2022年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)-動(dòng)詞不定式（無(wú)答案）

中考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)——?jiǎng)釉~不定式趨勢(shì)研判。Whydon’tyougoouttoplay,Rose?(12)I’mafraidIcan’t.Ihavemuchhomework_______.doB.doesC.doingD.todoHepromise_______hisoldfriendduringhisstayinTianjin.(13)seeB.seeingC.sawD.toseeWhenyouleave,pleaseturnoffthelightenergy.(14)saveB.savingC.savedD.tosave4.Myparentsdidn’tallowme_____totheparty.(15)A.go B.togo C.goes D.went5.IwantedtoseetheBeijingOpera,soLinglingoffered_____metowatchanopera.(16)A.took B.takes C.totake D.taking6.Weonlyplannedtheplayforanhour,butintheend,westayedforthreehours.(17)A.watchB.watches C.towatch D.watched7.Harryinvitedme_______withhimwhenhisparentswereoutoftown.(18)A．stay B．staved C．staying D．tostay8.Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparksprotectpandas.(19)A．tohelp B．help C．helped D．helps9.I’vejustwatchedaTVprogrammeaboutspace.Ihope____onthemoononeday.（20）A．walk B．walked C．walking D．towalk10.WhenIwasyoung,myparentstaughtme________olderpeoplekindly.（21）A．treats B．totreat C．treated D．treat11.Tom’smothertoldhim_______eatingtoomuchmeat.(11)A.stoppingB.tostopC.stopsD.stopped二、理論支撐。M5動(dòng)詞不定式(1)：當(dāng)我們要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或決定做某事”時(shí)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞連用的情況。像這種情況，行為動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞采用了“to+”的結(jié)構(gòu)。我們把這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為。它沒(méi)有和的變化，在句中不能作謂語(yǔ)，所以它又被歸為動(dòng)詞中的一種。動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)法功能：首先，它可以在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分，我們結(jié)合本模塊中所出現(xiàn)的包含動(dòng)詞不定式的句子來(lái)看一下:Youknow,Iwanted（see）theBeijingOpera,soLinglingoffered（take）methere.Weonlyplanned（watch）foranhour.我們?cè)戎淮蛩憧匆粋€(gè)小時(shí)。Ihope（understand）morenexttime.我希望下次能懂得多一些?？梢钥闯?，以上句子里want,plan,hope動(dòng)詞后都連接了todosth.的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，這類動(dòng)詞屬于及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞不定式置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后作，表明想要、計(jì)劃或希望要做(或發(fā)生)的事。在英語(yǔ)中，并不是所有的動(dòng)詞在連用時(shí)都采用“動(dòng)詞+不定式”的形式。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，用不定式時(shí)，所表示的多為的行為。但是，在具體使用中同學(xué)們還要注意記憶，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞不同，對(duì)其后動(dòng)詞形式的要求也不同。常見(jiàn)的后面接“to十動(dòng)詞原形”作賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)有:計(jì)劃做某事：決定做某事：想要做某事：希望做某事：提出做某事：盡力努力做某事：喜歡做某事：愛(ài)做某事：學(xué)習(xí)做某事：雙賓語(yǔ)：當(dāng)我們表達(dá)“給某人某物”時(shí)就出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受者，一個(gè)是，一個(gè)是，那么在英語(yǔ)中該如何排列呢?請(qǐng)看下面的例句:Ittellsus（人/物）thestoryofWangLifa（人/物）andthecustomersofhisteahouseinBeijing.該話劇為我們講述的是北京一家茶館的老板王利發(fā)和他的顧客們的故事。LaoSheTeahousegivesawarmwelcome（人/物）toeveryone（人/物）fromallovertheworld.老舍茶館熱情地歡迎來(lái)自世界各地的人們?？梢钥闯?(1)采用了“動(dòng)詞++”的表達(dá)方式,(2)采用了“動(dòng)詞++”的方式。句中動(dòng)詞后面所接的是雙賓語(yǔ)，其中人(第一句中的us與第二句中的everyone)為賓語(yǔ)，物(第一句中的thestory和第二句中的awarmwelcome)為賓語(yǔ)?？梢越与p賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞很多，常見(jiàn)的有:give,bring,lend,pass,send,show,leave,buy,tell,teach,sell等。例如:Mybrotherboughtsomestorybooks.我哥哥給我買了一些故事書(shū)。Myunclegaveaprettybirthdaypresent.我叔叔給了我一個(gè)漂亮的生日禮物。Canyoupassthatpencil?你能把那支鉛筆遞給我嗎?WhoteachesEnglish?誰(shuí)教你(們)英語(yǔ)?注意:雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)為“動(dòng)詞+物+人”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)(人)前要加入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的不同，有時(shí)用有時(shí)用。例如:Mybrotherboughtsomestorybooksme.我哥哥給我買了一些故事書(shū)。Waitersbringteathecustomers.服務(wù)員給顧客上茶。其他常用的結(jié)構(gòu)包括:為某人做飯：=發(fā)送某物給某人：=給某人展示某物：=給某人某物：=教某人某事：=借某人某物：=制作某物為某人：=M6動(dòng)詞不定式（2）在上一個(gè)模塊，我們學(xué)習(xí)了動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的功能，那么，動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)法功能還有哪些呢?我們以課本上的句子為例來(lái)看一下：1...becausepeopleclosertothem.因?yàn)樗?臥龍大熊貓自然保護(hù)區(qū))允許人們更近距離地接觸它們(大熊貓)。2.TheWorldWideFundforNature(WWF)thepandaitssymbol.世界自然基金會(huì)選擇了大熊貓作為其標(biāo)志。3theWWFisworkinghardthemall世界自然基金會(huì)正在努力挽救所有的動(dòng)物。觀查以上句子，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞不定式的另外兩種語(yǔ)法功能:一種是在“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的，另一種是在句中表示行為動(dòng)作的，作目的狀語(yǔ)。1.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在以上3個(gè)例句中，句子的不定式都作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。例如句子1中people作allow的,togetclosertothem作賓語(yǔ)people的。賓語(yǔ)people與賓補(bǔ)構(gòu)成關(guān)系，peoplegetclosertothem，這種關(guān)系是其他句型所沒(méi)有的?？捎糜凇皠?dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式”這一結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有很多，例如：允許某人做某事：選擇某人做某事：想要某人做某事：告訴某人做某事：請(qǐng)求某人做某事：邀請(qǐng)某人做某事：幫助某人做某事：鼓勵(lì)某人做某事：需要注意的是:1)以上動(dòng)詞后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，若要表達(dá)否定的意思，要在前加，構(gòu)成的形式。例如:MrHantoldusmaketoomuchnoise.韓先生告訴我們不要弄出太大聲音。Jackietoldmetouchanything!杰基告訴我不要碰任何東西!有些動(dòng)詞后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要將to省略，常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有（初中階段常見(jiàn)不是全部）:四看：三讓：兩聽(tīng)：一感覺(jué)：半幫助：例如:I’llhaveTonyyouaroundtheschool.我會(huì)讓托尼帶你參觀校園。Hiswordsmadeeveryone.他的話讓大家哄堂大笑。但是本模塊的課文中出現(xiàn)了這樣一句話:Manywildanimalsdon'thaveasafeplacetolive.這里的不定式是作（賓語(yǔ)/賓補(bǔ)/狀語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)）。注意:動(dòng)詞help后面可以跟不帶to的不定式，也可以跟帶to的不定式。2.動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)如果表示“”，可以用動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的，上面的例句3中，tosavethemall就是目的狀語(yǔ)。在此情況下，不定式既可放在，也可放在。例如:Dylantrainedhardimprovehisbasketballskills.迪倫刻苦訓(xùn)練以提高自己的籃球技能。也可以說(shuō):improvehisbasketballskills,Dylantrainedhard.當(dāng)然，根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要，動(dòng)詞不定式還可以作原因狀語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等。I’mexcitedtoseepandas.（原因狀語(yǔ)/結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）Jackhurriedtoschool,onlytofindnobodythere.（原因狀語(yǔ)/結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）動(dòng)詞不定式的用法總結(jié)如下:1.作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)wanttodosth.,agreetodosth.,decidetodosth.等結(jié)構(gòu)，這些放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后的不定式作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。例如:IdecidedtojoinsomestudentclubsandtakepartinasmanyactivitiesasIcould.我決定加入一些學(xué)生俱樂(lè)部，盡我所能多參加活動(dòng)。NormanBethunewantedtohelptheChinesepeople,sohecametoChina.諾曼.白求恩想幫助中國(guó)人民，所以他來(lái)到了中國(guó)。2.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)我們常說(shuō)的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是指v.+名詞/代詞+(to)dosth.結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式。這類不定式變否定時(shí)只需在前加not，其中的to在某些動(dòng)詞后需省略。請(qǐng)看以下例句:Itoldthemtostop,buttheywouldn't.我讓他們停下，可他們不聽(tīng)。Theyaskedmetoleave.他們讓我離開(kāi)。MissSmithmadetheboysstayinafterschool.放學(xué)后史密斯小姐讓男孩子們留校了。Let'snotargueaboutit.我們就別爭(zhēng)論這件事了。3.作目的狀語(yǔ)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以放在句末，也可以放在句首。例如:Hegotupatfiveo'clocktocatchtheearlybus.他5點(diǎn)就起床去趕早班車。Towatchbaseball,youneedtogototheYankeeStadium.想看棒球比賽，你得去揚(yáng)基體育場(chǎng)。三、模擬訓(xùn)練。1.I’mnewhere.Don’tworry.I’lltrymybestyou.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpedD.helping2.We’dbetterfollowtheseven-stephandwashingmethodhealthy.A.tokeepB.keepingC.keptD.keep3.WhenIcamein，IsawhimTV.A.watchB.watchesC.watchedD.watching4.Later，developmentsinprintingmadeitpossiblebooksmorequicklyandcheaply.A.produceB.toproduceC.producedD.producing5.Imanagedtheworkontimealthoughitwasverydifficult.A.finishB.finishingC.tofinishD.finished6.Fourboysbrokethewindowsoftheclassroom.SoMissLiumadetheminafterschool.A.tostayB.stayingC.stayD.stayed7.Whenyouleave，pleaseturnoffthelightenergy.A.saveB.savingC.savedD.tosave8.Marydecidedthatdictionaryalthoughitwasexpensive.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.bought9.Myfathergotupearlybreakfastformymotherthismorningbecauseitwasmymother’sbirthday.A.madeB.makingC.makeD.tomake10.IsawPaulthatoldcarwhenIpassedhishouse.A.repairsB.repairingC.repairedD.torepair11.ourprogressinlearningEnglish.A.checkB.checkedC.checkingD.tocheek12.Doyouclimbmountainseveryday？Yes，alittleexercise.I’msooutofshape.A.gettingB.getC.gotD.toget13.Thegirllostherfavouritebook.Shecouldn’thelpA.cryingB.tocryC.criedD.cry14.Doyoualwaysgetupsoearly？Yes,thefirstbus.Myhomeisfarawayfromschool.A.catchB.tocatchC.catchingD.caught15.Ispendalotoftimeonlinelessonsathome.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has16.Hisstorymadeeveryonelaughandwewantedhimonemore.A.tellB.tellingC.totellD.told17.Jack，rememberoffthelightswhenyourbedroom.OK，Iwon’tforget，mom.A.turning:leavingB.toturn；leaveC.turning；leftD.toturn；leaving18.Yourfatherissleeping.You’dbetter.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup19.Weshouldworkhardpeoplekillingtigers.A.stopB.stoppingC.tostopD.stops20.Theboypromisedlateforschoolagain.A.nottobeB.tonotbeC.notbeingD.beingnot21.Vivianrefusesherchildrentotheweekendtrainingcentreforextraclasses.A.tosendB.sendingC.sendD.sends22.ParentsandchildrenalwaysexpectmoreMonkeyKingcartoons.A.seeB.toseeC.sawD.seeing23.IttookmydaughtertwoweeksthenovelsbyYangHongying.A.read;writtenB.toread;writtenC.reading:towriteD.toread:wrote24.Idon’tthinkIcanaffordforthecar.A.payingB.paidC.topayD.pay25.ChoosemeasyourclassmonitorandIpromiseeveryone，classmatesandteachers.A.helpingB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped26.Bethuneworkedforsixty-ninehourswithoutstoppingandmanagedoverahundredlives.A.savedB.tosaveC.savingD.saves27.TaijiismyfavoritesportandIoftenplayithealthy.A.tokeepB.keepsC.keepingD.kept28.Themonitorspokemoreloudlyeveryonehearhim.A.madeB.makingC.makeD.tomake29.Thegovernmentshouldmakelawsallthepeopleinpublic.A.prevent；nottosmokeB.toprotect；smokingC.toprevent；smokingD.protect；nottosmoke30.LuxundecidedtheChinesepeoplebecomehealthyandstrong，sohebecameadoctor.A.helpB.helpedC.helpingD.tohelp31.Thewomanmadehissonfinallyaftershetoldhimsomejokes.A.laughedB.tolaughC.laughD.laughing32.Whenyouleave，pleaseturnoffthelightenergy.A.savingB.savesC.savedD.tosave33.moreaboutthatsmalltown,Jackdecidedonlineandlookupsomeinformationaboutit.A.Toknow;goingB.Toknow;togoC.Knowing;togoD.Knowing;going34.Wouldyowmindnotnoise?Aliceissleeping.Sorry,Ididn'tknow,Ishewasawak.A.Make;thinkB.making;thoughtC.making;thinkD.make;thought35.BettyonlyplannedtheoperaforanhourinLaoSheTeahouse.AwatchesBwatchingC,watchedD.towatch36.Howamazing!TheShapeofWaterwonfourOscarsthisMarch!Ijustcan'twaititinthecinema.A.towatchB.watchC.watchingD.towatching37.TomusuallymeetshisfriendsfishingSundaymorning.A.go;inB.goes:forC.togo;onD.togo;at38.Sorry,MrLi,Iforgotmyreportyesterday.Itdoesn'tmatter.IfyouhanditinbeforeFriday.it'sOK.A.writingB.towriteC.writeD.wrote39.Ialwaystellmystudentsontheroadbecauseit'sreallydangerous.A.don'tplayB.notplayC.nottoplayD.notplaying40.Ifoundheraclevergirl.A.IsB.tobeC.wasD.tonotbe41.Tomhadabadcold.Thedoctoraskedhiminbed.A.tostayB.stayingC.stayedD.stays42.MypenpalAlicefounditdifficultChinesewell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned43.Iboughtabigboxbooksforkidsinpoorareas.A.collectsB.tocollectC.collectD.collected44.Leonardo,afamousAmericanactor.wasalwaysexpectinganOscarandfinallyhemadeit.A.towinB.winningC.notwinningD.nottowin45.Afterhefinishedtheexcitingstory,hetalkedaboutitonandonwithhisfriends.A.readsB.readC.readingD.toread46.Mydaughterthepiano.butshedoesn'titnow.A.likesp