2022年英語中考語法專題-句子成分

句子成分和簡單句的五種基本句型1.句子的成分構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類例句主語表示句子說的是“什么人”或“什么事”名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動名詞，短語或句子WestudyinHuangqiaoMiddleSchool.謂語說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”動詞或動詞詞組Sheisdancingunderthetree.賓語表示動作、行為的對象同主語BothofuslikeEnglish.表語與系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名,副，介詞短語或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.賓語補(bǔ)足語邏輯上與賓語是“主謂關(guān)系”形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無！英語句子成分基礎(chǔ)練習(xí).劃出下列句中主語的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二).選出句中謂語的中心詞()①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.

A.don't

B.like

C.picture

D.wall()②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.

A.get

B.longer

C.days

D.summer()③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

A.Do

B.usually

C.go

D.bus()④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.

A.willbe

B.meeting

C.thelibrary

D.afternoon()⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.Did

B.twins

C.have

D.breakfast()⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.

A.Tom

B.didn't

C.do

D.hishomework()⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.

A.want

B.totell

C.you

D.is()⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.

A.We

B.had

C.send

D.doctor()⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.

A.is

B.interested

C.in

D.music()⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.give

B.did

C.whom

D.book(三)挑出下列句中的賓語()①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.A

B

C

D()②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

A

B

C

D()③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.A

B

C

D()④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?A

B

C

D()⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?

A

B

C

D()⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.A

B

C

D()⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.A

B

C

D()⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.A

B

C

D()⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.A

B

C

D()⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.A

B

C

D挑出下列句中的表語()①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

A

B

C

D()②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?A

B

C

D()③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.A

B

C

D()④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.A

B

C

D()⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.A

B

C

D(五)挑出下列句中的定語()①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.

A

B

C

D()②Whatisyourgivenname?A

B

C

D()③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.A

B

C

D()④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.A

B

C

D()⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.A

B

C

D()⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!A

B

C

D挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語()①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.

A

B

C

D()②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.A

B

C

D()③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.A

B

C

D()④TheycallmeLilysometimes.

A

B

C

D()⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.A

B

C

D()⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?

A

B

C

D(七)挑出下列句中的狀語()①Therewasabigsmileonherface.A

B

C

D()②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.

A

B

C

D()③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.A

B

C

D()④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtofast.A

B

C

D()⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.

A

B

C

D()⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.A

B

C

D()⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.A

B

C

D()⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.A

B

C

D劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?答案(一)①teacher②man③dictionary

④Todo(二)①B②A

③C④A

⑤C

⑥C⑦D

⑧C⑨A⑩A

(三)①homework.②English.③attention

④

words

⑤togoswimming⑥hewasill.⑦h(yuǎn)immonitor

⑧bridge

museum⑨itschool.

⑩who"FatherChristmas"reallyis.(四)①tired.

②worried

③yellow.

④interested

⑤thefirst(五)①family

②given③third

④some

⑤downstairs

⑥oftheothershoe!(六)①toreadnewspapersandbooks

②totaketheboy

③difficult

④Lily

⑤getonthebus

⑥playingfootball(七)①onherface.

②Everynight

③whenhewaseleven.

④toofast.

⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm

⑥becauseshelovesbooks.

⑦ifyou’velostit

⑧toseetheothermachine.(八)①us,間接賓語

astory,直接賓語②me,間接賓語anewbike,直接賓語③us,間接賓語history,直接賓語④Tom,間接賓語it,直接賓語⑤me,間接賓語message,直接賓語2.簡單句的五種基本句型謂語動詞聯(lián)系動詞主+謂語動詞（系動詞）+表語Heisateacher.

行為動詞不及物動詞主語+謂語TheSunrisesintheeast.太陽從東邊升起。及物動詞主語+謂語+賓語Heboughtapen.他買了一只筆主語+謂語+間賓（人）+直賓（物）（雙賓語）Mymothertoldastory.媽媽給我講了一個故事主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語Wewillmakeourcountryproud.我們要讓我們的祖國為我們感到驕傲。基本句型一：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一個共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動詞都不能表達(dá)一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：be,look,keep,seem等屬一類，表示情況；get,grow,become,turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動詞多可用作聯(lián)系動詞：lookwell/面色好,soundnice/聽起來不錯,feelgood/感覺好，smellbad/難聞常見的系動詞有:befeel(感覺）,sound（聽起來）,look（看起來）,taste（嘗、吃起來）,smell（聞起來）keep,stay,remain（保持，仍是）get,become,turn,go（變成）feel（感覺/觸摸）seem(似乎,好像)appear(似乎，好像)prove(證明)一“是”一“明”兩“似乎”，三“?！彼摹白儭蔽濉捌饋怼薄！拘≡嚺５丁恳磺锌磥矶疾煌?。Everything____________________.春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。Springcomes,itis________________________________________.我們在任何時候都應(yīng)該保持冷靜(calm)。Weshould____________________anytime.這種食物嘗起來很糟糕(horrible)。Thiskindoffood____________________.不要吃那種食物，它已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。Don’thavethefood,ithas____________________.這個事實(shí)證明是正確的。Thefact____________________.基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋謂）此句型的句子有一個共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等?！拘≡嚺５丁孔蛲碛晗碌煤艽?。It____________________lastnight.學(xué)生們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。Studentsshould____________________.我的表停了。Mywatch____________________.昨天他到了。Yesterdayhe__________.事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。Theaccident__________lastnight.基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。賓語位于及物動詞之后，一般同主語構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’，如：me，him，them等【小試牛刀】誰知道答案？_____________________________________.他喜歡看書。_____________________________________.我昨天看了一部電影。_____________________________________.4.他不知道說什么好。_____________________________________.5.我能說一點(diǎn)英語。_____________________________________.6.這些孩子被照看得很好。(takegoodcareof)_____________________________________.基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+DO+IＯ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個賓語通常一個指人，為間接賓語；一個指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。一般的順序?yàn)椋簞釉~+間接賓語+直接賓語。如：Givemeacupoftea,please.有時，間接賓語也可改為由介詞to或for引起的短語，放在直接賓語的后面。如：Shepassedhimthesalt.＝Shepassedthesalttohim.她把鹽遞給了他。Heruncleboughtherabookyesterday.＝Heruncleboughtabookforheryesterday.昨天，她叔叔給她買了一本書。加to的動詞主要有：give/pass/lend/sell/send/show/teach/tell/bring/take/leave/write/throw/offer...加for的動詞主要有：make/buy/do/get/order/cook/sing/find...【小試牛刀】我給他看我的照片。_______________________________________._______________________________________.昨天他的爸爸給他買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。Yesterdayhisfather____________________________________asabirthdaypresent.Canyoulendmesomemoney?=Canyou________________________________________?I’llofferyouagoodchanceaslongasyoudon’tloseheart.=I’lloffer______________