2023-2024學(xué)年譯林版（2019）必修 第三冊Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Reading知識點(diǎn)學(xué)案（含答案）

B3U4Welcometotheunit&Reading學(xué)案重點(diǎn)詞匯詮釋1intendvt.&vi.打算，計(jì)劃，想要(1)intenddoingsth./todosth.打算/想要做某事(2)intendsb.todosth.想要某人做某事(3)intentionn.[C，U]意圖withtheintentionof...打算……(4)intendedadj.打算的，計(jì)劃的，意欲達(dá)到的；為……打算(或設(shè)計(jì))的beintendedfor...(＝bemeantfor...)是為……打算(或設(shè)計(jì))的beintendedtodosth.打算做某事，旨在做某事?MrWhiteisbackhomenowandintendstowriteabookabouthisadventure.懷特先生現(xiàn)在回家了，打算寫一本關(guān)于他的奇遇的書。?Heintendshissontotakeoverhisbusiness.他打算讓他的兒子接管他的生意。?Theywentintotownwiththeintentionofvisitingthelibrary.他們進(jìn)了城，打算參觀圖書館。?Theseroomsareintendedforgroupdiscussionandseminars.這些房間用于小組討論和研討會。單句語法填空/完成句子①Idon'tintendanyone________(see)thepaintinguntilitisfinished.②Everythingtheydoisintended________(improve)thelivingstandards.③Thisprogrammewassetupwiththe________(intend)ofprovidinghelpforhomelesspeople.④他們本來打算幫忙，但是沒能及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。They__________________________butcouldn'tgetthereintime.2referto查閱，參考；描述，與……相關(guān)，涉及；說及，談到，說起referto...as...將……稱為……?Youcanrefertomynotesifyoureviewwhatyouhavestudied.你如果復(fù)習(xí)你所學(xué)功課的話，可以參考我的筆記。?Thisparagraphreferstotheeventsoflastyear.這一段說的是去年發(fā)生的事。?WhatIhavetosayreferstoallofyou.我要說的話關(guān)系到你們所有人。?YouknowwhoI'mreferringto.你知道我說的是誰。?Thebookreferredtobythepsychologistcanteachyouhowtofindwhatiscausingpressureinyourlife.那位心理學(xué)家提到的那本書可以教你如何找出在你的生活中引起壓力的東西。?PeoplerefertoWuyuanasthemostbeautifulvillageinChina.人們把婺源稱為中國最美麗的鄉(xiāng)村。判斷下列句子中referto的含義/結(jié)合referto和lookup的相關(guān)用法完成句子①Studyskillsrefertobehavioursthatleadtoacademicsuccess.________________②Inallwalksoflife,whenreferringtosomeone'ssuccess,weoftenusethewords“effortsanddetermination”．________________③HereferredtoahistorybooktofindoutwhentheFrenchRevolutionbrokeout.________________④懷特教授在會上提到的那封信是他父親寫的。Theletter________________atthemeetingbyProfessorWhiteiswrittenbyhisfather.⑤阿姆斯特丹因其便利的橋梁和運(yùn)河系統(tǒng)，常被稱為“北方的威尼斯”。Amsterdamisoften__________________________the“VeniceoftheNorth”duetoitsconvenientsystemofbridgesandcanals.3limitedadj.有限的(1)limitvt.限制，限定n.[C]限度，限制；界限，范圍limit...to...把……限制在……內(nèi)(其被動(dòng)形式為belimitedto...)withoutlimit無限地，無限制地withinlimits在一定范圍內(nèi)，適度地；有限度地setalimiton...對……作出限制Thereisa/nolimitto...……是有/無限度的。(to是介詞)(2)unlimitedadj.盡量多的，任意多的，無限制的limitlessadj.無限制的，無界限的，無止境的limitationn.[U]限制，控制；[C，usuallypl.]局限，限度?Justlikeaseavoyage,ourlifejourney,whosedaysarelimited,isfullofdifficultiesandsurprises.正像一次海上航行，我們有限的生命旅程充滿了困難和驚喜。?Theymayonlyhavealimitedamountoftimetogettheirpointsacross.他們可能只有有限的時(shí)間來闡述清楚他們的觀點(diǎn)。?Theteachingofhistoryshouldnotbelimitedtodatesandfigures.教授歷史不應(yīng)該局限于講年代和人物。?There'snolimittowhatyoucandoifyoutry.如果你努力的話，成就無可限量。特別提示與limit搭配的“to”為介詞，后跟名詞、動(dòng)名詞。即學(xué)即練用limit的適當(dāng)形式填空/結(jié)合limit的用法完成句子①Whenpeopleliveonavery________diet,itisnecessarytomakeaspecialefforttosupplythemissingvitamins.②Theknowledgeofthechildrenis________，buttheirimaginationis________.③在我看來，你們最好給這次旅行的費(fèi)用定一個(gè)限度。Inmyopinion,youhadbetter__________________________theexpenseofthistrip.④生命是有限的，但學(xué)習(xí)是無限的。Lifeislimited，butthereis______________________________．4postponevt.延遲，延期(1)postponesth.(to/until...)推遲……(到……)(2)postponedoingsth.推遲做某事?We'llhavetopostponethemeetinguntil/tonextweek.我們不得不把會議推遲到下星期。?Let'spostponemakingadecisionuntilwehavemoreinformation.我們等有更多信息之后再做決定吧。單句語法填空①Hedecidedtopostpone________(buy)thehousebecausehismotherwasill,whichcosthimalotofmoney.②Theheavyrainlastedforaboutaweeksothatthesportsmeetinghadto________(postpone)untilthenextmonth.5speedup(使)加速(1)speedvi.快速前行vt.加速，促進(jìn)speedby(時(shí)間)飛快地過去(2)speedn.[C，U]速度；[U]快，迅速atlow/high/full/topspeed以低/高/全/最高速ata/thespeedof...以……的速度pickupspeed加快速度atspeed迅速?Nancy,ifyoudon'tspeedup,we'llbethereatmidnight.南希，如果你不加快速度，我們將會半夜才到那兒。?Facingsuchagoodopportunity,wemustspeedupproduction.面對這么好的機(jī)會，我們必須加速生產(chǎn)。?Timealwaysspeedsbywhenyou'rehavingagoodtime.快樂的時(shí)光總是過得飛快。?Thetrainistravellingataspeedofeightymilesanhour.火車正以每小時(shí)80英里的速度行進(jìn)。?Heisdrivingathighspeed.他正開車高速行駛。單句語法填空/結(jié)合speed的用法完成句子①Tospeed________theflowoftraffic,thegovernmentofourcityhasdecidedtobroadensomemainstreets.②那輛小汽車以每小時(shí)100千米的速度行駛。Thecarran________________________________100kilometresperhour.③急剎車會是非常嚇人的經(jīng)歷，特別是你正在高速行進(jìn)的時(shí)候。Bringingyourcartoasuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience，especiallywhenyouaretravelling________________________________________________．④我們?nèi)绻爰皶r(shí)到達(dá)那里，最好加快速度。We'dbetter________________________________________ifwewanttogetthereintime.6payoff取得成功，奏效；付清，償清payback還錢payfor...支付……的錢，為……付出代價(jià)?Withthehelpofalotofpeople,ourplanpaidoff.在很多人的幫助下，我們的計(jì)劃成功了。?Allhiseffortshavepaidoffandhisdreamhascometrue.他所有的努力都得到了回報(bào)，他的夢想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。?Thepoorcoupleworkedharddayandnightinordertopayofftheirdebts.這對可憐的夫婦日夜努力工作以償清債務(wù)。結(jié)合pay的相關(guān)短語完成句子①Ourteachersoftentellusthateveryminutewespendonstudywillfinally________inthenearfuture.②J.K.Rowlingspentmanyhoursinawarmcafebecauseshehadnomoneyto________theheatingathome.7conductvt.實(shí)施，執(zhí)行；安排；帶領(lǐng)；舉行，表現(xiàn)vi.&vt.指揮(歌唱或音樂演奏)n．[U]行為，舉止；管理方法(1)conductasurvey/anexperiment/aninterview進(jìn)行調(diào)查/實(shí)驗(yàn)/面試(2)conductoneselfwell/badly(行為)表現(xiàn)好/差(3)conductorn.[C](樂隊(duì)等的)指揮；(公共汽車的)售票員；列車長；導(dǎo)體?Thegovernmentconductedasurveytofindoutlocalreactiontothesportscentre.政府進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)查，以了解當(dāng)?shù)厝藢w育中心的反應(yīng)。?Ontheseconddayofthisjourney,theguideconductedusaroundtheWestLake.在這次旅行的第二天，導(dǎo)游帶領(lǐng)我們游覽了西湖。?Childasheis,hereallyconductshimselfwellbeforeguests.他雖然還是個(gè)孩子，但在客人面前表現(xiàn)得很好。?TheconcertconductedbyAndrewturnedouttobeverysuccessful.安德魯指揮的那場音樂會很成功。?Hisconductdisagreeswithhiswords.他言行不一。?Hisconductofthebusinesswasverysuccessful.他經(jīng)商非常成功。選出能替換下列句子中畫線部分的詞語/完成句子①UsingAI,manycompaniesarenowconductingexperimentsthatcouldn'thavebeenpossiblejustafewyearsago.(performing/describing)________________②Myfriendconductedusaroundtheoldestmuseuminthecountry.(led/invited)________________③I'mgladtoseeyourconductatschoolimproved.(operation/behaviour)________________④我們正在進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，以了解顧客對當(dāng)?shù)毓财嚪?wù)系統(tǒng)的看法。Weare__________________________________________tofindoutwhatcustomersthinkofthelocalbusservice.重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)1(教材原句)Evenwithlargeamountsofqinghaoextractproduced,however,theystillfacedanotherproblem.然而，即使生產(chǎn)了大量的青蒿提取物，他們?nèi)匀幻媾R著另一個(gè)問題。[句式分析]本句為簡單句。with...produced為“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。[考點(diǎn)提煉]“with＋賓語(名詞/代詞)＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)此結(jié)構(gòu)為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一種，其中過去分詞(短語)表示被動(dòng)或動(dòng)作已完成。Allafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門在房里工作。(thedoor與lock是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)Withhishaircut,helookedmuchyounger.由于理了發(fā)，他看起來年輕多了。(hair與cut是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)[歸納拓展]with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的其他形式：with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中通常作狀語，表示伴隨、方式、原因或條件等。該結(jié)構(gòu)常見的其他形式有：(1)with＋賓語＋形容詞/副詞Insummer,sheusuallysleepswiththewindowsopen.在夏天，她通常開著窗戶睡覺。Shelefttheroomwithallthelightson.她離開了房間，所有的燈還亮著。(2)with＋賓語＋現(xiàn)在分詞(表示主動(dòng)、動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)。注意不能用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。Shefellasleepwiththelightburning.她睡著了，燈還亮著。(3)with＋賓語＋動(dòng)詞不定式Sheknewthatwithhimtohelpher,shecouldandwouldsucceed.她知道，有他幫忙，她能夠而且會成功。(4)with＋賓語＋介詞短語(表示賓語所處的狀態(tài))Don'tstandwithyourhandsinyourpockets.站著的時(shí)候不要把你的雙手插在口袋里。單句語法填空/寫作升級(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))①Theproblemofphoneaddiction(癮)hasbeenobservedsinceafewyearsago,withexpertsandpsychologists________(try)toincreaseawarenessofthisproblem.②Withsomanyproblems________(discuss),wedecidedtoholdanothermeetingassoonaspossible.③Withthevirus________(spread)rapidlyinthisregion,alargeamountofequipmentaswellasmedicalexpertsfromabroadhasbeensentheresofar.④ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbills________(attach)toitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”⑤Theboyledthewayandwefoundthehouseeasily.→__________________________，wefoundthehouseeasily.⑥Thereisanexamtotaketomorrow,soIcan'tgotothecinematonight.→____________________tomorrow,Ican'tgotothecinematonight.⑦Asalltheworkwasfinished,hewenthomehappily.→__________________________，hewenthomehappily.2(教材原句)Thetrialsonpatientswerelikelytobepostponedbecausetheydidnothavesufficientsafetydata.在患者身上進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)可能會被推遲，因?yàn)樗麄儧]有足夠的安全數(shù)據(jù)。[句式分析]本句為“sb.islikelytodosth.”(某人有可能做某事)的變異形式。辨：可能性大?。簆robable>likely>possibleSb./Sth.bepossibletodosth.(×)Sb./Sth.beprobabletodosth.(×)Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.(√)Itislikely/possible/probablethat...(√)“l(fā)ikely”的主語既可以是人，也可以是物，還可以是形式主語it；而possible,probable通常只能用it作形式主語單句語法填空①Thesedevelopmentsarelikely________(make)ourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.②Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikely________(beat)thebiggestcarcompanies.③Womenwhodrankalotofcoffeeweremorelikely________(have)childrenwithbirthdefects.Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Theyhavebeen________(徹底的，完全的)enemieseversincetheexperimentprovedafailure.2．Theceremonyinthisprovinceisa________(幸存的事物)frompre-Christiantimes.3．Thethunderstormbringinggreatlosswasinseveral________(省份)alongtheYangtzeRiver.4．Shetooka________(廣泛的)viewofthedutiesofbeingapolitician.5．Shewas________(想要，計(jì)劃)toplayaleadingroleinthespaceexploration.6．What'sher________(方法，秘訣)forsellinghouseholdappliances?7．Ididn'tfollowarecipebooksoitwasan________(嘗試，實(shí)踐)．8．Limitedbyexperimentdevices,weshouldhavethemachineon________(實(shí)驗(yàn)，試用)foranotherweek.9．Waterresourceisvitaltohumans'survivalanddevelopment,andit's________(有限的)．10．Hedecidedto________(推遲)thelectureuntilthefollowingday.11．Hehad________(充分的)datafortheresearch.12．The________(數(shù)據(jù))alsoshowedthateatingdarkchocolatemayexertadditionalbeneficialeffectsthroughoutthewholebody.13．Iexploretheblackcolordifferently,notasa________(純粹的)color,butastheexistenceofshadow.14．Hecontinuesto________(開講座),conductresearch,teachandpublishscientificpapers.15.Theyarehappytodiscussand________(探索)multiplepossibilitiesandarekeentochallengeconventionalwisdom.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．SomehouseholdsareaddictedtothenewTVprogramabout________(survive)inthewild.2．Peterhadintended________(take)ajobinbusiness,butabandonedthatplanbyaccidentforanunpleasantexperienceinCanadain2020.3．Canyoutellusyourrecipe________thetheorystudy?4．WhenIamfacedwithdifficultiesinillustratingthespecifictheory,Iusuallychoosetorefer________webpages.5．“TheThinkingLaboratory”referstoaworkshopinwhichthekidscarryout________(experiment)．6．Toloseweight,heintendstolimithimself________threecupsofmilkandseveralfruitsaday.7．Itwasanunpopulardecisiontopostpone________(build)thenewhospitalinthisprovince.8．Sherecovered________(sufficient)toaccompanyChouonhistourofJiangsuProvince.9．BillRobinsonwillfirstbeput________trialformurder,basedonthesufficientdata.10．Thecobra,containingdeadlypoison,isoneoftheworld's________(deadly)snakes.11．Astothetradition,Hindususually________(pure)themselvesbybathingintheriverGanges.12．Wearegoingtolistentoalecture________thespaceexplorationthisafternoon.13．Hewasalwaysputtingforwardmanycreativeideasforustoexploreinsteadofstandinginfrontofus________(lecture)foraperiod.14．Mr.Sandalwaysencouragedus________(explore)theevolutionoftheanimals.15．Whenhumansareintimesofdisaster,theyalwaysshowthe________(wise)tostaypositiveandtheintelligencetorebuildforabrighterfuture.Ⅲ.完成句子1．由于在日常烹調(diào)中使用草藥，那位老太太比她所有的兄弟姐妹多活了10年。(survivesb.by)Theoldladyhas_________________________________________tenyearsforusingherbsindailycookery.2．他已下定決心要他的兒子管理作坊。(intendsb.todosth.)Hehasmadeuphismindto____________________________managetheworkshop.3．如果你想做關(guān)于電現(xiàn)象的實(shí)驗(yàn)，你想用什么材料呢？(experimentwith)________________________________，whatmaterialswouldyouuse?4．他很可能會在下周的演講中出現(xiàn)。(Sb./Sth.islikelytodosth.)________________________________inthelecturenextweek.5．直到那時(shí)，我才意識到他們的婚姻正在破裂，因?yàn)樗麄儧]有什么共同之處。(Itwasnotuntil...that...)________________________________Irealizedtheirmarriagewasbreakingupbecausetheyhadlittleincommon.Ⅳ.課文語法填空Becauseofhercontributiontothefightagainstmalaria,TuYouyouhasbecomethefirstfemaleChinesescientist1.________(receive)aNobelPrize.Bornin1930,inNingbo,ZhejiangProvince,Tu2.________(study)medicineatuniversityinBeijingandacquiredabroadknowledgeofbothChineseandWesternmedicine.In1969shebecameheadofateamthatintendedtofindacure3.________malaria.4.________(inspire)bya1，700-year-oldtextaboutpreparingqinghaowithcoldwater,shetriedextractingtheherbatalowtemperatureinordernottodamageits5.________(effect)part.Shefinallysucceededinmakingaqinghaoextractthatcouldtreatmalariainmice.6.________，thetrialsonrealpatientswerelikelyto7.________(postpone)becausetheydidnothavesufficientdata.Tospeeduptheprocessandensureits8.________(safe),