shù)上班族的閑暇時間應(yīng)該是缺乏的，所以

scarce"稀有的，缺乏的"，符合題意，故選D。

17、［單選題］第（17）題選_____.

A.demands

B.standards

C.qualities

0.threats

正確答案：A

參考解析：空格句大意：人們利用空余時間達到工作中知識和情感的平

衡。結(jié)合選項，demands意為"需求",standards意為"標準",qualities

意為"質(zhì)量，品質(zhì)"，threats意為"威脅"，這里demands符合題意，知識

和情感均屬于人的需求，故選

Ao

18、［單選題］第（18）題選_____.

A.ignored

B.tired

C.confused

D.starved

正確答案：B

參考解析：空格所在句意：當達納赫工作一天回家后，他的感覺0下文

提到在沒有工作的世界里，達納赫可以做任何自己感興趣的事情，他對不工作持

正面態(tài)度，因此，空格所填詞應(yīng)表達"勞累，疲憊”等含義的詞。結(jié)合選項,ignored

意為"忽視"，tired意為"疲憊的"，confused"困惑的"，starved意為"饑

餓的"。tired符合題意,故選Be

19、［單選題］第（19）題選____.

A.off

B.against

C.behind

D.into

正確答案：D

參考解析：throwoneselfinto…固定搭配，意為"一頭扎進；投身于，積極

從事"，故選D。

20、［單選題］第（20）題選_____.

A.technological

B.professional

C.educational

0.interpersonal

正確答案：B

參考解析：此處空格所填詞和前面的intensity（強度）形成呼應(yīng),professional

〃專業(yè)的，職業(yè)的"，符合題意，故選Bo

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答21-25題

EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5km

aroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsand

hasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedby

thousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;their

timesrangefromAndrewBaddeley'sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoan

hour.

ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon'sOlympic"legacy"isfailing.Tenyearsagoon

Monday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.

PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevera

nationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,

healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.

Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun-upto

2012—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenow

fallingatanacceleratingrate.

Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweek

havenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.Official

retrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto"inspireageneration".The

successofParkrunoffersanswers.

Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethos

welcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclapped

overthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,

wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedual

aimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfor

newcomers.

Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanning

ofsuchafundamentally"grassroots",conceptascommunitysportsassociations.If

thereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinproviding

commongoods—makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopave

tennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesin

schools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreen

spaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportin

education.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomore

toprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.

21、［單選題］AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.

A.gainedgreatpopularity

B.createdmanyjobs

C.strengthenedcommunityties

D.becomeanofficialfestival

正確答案：A

參考解析：由題干可以快速定位到文章的第一段，第一段講了每周六有五萬多

人在他們當?shù)氐墓珗@里跑步，跑步的年齡跨度之大：從4歲的小朋友到祖父母年

紀的人都有；跑步所用的時間跨度也很大：從世界紀錄的13分48秒到一個小

時。由此可見，這是一個全民運動，與A選項的greatpopularity相互對應(yīng)，

所以選A。B"創(chuàng)造了很多就業(yè)機會"，C"增強了社會的凝聚力"與D"成為一

個官方的節(jié)日”在原文中都沒有涉及，所以排除。

22、［單選題］TheauthorbelievesthatLondon'sOlympic"legacy"hasfailed

to.

A.boostpopulationgrowth

B.promotesportparticipation

C.improvethecity'simage

0.increasesporthoursinschools

正確答案：B

參考解析：可以發(fā)現(xiàn)第二段第一句話"ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon1

sOlympiclegacy1isfai「ng"與題干中的關(guān)鍵詞London1sOlympic//legacy,,

hasfailedt?！瓕?yīng)，所以可以定位到文章的第二段。第二段前半部分講在最初

的時候Olympic的目標，但實際上卻事與愿違，"butthegeneralpopulation

wasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfailingatan

acceleratingrate."由這句話可以看出，Olympic并沒有推動大眾的參與性，

與預期的目標不符，故選

Be

23、［單選題］ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.

A.aimsatdiscoveringtalents

B.focusesonmasscompetition

C.doesnotemphasizeelitism

D.doesnotattractfirst-timers

正確答案：C

參考解析：由題干中ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthat…可

知，本題考查Parkrun和Olympic的區(qū)別。追溯到原文,定位到第三段第一句

MParkrunisnotaracebutatimetrial."這里可以排除A、B項,因為A、

B項都和競爭有關(guān)；D項定位到第三段中"Thereisasmuchjoyovera

puffed-outfirst——timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthere可知,

有很多第一次參加的人，所以排除根據(jù)文意可知，因為不

ParkmnDeparkrun

是比賽，所以就不重視（精英主義），故選

elitismCo

24、［單選題］Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernments

should.

A.organize"grassroots"sportsevents

B.superviselocalsportsassociations

C.increasefundsforsportsclubs

D.investinpublicsportsfacilities

正確答案：D

參考解析：由題干中thegovernmentsshould可知，對于Parkrun這項大

眾運動，政府應(yīng)該做點什么。因此，應(yīng)定位到原文中有關(guān)政府的段落，即第四段

中“Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolved

inprovidingcommongoods-makingsurethereisspaceforplaying

fieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouraging

theprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools."從這里可知，作者希望政

府能夠為Parkrun提供場所和經(jīng)費，并針對學校制定相關(guān)條例以鼓勵全民運動,

故選D。

25、［單選題］Theauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedonefor

sportsis.

A.tolerant

B.critical

C.uncertain

0.sympathetic

正確答案：B

參考解析：由題干中theauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmenthave

doneforsport可再次定位到關(guān)于政府的部分。第四段一開始作者提出自己對政

府的期許，但是事實上，政府卻沒有達到這一期許。原文第四段第三句提到"But

successivegovernmenthavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,

squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsport

ineducation.''政府負責賣地，從地方政府壓榨金錢，不重視學校的體育運

動。由此可見，此處作者指責政府的一系列行為，故選

Bo

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答26-30題

Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabout

theirownscreenuse."Techisdesignedtoreallysuckyouin,"saysJennyRadeskyin

herstudyofdigitalplay,"anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximal

engagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothe

familyroutine.

Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygiving

mother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevices

duringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbal

interactionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphones

becameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremails

whilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andif

thosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedina

device—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe"still

faceexperiment"devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,

amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablank

expressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbecomes

increasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother'sattention."Parentsdon't

havetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceand

parentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbal

expressionsofanemotionalneed,"saysRadesky.

Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useof

screensarebornoutofan"oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshould

alwaysbeinteracting"withtheirchildren:"It'sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,very

white,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou'refailingtoexposeyourchild

to30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem."Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachild

isn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere'snovaluetoit—particularlyifit

givesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheir

child.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendor

getsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletthembe

moreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

26、［單選題］AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesigned

to.

A.simplifyroutinematters

B.absorbuserattention

C.betterinterpersonalrelations

0.increaseworkefficiency

正確答案：B

參考解析：題干考查的是設(shè)計數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品的目的，定位到文中第一段第二行

JennyRadesky說:Techisdesignedtoreallysuckyouin,anddigital

productsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement…電子產(chǎn)品就是為了

促進最大程度的參與性，由此可以得出答案為B"為了吸引用戶的注意力"，其

余三個選項在的話中都沒有體現(xiàn)，故選

JennyRadeskyBe

27、［單選題］Radesky'sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers'useof

devices.

A.takesawaybabies'appetite

B.distractschildren'sattention

C.slowsdownbabies'verbaldevelopment

0.reducesmother-childcommunication

正確答案：D

參考解析：由題干中關(guān)鍵詞food-testingexercise,mother'suseofdevices

可定位至I」第二段第二彳亍“Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduring

theexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewer

nonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren可知，母親使用手機會減少20%

的語言交流機會和39%的非語言交流。結(jié)合選項，D項"減少了母親和孩子之

間的交流”符合題意，故選

De

28、［單選題］Radesky'scitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"toshowthat.

A.itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

B.verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

C.childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood

D.parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

正確答案：D

參考解析:由題干關(guān)鍵詞Radesky和stillfaceexperiment可定位到第三段，

實驗的結(jié)論在本段最后一句的but之后，這里提到"parentsneedtobe

responsive...emotionalneed",父母需要對情感需求做出回應(yīng)。結(jié)合選項，D

項是原文的原詞復現(xiàn)，所以D項正確；A項的blank-expressions是原文實驗

中的具體內(nèi)容，并非實驗表明；B項是最后一句的個別詞干擾，排除B項；C項

偷換概念,文中不是childrenareinsensitive,而是parents,排除c項,故選

De

29、［單選題］TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequires

parentsto.

A.protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

B.teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

C.ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

D.remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreens

正確答案：C

參考解析：由題干的關(guān)鍵詞oppressiveideology和Tronick可定位到最后一

段第一句that之后，其中demands對應(yīng)題干的requires,,結(jié)合選項，C項的

constantinteraction對應(yīng)原文的alwaysinteracting,是對原文的同義改寫，

所以正確；A項的fantasies是定位句下一句的個別詞干擾，排除A項；原文第

四段提到壓制性的意識形態(tài)認為父母與孩子的語言交流要達到3萬詞的量，而非

要教會孩子3萬個單詞，排除B項；原文中的"對孩子使用數(shù)字產(chǎn)品的擔憂"是

壓制性意識形態(tài)所表現(xiàn)出來的結(jié)果，并非題目要求的"對父母提出的要求"，排

除D項。因此選C。

30、［單選題］AccordingtoTronick,kid'suseofscreensmay.

A.givetheirparentssomefreetime

B.maketheirparentsmorecreative

C.helpthemwiththeirhomework

D.helpthembecomemoreattentive

正確答案：A

參考解析：根據(jù)題干中Tronick及kid定位到最后一段的倒數(shù)第三句，破折號

后面解釋了kid'suseofscreens的具體目的。"itgivesparentstimeto...”

與A項完全一致，屬于原文的原詞復現(xiàn)。原文沒有提及"使父母更具創(chuàng)造力”的

內(nèi)容，排除B項。原文最后一段主要講數(shù)字產(chǎn)品對父母的好處，并非對孩子的好

處，并且沒有提到可以幫助孩子完成家庭作業(yè)，以及幫助孩子變得更加專注的相

關(guān)信息，排除C、D項：、

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答31-35題

Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwith

increasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentsto

completelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyou

knowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn'tit?And

aftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn'tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoing

somethingthatisn'tacademic.

Butwhilethismaybetrue,it'snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.

There'salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesocially

perpetuated"racetothefinishline,"whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,

medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyear

doesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits—infact,itprobablyenhancesit.

StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyear

aregenerallybetterpreparedforandperforinbetterincollegethanthosewhodo

not.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparing

themforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges—allthings

thatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessen

theblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnew

environment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesrather

thanacclimationblunders.

Ifyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,

thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.Accordingtothe

NationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendup

changingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn'tsurprising,consideringthebasic

mandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthe

vastacademicpossibilitiesthatawaitthemincollege.Manystudentsfindthemselves

listingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertaking

collegeclasses.It'snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbe

costlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,for

example,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursing

schoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycan

helppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.

31、［單選題］Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakinga

gapyearisthat.

A.theythinkitacademicallymisleading

B.theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege

C.itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers

D.itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses

正確答案：C

參考解析：題目問的是高中畢業(yè)生不選擇間隔年的原因。根據(jù)題目中的

high-school和g叩year可定位到第一段第一句，從afterall可以知道后面是

在解釋理由,HAfterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,

itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn,tit?"這是說如果大家秋天都上大

學去了，你要是晚了一年看起來似乎有點傻。結(jié)合選項，C項中的feelstrange

是其同義轉(zhuǎn)換，故選

tododifferentlyfromothersCo

32、［單選題］StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyear

helps.

A.keepstudentsfrorobeingunrealistic

B.lowerrisksinchoosingcareers

C.easefreshmen'sfinancialburdens

D.relievefreshmenofpressures

正確答案：D

參考解析：根據(jù)題目中的StudiesfromtheAustraliaandUS可以定位到第

三段第一句話"StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthat

studentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforand

performbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.”這句話明確說了有間隔

年的學生比沒有的要好，好在準備和表現(xiàn)方面。所以A:unrealistic和B:

choosingcareer錯誤，排除A、B項；第二句對表現(xiàn)好的、更細致的方面進行

描述：preparingthemforindependence（獨立性）,newresoonsibilities（責

任感）andenvironmentalchanges（環(huán)境變化）。緊隨的破折號后總結(jié)這是

first-yearstudents（一年級學生）oftenstrugglewiththemost（常常有苦惱的）。

說明最受益的是大學一年級學生，而整段都沒提到financialburdens,所以C

項錯誤，排除C項；而D項中的pressure是對前面內(nèi)容的概括性描述，所以D

項正確。

33、［單選題］Theword"acclimation"(Line6,Para.3)isclosestinmeaning

to.

A.adaptation

B.application

C.motivation

0.competition

正確答案：A

參考解析：本題答案在第三段最后一句"G叩yearexperiencescan...whenit

comestoadjustingtocollege...,makingiteasierto...ratherthan

acclimationblunders."這個句子分兩部分，逗號+making分詞作狀語，從

功能上是補充說明前面半句，所以間隔年的好處是能幫助新生調(diào)節(jié)適應(yīng)大學，而

不用擔心acclimation問題,所以acclimation是"適應(yīng)”的意思,不叩tion

是對acclimation的同義改寫，所以A項正確。

34、［單選題］Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelping

them.

A.avoidacademicfailures

B.establishlong-termgoals

C.switchtoanothercollege

D.decideontherightmajor

正確答案：D

參考解析：文章最后一段第一句提到"consideritsfinancialimpacton

futureacademicchoices.",financial對應(yīng)題干中的savemoney,而

academicchoices（學術(shù)選擇）可以排除A項和B項。根據(jù)最后一段第三句"…

students...listingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingto

anotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.”可知第一句中的academicchoices

指的就是轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)，因此選

De

35、［單選題］Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.

A.InFavoroftheGapYear

B.TheABCsoftheGapYear

C.TheGapYearComesBack

D.TheGapYear:ADilemma

正確答案：A

參考解析：定位到第二段第一句"Butwhilethismaybetrue,itsnota

goodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.”說明全文就是想表達間隔年

是值得的。選項中只有項是持正面積極態(tài)度的.故選

AinfavorofAo

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答36-40題

Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyof

wildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,says

ProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement.

In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5

billionannualbudgetfightingfires—nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuch

efforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardsthe

agency'sotherwork—suchasforestconservation,watershedandculturalresources

management,andinfrastructureupkeep—thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.

Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoing

intoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederal

dollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?

"It'salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectiveforthewhole

country,"hesays."Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.Like,'Waitaminute,

isthisOK?'Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateon

lower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?"

SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviews

fire,researcherssay.

Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Overthepast

decade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange—howthewarmingoftheEarthfrom

greenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.

Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn'tcomeattheexpenseofthe

restoftheequation.

"Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinteractions

gobothways,"hesays.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto"anoverly

simplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Ourperceptionoftheproblemandof

whatthesolutionisbecomesverylimited".

Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewholly

controlledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversity

ofColorado.Butacknowledgingfire'sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitude

crucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,

shesays.

"We'vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,"Balchsays,"Itisreally

importanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwith

firetoday."

36、［單選題］Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcern

becausein2015they.

A.exhaustedunprecedentedmanagementefforts

B.consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget

C.severelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstates

D.causedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditure

正確答案：B

參考解析根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞wildfires和