2024屆河南省鄭州市高中畢業(yè)年級第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測英語試題（解析版）

鄭州市2024年高中畢業(yè)年級第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測英語試題卷本試卷分四部分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘，滿分150分(聽力成績算作參考分)?？忌鷳?yīng)首先閱讀答題卡上的文字信息，然后在答題卡上作答，在試題卷上作答無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Howmuchtimeisleftbeforehandinginthepaper?A.15minutes.B.30minutes.C.45minutes.2.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Studyingroadsigns.B.Havingadrivingtest.C.Askingfordirections.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atahotel.B.Inarestaurant.C.Atadepartment.4.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Awatch.B.Ayounglady.C.Ayoungman.5.Whatkindofmagazineisthemaninterestedin?A.Sportsmagazines.B.Fashionmagazines.C.Sciencemagazines.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whoisthebiggestgiftfrom?A.David.B.Jack.C.Sienna.7.WhatdoesSiennagivethewoman?A.Ascarf.B.Acoat.C.Amusicbox.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhatisTed’scousin?A.Ajournalist.B.Ateacher.C.Asailor.9.HowdoesTedfindteaching?A.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Challenging.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Colleagues.C.Neighbors.11.WhydidMarygotoXiamen?A.ToescapeWuhan’sheat.B.Tohelpherunclewithhisbusiness.C.Tohelpherunclewithhisnewapartment.12.WhatdoesMarythinkofseafood?A.Justso-so.B.Delicious.C.Terrible.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhydoesLindawanttotalkwithJohn?A.Toborrowabookfromhim.B.Toinvitehimtoareadingclub.C.Toaskforadviceonherreport.14.Whendoesthegroupusuallymeet?A.Friday.B.Saturday.C.Sunday.15.HowisTheKiteRunnerinLinda’sopinion?A.It’ssimple.B.It’sdifficult.C.It’snice.16.WhatwillJohndointhefollowingtwoweeks?A.Writeabookreview.B.Readthebookmentioned.C.DiscussthebookwithLinda.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whoarethelisteners?A.Students.B.Visitors.C.Newemployees.18.WhatcanNatWestaccountprovide?A.Afreedrivinglesson.B.Freemobilephoneinsurance.C.DiscountsontrainfaresinBritain.19.Whatdothethreebankshaveincommon?A.Theyprovidefreelifeinsurance.B.TheyhavemanybranchesinBritain.C.Theydon’tchargeinterestsifcustomersareoverdrawn.20.Whichbankhasthelowestinterestrate?A.Barclays.B.HSBC.C.NatWest.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AInfluentialArtSheilaMetzner:FromLifeJan.20,2024-Feb.25,2024ThisexhibitioncelebratestheartisticskilloftheinternationallyrespectedAmericanphotographerSheilaMetzner.HeruniquestyleintegratesaspectsofPictorialismandModernismtocreateanaesthetic(美感),whichnotonlystandsoutinthehistoryofphotographybutalsobecomesverycloselyassociatedwiththebestof1980’sfashion,beautyanddecorativeartstrends.WilliamBlake:VisionaryJan.17,2024-Feb.24,2024Aremarkableprintmaker,painter,andpoet,WilliamBlake(1757-1827)developedaverywildlyunconventionalworldview.Bycombininghispoetryandimagesonthepagethroughuniquedrawingtechniques,BlakecreatedsomeofBritishart’smoststrikingandlastingimagery.Thismajorinternationalloanexhibitionexplorestheartist-poet’simaginativeworldthroughhismostcelebratedworks.AlfredoBoulton:LookingatVenezuela(1928-1978)Daily,throughJan.16,2024AlfredoBoultonwasoneofthemostimportantintellectualsofthe20thcenturyinLatinAmericaandaninfluentialphotographerofthemodernperiod.Throughhislargecollectionofworks,BoultongeneratedanewculturaldefinitionofVenezuela.ThisexhibitionexploresBoulton’swonderfulphotography,hisrelationshipswithmodernartistsandhisinfluenceontheformalizationofarthistoryinhiscountry.EugèneAtget:HighlightsfromtheMary&DanSolomonCollectionDaily,throughJan.25,2024Aroundtheturnofthe20thcentury,photographerEugèneAtgetbrokenewartisticground.Walkingatdawnwithhisheavycamera,hephotographedthesoulofParisanditssurroundingareasbyfocusingonitsoldalleyways,shopfronts,architecturaldetails,staircasesandstreetsellers.Thisfocusedexhibitionfeatureshighlightsfromtheartist’swork,whichcontinuestoinfluencequiteafewphotographerstoday.1.WhatdidSheilaMetznerandAlfredoBoultonhaveincommon?A.Theyshapedartisticexpression.B.Theyexploredculturaldiversity.C.TheyphotographedAmericanlife.D.Theyfocusedonmodernphotography.2.WhatisEugèneAtget’sphotographymainlyabout?A.Frenchfashions. B.Naturallandscapes.C.Architecturaldesigns. D.Urbanstreetscenes.3.Whichexhibitionissuitableforwhoeverstudieswordsandimages?A.WilliamBlake:Visionary.B.SheilaMetzner:FromLife.C.AlfredoBoulton:LookingatVenezuela(1928–1978).D.EugèneAtget:HighlightsfromtheMary&DanSolomonCollection.【答案】1.A2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。介紹四個(gè)藝術(shù)展?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SheilaMetzner:FromLife表格中的“HeruniquestyleintegratesaspectsofPictorialismandModernismtocreateanaesthetic(美感),whichnotonlystandsoutinthehistoryofphotographybutalsobecomesverycloselyassociatedwiththebestof1980’sfashion,beautyanddecorativeartstrends.(她獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格融合了繪畫主義和現(xiàn)代主義，創(chuàng)造了一種美學(xué)，不僅在攝影史上脫穎而出，而且與20世紀(jì)80年代的時(shí)尚、美容和裝飾藝術(shù)趨勢密切相關(guān))”以及AlfredoBoulton:LookingatVenezuela表格中的“Throughhislargecollectionofworks,BoultongeneratedanewculturaldefinitionofVenezuela.ThisexhibitionexploresBoulton’swonderfulphotography,hisrelationshipswithmodernartistsandhisinfluenceontheformalizationofarthistoryinhiscountry.(通過他的大量作品收藏，Boulton為委內(nèi)瑞拉創(chuàng)造了一種新的文化定義。這次展覽探討了Boulton的精彩攝影，他與現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)家的關(guān)系，以及他對他的國家藝術(shù)史形式化的影響)”可知，SheilaMetzner和AlfredoBoulton的共同之處是他們塑造了藝術(shù)表達(dá)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EugèneAtget:HighlightsfromtheMary表格中的“Walkingatdawnwithhisheavycamera,hephotographedthesoulofParisanditssurroundingareasbyfocusingonitsoldalleyways,shopfronts,architecturaldetails,staircasesandstreetsellers.(黎明時(shí)分，他帶著沉重的相機(jī)走在路上，通過關(guān)注古老的小巷、店面、建筑細(xì)節(jié)、樓梯和街頭小販，他拍攝了巴黎及其周邊地區(qū)的靈魂)”可知，EugèneAtget的攝影作品主要是關(guān)于城市街景。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WilliamBlake:Visionary.表格中的“Aremarkableprintmaker,painter,andpoet,WilliamBlake(1757-1827)developedaverywildlyunconventionalworldview.Bycombininghispoetryandimagesonthepagethroughuniquedrawingtechniques,BlakecreatedsomeofBritishart’smoststrikingandlastingimagery.(WilliamBlake(1757-1827)是一位杰出的版畫家、畫家和詩人，他形成了一種非常不尋常的世界觀。通過獨(dú)特的繪畫技巧將他的詩歌和圖像結(jié)合在頁面上，布萊克創(chuàng)造了一些英國藝術(shù)中最引人注目和最持久的圖像)”可知，WilliamBlake:Visionary適合研究文字和圖像的人。故選A項(xiàng)。Mysonjustturned14anddoesnothaveasmartphone.WhenhegraduatedfromGrade8,hewastheonlykidinhisclasswithoutone.Heasksforaphonenowthathe’sgoingtohighschool.Isayno,heaskswhy,Iexplain,andhepushesback.“Youcanchoosetodothingsdifferentlywhenyou’reaparent,”Itoldhim.Butsometimes,IwonderifI’mbeingtoostubbornorunfair.ThemoreIresearch,themoreconfidentIfeelinmydecision.Manystudieslinkthecurrentmentalhealthcrisisamongadolescentstofundamentalchangesinhowtheysocialize,namely,theshiftfromin-persontoonlineinteraction.Butothermotherschallengemyview.“Hemustfeelsoleftout!”Thentherearetheparentswhotellmesadlythattheywishtheyhaddelayedtheirteenager’sphoneownershiplongerthantheydid.Theyurgemetoholdout.Ifteenagersbetweentheagesof13and18aretrulyspendinganaverageof8hours39minutesperdayontheirdevices,asstatedinasurveyconductedbyCommonSenseMedia,thenwhataretheynotdoing?Kidsabsorbedintheirdevicesaremissingoutonreallife,andthatstrikesmeasreallysad.Iwantmysontohaveachildhoodhefeelssatisfiedwithandproudof.Iwantittobefullofadventures,imaginativeplayandphysicalchallengeswhichhemustsortouthimselfwithoutaskingmeforhelp.Theeasiestandsimplestwaytoachievethesegoalsistodelaygivinghimasmartphone.Somethinkmysonismissingoutorfallingbehind,butheisnot.Hedoeswellinschoolandextra-curricularactivities,hangsoutwithhisfriendsinperson,andmovesindependentlyaroundoursmalltown.Hepromiseshe’llgivehisown14-year-oldaphonesomeday,andItellhimthat’sfine.Butrecently,headmittedthathemissedthebeautifulsceneryonadrivetoanearbymountainbecausehehadbeensoabsorbedinhisfriend’siPad.IfthatishisversionofadmittingI’mright,I’lltakeit.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“pushesback”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Agrees. B.Delays. C.Opposes. D.Persuades.5.Whatistheauthorprimarilyconcernedaboutregardinggivinghersonaphone?A.Herson’sonlinesafety.B.Herson’smentalgrowth.C.Herson’sreducedphysicalactivities.D.Herson’spooracademicperformance.6.Whatqualitydoestheauthorwanthersontodevelopinhischildhood?A.Teamspirit. B.Leadership.C.Independence. D.Criticalthinking.7.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheauthor’sson?A.Heisfallingbehindacademically.B.Heiseasilyinfluencedbyhisfriends.C.Hehasgivenuphisdesireforasmartphone.D.Hehasrealizedtheproblemsofmuchscreentime.【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者反對兒子使用手機(jī)及其原因。4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Heasksforaphonenowthathe’sgoingtohighschool.Isayno,heaskswhy,Iexplain,andhepushesback.(既然他要上高中了，他就要電話了。我說不行，他問為什么，我解釋，然后他pushesback)”以及第二段““Youcanchoosetodothingsdifferentlywhenyou’reaparent,”Itoldhim.Butsometimes,IwonderifI’mbeingtoostubbornorunfair.(“當(dāng)你為人父母時(shí)，你可以選擇以不同的方式做事，”我告訴他。但有時(shí)，我會(huì)懷疑自己是不是太固執(zhí)了，還是太不公平了)”可知，作者的兒子要電話時(shí)，作者不同意，兒子問為什么之后，作者解釋，由第二段作者進(jìn)一步的解釋可推知，作者的兒子仍在進(jìn)行反對，推測畫線短語表示“反對”，與opposes同義。故選C。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThemoreIresearch,themoreconfidentIfeelinmydecision.Manystudieslinkthecurrentmentalhealthcrisisamongadolescentstofundamentalchangesinhowtheysocialize,namely,theshiftfromin-persontoonlineinteraction.(我研究得越多，對自己的決定就越有信心。許多研究將當(dāng)前青少年的心理健康危機(jī)與他們社交方式的根本變化聯(lián)系起來，即從面對面互動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向在線互動(dòng))”可知，關(guān)于給兒子一部智能手機(jī)，作者主要擔(dān)心的是孩子的心理健康。故選B。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Iwantmysontohaveachildhoodhefeelssatisfiedwithandproudof.Iwantittobefullofadventures,imaginativeplayandphysicalchallengeswhichhemustsortouthimselfwithoutaskingmeforhelp.(我希望我的兒子有一個(gè)他感到滿意和自豪的童年。我希望它充滿冒險(xiǎn)、富有想象力的游戲和身體挑戰(zhàn)，他必須自己解決這些問題，而不需要我的幫助)”可知，作者希望兒子在童年時(shí)期發(fā)展出的品質(zhì)是獨(dú)立性。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Somethinkmysonismissingoutorfallingbehind,butheisnot.Hedoeswellinschoolandextra-curricularactivities,hangsoutwithhisfriendsinperson,andmovesindependentlyaroundoursmalltown.Hepromiseshe’llgivehisown14-year-oldaphonesomeday,andItellhimthat’sfine.Butrecently,headmittedthathemissedthebeautifulsceneryonadrivetoanearbymountainbecausehehadbeensoabsorbedinhisfriend’siPad.(有些人認(rèn)為我兒子錯(cuò)過了或落后了，但他并沒有。他在學(xué)校和課外活動(dòng)中表現(xiàn)出色，當(dāng)面和朋友們一起玩，并在我們的小鎮(zhèn)上獨(dú)立活動(dòng)。他承諾有一天會(huì)給自己14歲的孩子一部手機(jī)，我告訴他沒關(guān)系。但最近，他承認(rèn)，他錯(cuò)過了開車去附近山上的美景，因?yàn)樗撩杂谂笥训膇Pad了)”可知，作者的兒子發(fā)現(xiàn)沉迷于iPad導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)過了路上的美景，他已經(jīng)意識(shí)到屏幕時(shí)間過長的弊端。故選D。CAlltheBeautyintheWorld,PatrickBringley’smemoir(回憶錄)abouthis10yearsworkingasaguardatNewYork’sMetropolitanMuseumofArt(Met),bringsnewmeaningtotheterm“artappreciation”.During8-12hourshiftsspentamongthegalleries,hetakesadvantageofthegiftoftimetostudythemasterpieceshe’sbeenhiredtoprotect-andtothinkabouttheroleofartthroughouthistory.BringleyisnottheonlyMetstaffertowriteabouttheinstitution.ButBringley’s“guard’s-eyeview”isunique,andhepresentshispersonalstorywithsincerity.AfterhisbrotherTom’sdeathfromcancerin2008,Bringleygaveuphisjobasajournalistforajobinwhich“Iwashappytobegoingnowhere”.Heexplains,“Ihadlostsomeone.Ididnotwishtomoveonfromthat.Inasense,Ididn’twishtomoveatall.”Bringleydoesn’tsaywhenhedecidedtochannelhisexperienceoffindingpeaceintoart,butthisstoryaboutjumpingoffthecareerladderinordertofindthespaceforquietreflectionissurprisinglysuitedtoourtimes.AlltheBeautyintheWorldofferswell-chosenfactsaboutthemuseumtosupportBringley’spersonaltale.Asinterestingasthesefactsare,it’sBringley’sreflectionsondozensofindividualpaintings,photographs,sculpturesandancientartifactsthatturnthisbookintoatribute(致敬)tothepowerofart.DiscussingAlfredStieglitz’sphotographsofhiswife,hewrites,“Ithinkthatsometimesweneedpermissiontostopandadorethings,andaworkofartgivesusthat.”InaVermeerportraitofadozingmaidservant,heismovedtoseethattheartistcaught“thatfeelingwesometimeshavethataprivatesettingpossessesaholiness(神圣)ofitsown.ItwasmyconstantfeelinginTom’shospitalroom”.AsrichinmovinginsightsastheMetisintreasuresAlltheBeautyintheWorldremindsusoftheimportanceoflearningnotaboutart,butfromit.Thisisartappreciationatahighlevel.8.WhatmakesAlltheBeautyintheWorlddifferentfromotherbooksbyMetstaffers?A.Itsauthor’spersonalsadstory.BItsauthor’suniquepointofview.C.Itswell-chosenfactsaboutthemuseum.D.Itsdetailedintroductiontotheartworks.9.WhydidBringleydecidetobecomeaguardattheMet?A.Torememberhisdeadbrother.B.Toenrichhisjournalismcareer.C.Tofindsomepeaceandquietinart.D.Tostudytheartworksmoreclosely.10.HowdoesBringleytellthemuseumstoriesinhismemoir?AByrelatingmuseumfactstohispersonallife.B.Byinterviewingretiredmuseumstaffmembers.C.Bypresentingthebackgroundofeachmasterpiece.D.Byengagingvisitorsinthediscussionoftheartworks.11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthebookasawhole?A.Itrevealstheinnerworldoftheauthor.B.Itoffersnewinsightsintoartappreciation.C.Ittellslittle-knownfactsaboutthemuseum.D.Itdeservestobereadforsomepeaceandquiet.【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。作者介紹了PatrickBringley的回憶錄《AlltheBeautyintheWorld》以及他在紐約大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館工作10年的經(jīng)歷?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“BringleyisnottheonlyMetstaffertowriteabouttheinstitution.ButBringley’s“guard’s-eyeview”isunique,andhepresentshispersonalstorywithsincerity.(Bringley并不是唯一一個(gè)寫大都會(huì)博物館的員工。但Bringley的“哨兵視角”是獨(dú)一無二的，他真誠地呈現(xiàn)了自己的個(gè)人故事)”可知，Bringley獨(dú)特的視角讓《世界上所有的美麗》與大都會(huì)工作人員的其他書籍不同。故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AfterhisbrotherTom’sdeathfromcancerin2008,Bringleygaveuphisjobasajournalistforajobinwhich“Iwashappytobegoingnowhere”.Heexplains,“Ihadlostsomeone.Ididnotwishtomoveonfromthat.Inasense,Ididn’twishtomoveatall.”Bringleydoesn’tsaywhenhedecidedtochannelhisexperienceoffindingpeaceintoart,butthisstoryaboutjumpingoffthecareerladderinordertofindthespaceforquietreflectionissurprisinglysuitedtoourtimes.(2008年，他的哥哥湯姆因癌癥去世后，Bringley放棄了記者的工作，轉(zhuǎn)而從事一份“我很高興自己哪兒也去不了”的工作。他解釋說：“我失去了一個(gè)我愛的人。我并不想就這樣結(jié)束。從某種意義上說，我根本不想搬家。”Bringley沒有說他是什么時(shí)候決定把自己尋找平靜的經(jīng)歷轉(zhuǎn)化為藝術(shù)的，但這個(gè)關(guān)于為了尋找安靜反思的空間而放棄職業(yè)階梯的故事，與我們的時(shí)代驚人地契合)”可知，為了在藝術(shù)中尋找平和與寧靜，所以Bringley決定成為大都會(huì)博物館的一名警衛(wèi)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“AlltheBeautyintheWorldofferswell-chosenfactsaboutthemuseumtosupportBringley’spersonaltale.(《AlltheBeautyintheWorld》提供了精心挑選的關(guān)于博物館的事實(shí)來支持布林利的個(gè)人故事)”可知，在他的回憶錄中，Bringley把博物館的事實(shí)和他的個(gè)人生活聯(lián)系起來。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AlltheBeautyintheWorld,PatrickBringley’smemoir(回憶錄)abouthis10yearsworkingasaguardatNewYork’sMetropolitanMuseumofArt(Met),bringsnewmeaningtotheterm“artappreciation”.(PatrickBringley的回憶錄《AlltheBeautyintheWorld》講述了他在紐約大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館當(dāng)警衛(wèi)的10年經(jīng)歷，為“藝術(shù)欣賞”一詞帶來了新的含義)”以及最后一段“AsrichinmovinginsightsastheMetisintreasures,AlltheBeautyintheWorldremindsusoftheimportanceoflearningnotaboutart,butfromit.Thisisartappreciationatahighlevel.(就像大都會(huì)博物館的寶藏一樣，《AlltheBeautyintheWorld》充滿了動(dòng)人的見解，它提醒我們從藝術(shù)中學(xué)習(xí)的重要性，而不是了解藝術(shù)。這是一種高層次的藝術(shù)欣賞)”可知，作者認(rèn)為這本書為藝術(shù)欣賞提供了新的見解。故選B項(xiàng)。DManynewsreportsfocusonclimatechangethesedays.Extremeheat,wildfires,floods,homelesspolarbears...Howdoyoufeelwhenreadingworryingnewsaboutclimatechange?Youmaybelievethatpeoplearebecominginsensitivetothewarmingplanet,acceptingthatitisonlygettingworse.AresearchteamatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,US,reportedotherwise.Torecordhowthenewscanimpactpeople’semotions,participantswerefirstexposedtonegativenewsstoriesaboutclimatechangeforthreedays.Theythencontinuedtoreadnegativenewsheadlinesforsevendays.Inthefirstthreedays,theparticipantsexperiencedgreaterfearandlesshope,whichcanpotentiallyhurtanaudience’sbeliefthattheycandoanythingtotackletheproblem.However,duringtheseven-day-longexposure,thefearpeakedandthenheldsteady(穩(wěn)定的).“Wesawtheoppositepatterninoursecondstudy.Themoreexposurepeoplehadtothesethreateningnewsstorieseachday,themorelikelytheyaretothinkthattheycanmakeadifferenceintacklingclimatechange,”ChristoferSkurka,thepaper’sleadauthortoldthePennsylvaniaStateUniversitywebsite.Accordingtotheresearchers,onepossibilityisthatwhenthepublichearsaboutclimatechangethreats,theymayconvincethemselvesthattheyhavecontroloverthesituation.Theywillthenbelievethattheiractionsmaymakeadifference.Knowingthateveryoneisabletohelpisonlythefirststep.Accordingtoastudythatanalyzedinformationfrom430differentstudies,whatmotivatespeoplethemosttochangetheirbehaviorissocialcomparison.Forexample,ifaperson’sneighborsfollowalow-carbonlifestyle,suchasdrivingelectriccars,thepersonmayfeelsocialpressureandbecomemorelikelytofollowthisbehavior.Thishappensbecausepeopleusuallyjudgetheirownbehaviorandfollowsocialnorms(規(guī)范).Anothereffectivemotivationisprovidingfinancialrewardstoconsumers,helpingthemsavemoney.“Therearesomanyroutestoourgoals,”MatthewGoldberg,theco-authorofthestudy,toldScientificAmerican.AsGoldbergpointedout,futureresearchlikethiscanhelppolicymakersdecidehowbesttoencouragepeopletowardmoreclimate-friendlyhabits.12.Howdidtheparticipantsreacttonegativenewsinthesecondstudy?A.Theyfoundthenewsunbelievable.B.Theylosthopeintacklingclimatechange.C.Theyexperiencedgreaterfearforthefuture.D.Theyfeltastrongsenseofsocialresponsibility.13.Whatencouragespeoplemosttowardmoreclimate-friendlybehavior?A.Effectivepolicy. B.Healthylifestyle.C.Socialinfluence. D.Financialsupport.14.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Responsestoclimatechangeeducation.B.Theeffectivenessofcommunityinitiatives.C.Theimpactofsocialnormsonenvironment.D.Waystoencourageclimate-friendlybehavior.15.WhatisGoldberg’sattitudetowardssimilarfutureresearch?A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了公眾讀到氣候變化威脅的負(fù)面新聞的反應(yīng)，并介紹了鼓勵(lì)氣候友好型行為的方法?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Wesawtheoppositepatterninoursecondstudy.Themoreexposurepeoplehadtothesethreateningnewsstorieseachday,themorelikelytheyaretothinkthattheycanmakeadifferenceintacklingclimatechange,(我們在第二項(xiàng)研究中看到了相反的模式。人們每天接觸這些威脅性新聞的次數(shù)越多，他們就越有可能認(rèn)為自己可以在應(yīng)對氣候變化方面有所作為)”可知，在第二項(xiàng)研究中，參與者面對負(fù)面新聞，認(rèn)為自己可以在應(yīng)對氣候變化方面有所作為，即他們感受到強(qiáng)烈的社會(huì)責(zé)任感。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Accordingtotheresearchers,onepossibilityisthatwhenthepublichearsaboutclimatechangethreats,theymayconvincethemselvesthattheyhavecontroloverthesituation.Theywillthenbelievethattheiractionsmaymakeadifference.(根據(jù)研究人員的說法，一種可能性是，當(dāng)公眾聽到氣候變化威脅時(shí)，他們可能會(huì)說服自己，他們可以控制局勢。然后，他們會(huì)相信自己的行動(dòng)可能會(huì)有所不同)”以及第五段“Accordingtoastudythatanalyzedinformationfrom430differentstudies,whatmotivatespeoplethemosttochangetheirbehaviorissocialcomparison.(根據(jù)一項(xiàng)分析430項(xiàng)不同研究信息的研究，最能激勵(lì)人們改變他們行為的是社會(huì)比較)”可知，人們可能會(huì)說服自己采取環(huán)保的行為，最能激勵(lì)人們改變自己行為的是社會(huì)比較，即社會(huì)影響。故選C?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Knowingthateveryoneisabletohelpisonlythefirststep.Accordingtoastudythatanalyzedinformationfrom430differentstudies,whatmotivatespeoplethemosttochangetheirbehaviorissocialcomparison.Forexample,ifaperson’sneighborsfollowalow-carbonlifestyle,suchasdrivingelectriccars,thepersonmayfeelsocialpressureandbecomemorelikelytofollowthisbehavior.Thishappensbecausepeopleusuallyjudgetheirownbehaviorandfollowsocialnorms(規(guī)范).Anothereffectivemotivationisprovidingfinancialrewardstoconsumers,helpingthemsavemoney.(知道每個(gè)人都有能力提供幫助只是第一步。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)分析430項(xiàng)不同研究信息的研究，最能激勵(lì)人們改變行為的是社會(huì)比較。例如，如果一個(gè)人的鄰居遵循低碳生活方式，例如駕駛電動(dòng)汽車，該人可能會(huì)感到社會(huì)壓力，并更有可能遵循這種行為。之所以會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況，是因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔ?huì)評判自己的行為并遵循社會(huì)規(guī)范。另一個(gè)有效的動(dòng)機(jī)是向消費(fèi)者提供經(jīng)濟(jì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，幫助他們省錢)”可知，本段主要介紹了鼓勵(lì)人們采取環(huán)保行為的方法，即鼓勵(lì)氣候友好型行為的方法。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Therearesomanyroutestoourgoals,”MatthewGoldberg,theco-authorofthestudy,toldScientificAmerican.AsGoldbergpointedout,futureresearchlikethiscanhelppolicymakersdecidehowbesttoencouragepeopletowardmoreclimate-friendlyhabits.(該研究的合著者馬修·戈德堡告訴《科學(xué)美國人》雜志：“實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)有很多途徑。正如戈德堡指出的那樣，未來的研究可以幫助政策制定者決定如何最好地鼓勵(lì)人們養(yǎng)成更有利于氣候的習(xí)慣。”)”可知，對類似的未來研究持有樂觀的態(tài)度。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Recently,atopicfeaturing“Graduatesavoidsendingresumesoutofsocialanxietydisorder”receivedmanycommentsonSinaWeibo.Itseemsthatsocialanxietydisorder,alsoknownassocialphobia(恐懼癥),isaffectingmanypeople’slives.Over80%ofuniversitystudentswhotookpartinasurveytendedtoavoidsocialinteractionduetoanassumedsocialphobia.____16____Forthosewhohaveasocialphobia,everydaysocialsituationscausestrongfearbeyondtheircontrolbecausetheyfearbeingwatchedorjudgednegativelybyothers.Havingasocialphobiacanmeanphysicalsymptomslikeblushing(臉紅),upsetstomach,orhavingtroublecatchingyourbreath.Thegoodnewsisthatitistreatable.____17____Avoidingsocialsituationsbecauseofshynessmightmeanmissingoutonopportunitiesorbeingrude.IusedtobesoshythatIavoidedgreetingpeopleIknewbypretendingtoscroll(滾屏)onmyphoneorturninginanotherdirection.____18____WhenIsawhim,Istartedscrollingonmyphoneasusualtoavoidgreetinghim.Butheimmediatelysawthroughitandasked,“Whydidyoupretendnottoseeme?”Aftermyexplanation,hereplied,“Icanrelatetofeelingawkward,butoncesomeonerealizesthatyou’reavoidinghim,itcancomeacrossasrude.”____19____Beingafraidofnegativecomments,theysimplyshutthemselvesdownsothatnoonewillhavethechancetojudgethem.Butsocializingnotonlyleadstojudgment.Ifyou’reluckyenough,youmaycomeacrosssomeonewhogivesdirectbuthonestfeedback,likewhattheseniorjournalistdidforme.Butifsomepeopleonlyofferyounegativejudgment,simplystayawayfromthem.____20____Whygiveuponopportunitiesforsocialinteractionbecauseoffearsofcommentsandjudgment?A.Afterall,theyarenotmakingyouanybetter.B.Understandit’sperfectlyfinetomakemistakes.C.Herearesometipsforovercomingafearofsocialinteraction.D.Butisavoidingsocialinteractionequaltohavingasocialphobia?E.However,myattitudebegantochangewhenImetaseniorjournalist.F.Butifyouonlyfeelabituncomfortable,itmightmeanyouarejustshy.G.Shypeopleavoidsocializingbecausetheytakeothers’opinionsseriously.【答案】16.D17.F18.E19.G20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。作者通過討論社交焦慮和害羞的區(qū)別來解釋避免社交互動(dòng)的原因?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Over80%ofuniversitystudentswhotookpartinasurveytendedtoavoidsocialinteractionduetoanassumedsocialphobia.(在一項(xiàng)調(diào)查中，超過80%的大學(xué)生由于假定的社交恐懼癥而傾向于避免社交互動(dòng))”可知，此處作者說80%的大學(xué)生由于假定的社交恐懼癥而傾向于避免社交互動(dòng)，以及后文內(nèi)容在討論因?yàn)楹π弑苊馍缃皇遣皇巧缃豢謶职Y的問題，所以D項(xiàng)“Butisavoidingsocialinteractionequaltohavingasocialphobia?(但是，回避社交就等于患有社交恐懼癥嗎?)”承接上文，并引出下文，符合文意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Havingasocialphobiacanmeanphysicalsymptomslikeblushing(臉紅),upsetstomach,orhavingtroublecatchingyourbreath.Thegoodnewsisthatitistreatable.(社交恐懼癥可能意味著身體癥狀，比如臉紅、胃部不適或呼吸困難。好消息是它是可以治療的)”以及后文“Avoidingsocialsituationsbecauseofshynessmightmeanmissingoutonopportunitiesorbeingrude.(因?yàn)楹π叨颖苌缃粓龊峡赡芤馕吨e(cuò)過機(jī)會(huì)或變得粗魯)”可知，前文講述社交恐懼癥可能引發(fā)的身體癥狀，后文講述害羞的缺點(diǎn)，所以空處應(yīng)是過渡句，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Butifyouonlyfeelabituncomfortable,itmightmeanyouarejustshy.(但如果你只是覺得有點(diǎn)不舒服，那可能意味著你只是害羞)”符合文意，承接上文，引出下文，起到過渡作用。故選F項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】根據(jù)前文“IusedtobesoshythatIavoidedgreetingpeopleIknewbypretendingtoscroll(滾屏)onmyphoneorturninginanotherdirection.(我曾經(jīng)很害羞，為了避免和認(rèn)識(shí)的人打招呼，我會(huì)假裝在手機(jī)上滾動(dòng)或轉(zhuǎn)向另一個(gè)方向)”以及后文“WhenIsawhim,Istartedscrollingonmyphoneasusualtoavoidgreetinghim.Butheimmediatelysawthroughitandasked,“Whydidyoupretendnottoseeme?”Aftermyexplanation,hereplied,“Icanrelatetofeelingawkward,butoncesomeonerealizesthatyou’reavoidinghim,itcancomeacrossasrude.”(當(dāng)我看到他時(shí)，我開始像往常一樣刷手機(jī)，避免和他打招呼。但他立刻看穿了，問道：“你為什么假裝沒看見我?”在我解釋完之后，他回答說：“我能理解這種尷尬的感覺，但一旦別人意識(shí)到你在回避他，就會(huì)覺得你很粗魯。”)”可知，作者本段在以自己舉例，自己曾經(jīng)很害羞，但是有人改變了她，所以E項(xiàng)“However,myattitudebegantochangewhenImetaseniorjournalist.(然而，當(dāng)我遇到一位資深記者時(shí)，我的態(tài)度開始改變)”符合文意。故選E項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】分析設(shè)空，位于段首，是本段中心句，根據(jù)后文“Beingafraidofnegativecomments,theysimplyshutthemselvesdownsothatnoonewillhavethechancetojudgethem.Butsocializingnotonlyleadstojudgment.Ifyou’reluckyenough,youmaycomeacrosssomeonewhogivesdirectbuthonestfeedback,likewhattheseniorjournalistdidforme.(由于害怕負(fù)面評論，他們干脆把自己關(guān)起來，這樣就沒有人有機(jī)會(huì)評判他們。但社交不僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致評判。如果你足夠幸運(yùn)，你可能會(huì)遇到一些人，他們會(huì)給出直接而誠實(shí)的反饋，就像那位資深記者對我所做的那樣)”可知，本段主要講述害羞的人主要是害怕負(fù)面評論，所以G項(xiàng)“Shypeopleavoidsocializingbecausetheytakeothers’opinionsseriously.(害羞的人避免社交，因?yàn)樗麄儼褎e人的意見當(dāng)回事)”是本段中心句，符合文意。故選G項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Butifsomepeopleonlyofferyounegativejudgment,simplystayawayfromthem.(但如果有些人只給你負(fù)面評價(jià)，那就離他們遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn))”可知，A項(xiàng)“Afterall,theyarenotmakingyouanybetter.(畢竟，它們不會(huì)讓你變得更好)”是對前文的總結(jié)，符合文意。故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。In2019,TomasQuinonesundertooka7-daybiketrip,coveringsomeremotedesertinOregon.Histripwas____21____withtheusualdifficulties.Helosthisshoesandwasonlyrelyingonapairofsandals(涼鞋).Hiswatersupplywassometimes____22____.Buttherewerealsomomentsofunexpected____23____:Acoupleofferedtosharetheirlunch;aguyinthetruckaskedifheneededanyhelp.Onthelastdayofhistrip