高三英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧及練習(xí)題及解析

高三英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧及練習(xí)題及解析

一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解

L閱讀理解

Fromthelossofwildlifetorisingsealevels,we'reallwellawareoftheproblemsthatclimate

changecouldcause.

Butwhileitmayseemlikesuchissueswon'taffectmostofusdirectly,itlookslikefuture

generationscouldgrowupwithoutsomethingthatmanyofusnowtakeforgranted:chocolate.

AccordingtoanessaypublishedbytheUSNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,

changestotheclimateintheregionsthatproducecacao-theplantfromwhichchocolateis

produced-maymeanthatitwillsoonbecomeextinct.

Mostoftheworld'scacaogrowsincountriesclosetotheequator,withoverhalfofitgrowing

intheAfricannationsofGhanaandIvoryCoast.

It'spredictedthatby2050,climatechangewillhaveacceleratedtherateatwhichtemperatures

inthesecountriesrise,makingitextremelydifficultforcacaotogrowthere.

Theproblemdoesn'tlieinincreasedheat,however,butinlowerhumidity(濕度)，asit's

believedthatrainfallwillstayatthesamelevelifthetemperaturerises.

“Inotherwords,ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoilandplants,it'sunlikely

thatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoisture(含水量)loss//MichonScott,theessay's

author,wrote.

Tohelpfightthisproblem,researchersfromBerkeleyUniversityintheUSareworkingon

changingtheDNAofcacaoplantstoallowthemtosurviveindryerconditionsbyusinggene

editingtechnology,accordingtoUSNews.

Inthemeantime,UScompanyMars,oneoftheworld'sbiggestmanufacturersofchocolate

products,announcedinJanuarythatitwouldspend$1billiontohelpreducetheeffectsof

climatechange.

"Thisisaworldissue,anditrequireseveryonetoworktogether/'MarsspokespersonBarry

ParkintoldBusinessInsider.

Themessagehereisthatifwealldoourpart,wemaybeabletopreventsomeoftheworst

impactsofclimatechange.Orifwe'reunlucky,chocolatewillbecomeathingofthepast.

(1)Whatcouldmakeithardforcacaotosurvivearoundtheequatorinthefuture?

A.Theincreasedheatthere.B.Thehigherhumiditythere.

C.Thedecreaseinrainfallthere.D.Themoisturelossinthesoilthere.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"offset"intheseventhparagraphmean?

A.holdbackB.makeupforC.protectD.accept

(3)WhatwillUScompanyMarsdotohelpcacaosurvive?

A.Itwillworkhardtoplantcacaoingreenhouses.B.Itwillapplygeneeditingtechnologyin

plantingcacao.

C.Itwillgivefinancialsupporttohelpfightclimatechange.D.Itwilldevelopcacaothatcan

surviveindryerconditions.

(4)Whatmaybethebesttitleofthistext?

A.ChocolatecouldbecomehistoryB.Worktogethertofightclimatechange

C.Howdowegrowcacaointhefuture?D.Howdocacaoplantsaffectclimatechange?

【答案】(l)D

(2)B

(3)C

(4)A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，未來(lái)由于氣候的變化，用于制造巧克力的可可樹可

能會(huì)滅絕，所以巧克力有可能會(huì)成為歷史。

⑴考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第七段中的“'Inotherwords,ashighertemperaturessqueezemore

wateroutofsoilandplants,it'sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoisture

(含水量)loss/MichonScott,theessay'sauthor,wrote."可知未來(lái)赤道附近的可可樹很難存

活，是因?yàn)槟抢锿寥乐兴值牧魇?，故選D。

(2)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第六段中的"Theproblemdoesn'tlieinincreasedheat,however,but

inlowerhumidity(濕度)，asit'sbelievedthatrainfallwillstayatthesamelevelifthe

temperaturerises.可知Inotherwords,ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoil

andplants,it'sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoisture(含水量)loss”的

意思是換句話說(shuō)，高溫帶走了土壤和植物中更多的水分，降雨量的增長(zhǎng)不足以抵消水量的

流失，所以"offset〃的意思是彌補(bǔ)，抵消，故選B。

⑶考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的"Inthemeantime,UScompanyMars,oneofthe

world'sbiggestmanufacturersofchocolateproducts,announcedinJanuarythatitwouldspend

$1billiontohelpreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.”可知美國(guó)的火星巧克力公司給予財(cái)政支

援，用來(lái)幫助對(duì)抗氣候的變化，故選C。

⑷考查主旨大意。本文主要講了未來(lái)由于氣候的變化，用于制造巧克力的可可樹可能會(huì)滅

絕，所以巧克力有可能會(huì)成為歷史，故選A。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱

讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推

理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。

2.閱讀理解

SpanishLanguage&CultureProgram

Whileimprovingyourlanguageskills,youcanlearnaboutSpanishculture.Withthehelp,of

coursesinart,tourism,cinemaandmoretaughtinSpanish.

Place:Alicante.Spain

Price:$3.495

Dates:

Program:fromMay5th.2019toJune1st,2019

Application:byMarch1st,2019Withdrawal:beforeApril1st.2019

Application:

Completeapplication

GPA:notlessthan2.5.

$95onlineapplicationfee

Educationcompleted:highschoolgraduate

ProgramDetails

You'lltake1languagecourseand1culturecourse,languagecoursesmeetfor60classhours/4

credits(學(xué)分).Whileculturecoursesmeetfor20hours/1credit.Languageandculturecourses

meetdaily.Monday-Friday.ActivelearningofyourcoursesmaybescheduledforFridays.

BeforeyouleaveforAlicante,youwillchooseyourpreferredcoursesandtakealanguage

placementexam.You'llbeadmittedtocoursesbasedontheiravailability.Soitisinyourbest

interesttohaveyourhomeuniversityagreewithmanycoursesbeforeyousetoffforAlicante.To

makesurethatyoureceivethecreditforthelanguagelevelthatisfitforyou,haveyourhome

universitypre-agreewithcoursesatseverallevelsbeforeyouleaveforSpain.Pleaseaskyour

advisoratyourhomeuniversityaboutcreditguidelines.

WhereYou'llStudyandStay

LyingononeofSpain'smost,attractivecampuses,theUniversityofAlicanteallowsyoutotake

partinclassesandactivities:withSpanishandotherinternationalstudents.YoucanchooseCEA

housingorprepareyourownindependenthousing.CEAhousingwillmakeeveryefforttomatch

yourhousingrequests.

(1)Whencanyoutakebackyourapplication?

A.OnJune1st.2019.

B.OnApril1st.2019.

C.OnMay5th,2019.

D.OnMarch5tb2019.

(2)Whatcanwelearnaboutthisprogram?

A.Eachofthecoursescosts$95.

B.Highschoolfreshmencanapplyforit.

C.Studentscanget5creditsafterfinishingtheprogram.

0.Activelearningcoursesshouldbebookedaheadoftime.

(3)WhatshouldyoudobeforeleavingforAlicante?

A.Gainasmanycreditsaspossible.

B.Preparemanychoicesofcourses.

C.Improveyourcommunicationskill.

D.Tryyourchosencoursesatyourhomeuniversity.

【答案】(1)B

(2)C

(3)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語(yǔ)和西班牙文化的項(xiàng)目。

(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Dates部分中的"Withdrawal:byAprillst,2019”可知，在2019年

4月1日之前可以撤回對(duì)這一項(xiàng)目的申請(qǐng)，故選B。

(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)ProgramDetails部分中的"You'lltake1languagecourseand1

culturecourse,languagecoursesmeetfor60classhours/4credits(學(xué)分).Whileculturecourses

meetfor20hours/1credit.〃你將會(huì)有一門語(yǔ)言課，一門文化課程。語(yǔ)言課程上60個(gè)小時(shí)，

獲得4學(xué)分。文化課程上20個(gè)小時(shí)，獲得1學(xué)分。可知，該項(xiàng)目結(jié)課時(shí)，學(xué)生一共可獲

得5個(gè)學(xué)分。故選C。

（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)ProgramDetails部分中的“Soitisinyourbestinteresttohaveyour

homeuniversityagreewithmanycoursesbeforeyousetoffforAlicante.〃最好是在你去Alicante

之前，讓你現(xiàn)在所在的大學(xué)同意你可選多種多樣的課，可知，該項(xiàng)目不能保證你一定能選

到你想上的課程，所以應(yīng)該在前往Alicante之前準(zhǔn)備好多種課程選擇。故選B。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需

要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。

3.閱讀理解

EveryyearinAmerica,high-schoolstudentswhowanttogotocollegetakeanational

examinationcalledtheScholasticAptitudeTest,orSATinashortenedway.Theirscoreisan

importantfactorindeterminingwhichcollegeswilladmitthemorwhetheranywillbeadmitted

atall.TheScholasticAptitudeTestmeasuresone'smathematicalabilityanduseoftheEnglish

language.Traditionally,theEnglishpartinvolvedgrammaticalquestionsandparagraphsthattest

readingcomprehension.

ButtheSATfolkshaveaddedasinglequestion,tobeansweredinanessay,hand-writtenonthe

spot.That'saninterestingwaytotestwritingability,butcontentaside,haveyoueverseenyoung

people'shandwritinglately?Oranyone'sforthatmatter,inthisageofcomputerkeyboards?

Studentswritenumbersandsigntheirnamesonbankchecks.Theyscribbleclassnotesinwhat

cangenerouslybedescribedasthewrittenword.

Yettoday'skidsareaskedtowrite,thoughtfullyandclearly,forseveralminutesonthisSATTest.

Goodlucktothetextscorerswhomustworkoutdifficultlythescrawl（潦草的字跡）ofyoung

peoplewho'vebeentypingoncomputerssincetheageofthree!Teachersinsistthatgood

handwritingcannotonlyhelpone'sscoreontheSAT,butalso,lateroninlife,impresspotential

employers.Anddon'tforget,weallhavetoturntohandwritingfromtimetotime,ascomputers

godownwhenpowergoesout.

Thenhowtoimprovethehandwriting?Well,withafewsimplestepsyoucanimproveyour

handwriting.

Positionthepen.Youshouldholdthepenbetweentheforefingerandthethumb,thenrestit

nearthefirstknuckle（指節(jié)）ofthemiddlefinger.Therestofyourfingersshouldbecurled（卷曲）

underyourhandandyourhandshouldremainrelaxed.

Evaluateyourwriting.Makechangestoyourletterstillyoulikehowtheylook.

Takeyourtime.Speedisboundtomakeyourwritingmessy-looking.

Practice.Practiceitalot;it'snotenoughtodoitonceandhopeforthebest.Ithastobe

somethingyouworkattomakegreatimprovements.

（1）Theunderlinedword"scribble“inParagraph2prcbablymeans.

A.writequicklyandroughlyB.typesimplyandcorrectly

C.paintclearlyandneatlyD.describeproperlyandwell

(2)AccordingtoParagraph3,studentswithgoodhandwritingskill.

A.canpasstheSATB.candevelopgoodcharacters

C.canimpresstheirclassmatesD.cangetmorejobopportunities

(3)Whichofthefollowingshouldyouavoidwhenimprovingyourhandwriting?

A.Practicingwritingalot.

B.Writingasfastasyoucan.

C.Relaxingyourhandwhenholdingthepen.

D.Changingyourletterstillyoulikehowtheylook.

(4)Thetextistopresentthefactthat.

A.writingseemstobeveryimportantintheSAT

B.thosewhowillgotocollegehavetotaketheSAT

C.studentsshouldpracticehandwritingmoreoften

D.kidsdon'tknowhowtowriteinthecomputerage

【答案】(1)A

(2)D

(3)B

(4)C

【解析】【分析】SAT考試增加了書面表達(dá)，但當(dāng)前學(xué)生不注重書寫，所以此項(xiàng)改革會(huì)督

促學(xué)生更多的練字。

(1)詞義猜測(cè)題。結(jié)合劃線部分的上下文，在計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代，學(xué)生手寫的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)很罕見，

只有一兩個(gè)單詞在行李箱或午餐包上，用來(lái)辨認(rèn)物主，書法在其他場(chǎng)合就像嘟嘟鳥一樣滅

絕了，故推斷學(xué)生在課堂上記筆記非常潦草，故選A。

(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段提到Teachersinsistthatgoodhandwritingcannotonlyhelp

one'sscoreontheSAT,butalso,lateroninlife,impresspotentialemployers.可知，漂亮的書法

不僅僅能在考試中幫助得分，還可以在今后找工作中給雇主留下美好的印象，故選D。

(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后三段的標(biāo)題Evaluateyourwriting：Takeyourtime；Practice.

Practiceitalot可知，沒有提到B項(xiàng)，這是寫作中應(yīng)該避免的。故選B。

(4)推理判斷題。由于SAT考試增加書面表達(dá)，但當(dāng)前學(xué)生不重視書寫，所以此項(xiàng)改革會(huì)督

促學(xué)生更多的練字，故選C。

4.閱讀理解

TheWomen'sInstituteisurgingsupermarketstodomoretohelpconsumersreducetheir

homefoodwaste,afterasurveyofitsownmembershipshowedwidespreadconfusionabout

“bestbefore"and"useby"labeling(標(biāo)簽)onpackaging.

Itsnewanalysisofproductsonsupermarketshelvesfoundthat//once-opened,/instructions

wereoftencontradictoryandoftenfailedtomakeclearwhethertheywereaguidetofoodsafety

orquality.Only45%of5,000Wlmemberssurveyedunderstoodthatbest-beforedateswerea

signoffoodquality,while26%didnotunderstandthatthemoreimportantuse-bydateswerea

decisiveguidetofoodsafety.

Initsreportonfoodwaste,theWlsaidsupermarketswere''potentiallycontributingtohome

foodwastebyleadingcustomerstobuymorefoodthantheyneed,andgivingconflictingand

confusingon-packinformationthatleavescustomersunsureabouthowlongaproductremains

safetoeatinthehomesetting".The42reportispartoftheWl'songoingcampaignto

reducefoodwaste.Tounderlinethepointaboutconflictinginformation,itcites(弓I用)acanof

Sainsbury'sown-brandsweetcornadvisingconsumerstoeatitwithinonedayofopening,whilea

similartinfromWaitrosegaveconsumerstwodaystofinishit.GreenGiantsweetcorn,however,

hasnospecifieddateforeatingonceopened.

MarylynHainesEvans,chairoftheWomen'sInstitute'spublicaffairssaid:"Wlmembersare

someofthemoreinformedmembersofsocietyaboutfoodandcookery,buttheyarestill

confusedaboutfoodlabellingand'once-opened'information.Sowewouldlikesupermarketsto

extendtheamountoftimethatconsumershavetouseaproductintheirhomesbymakingallof

theironce-openedinstructionsonproductpackagingconsistent,andcompletelyremoveonce-

openedinstructionsonproductswherefoodsafetyisnotanissue.”

(1)WhatmainlyleadstofoodwasteaccordingtoWl?

A.Poorqualityoffood.B.Attractivepackagingofproducts.

C.Competitionamongsupermarkets.D.Consumers'confusionabouton-packinformation.

(2)Whichofthefollowingcaninformyouoffoodsafety?

SELLBYBESTBEFORE

0802.17IQJUN

11:3221-041Stw?intool.

A.B.

USEBYDISPLAYUNTIL

DOS0617

2SJUL^Ol7BESTBEFORE

220617

D.

(3)WhyarethethreesupermarketsmentionedinParagraph3?

A.Toattractmoreconsumers.B.Tocomparetheirproducts.

C.Tocommentontheirservice.D.TomakeWl'sreportconvincing.

(4)WhatdoesEvanssuggestsupermarketsdoaboutreducingfoodwaste?

A.Extendlifeofaproduct.B.Turntowell-informedWlmembers.

C.Giveconsistentonce-openedinstructions.D.Removeinstructionsonproductpackaging.

【答案】(1)D

(2)C

(3)D

(4)C

【解析】【分析】本文主要講述了婦女機(jī)構(gòu)強(qiáng)烈建議超市采取幫助消費(fèi)者減少食物浪費(fèi)的

措施，比如延長(zhǎng)消費(fèi)者在家中使用產(chǎn)品的時(shí)間，使他們所有曾經(jīng)打開的關(guān)于產(chǎn)品包裝的說(shuō)

明一致。

(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Only45%of5,000Wlmemberssurveyedunderstoodthat

best-beforedateswereasignoffoodquality,while26%didnotunderstandthatthemore

importantuse-bydateswereadecisiveguidetofoodsafety."可知，消費(fèi)者對(duì)于食品包裝上信

息的混淆是導(dǎo)致食物浪費(fèi)的原因。故選D。

(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“while26%didnotunderstandthatthemoreimportantuse-by

dateswereadecisiveguidetofoodsafety.”可知,useby信息才是食品安全的決定性指導(dǎo)因

素。故選C。

(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段叮ounderlinethepointaboutconflictinginformation,itcites(引

用)acanofSainsbury'sown-brandsweetcorn"可知，引用超市的例子是為了更好的說(shuō)明這一

問(wèn)題，即使文章更具說(shuō)服力。故選D。

(4)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"wewouldlikesupermarketstoextendtheamountoftime

thatconsumershavetouseaproductintheirhomesbymakingalloftheironce-opened

instructionsonproductpackagingconsistentJ可知,為了減少食物浪費(fèi)，超市可通過(guò)使包裝

帶上的信息一致來(lái)達(dá)到這一目的。故選C。

5.閱讀理解

Shouldweallowmodernbuildingstobebuiltnexttoolderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity?

Inordertoanswerthisquestion,wemustfirstexaminewhetherpeoplereallywanttopreserve

thehistoricfeelofanarea.Notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive.However,theremaybeother

reasons—forexample,economicreasons—whytheyshouldbepreserved.So,letusassumethat

historicalbuildingsarebothattractiveandimportanttothemajorityofpeople.Whatshouldwe

dothenifanewbuildingisneeded?

Inmyview,newarchitecturalstylescanexistperfectlywellalongsideanolderstyle.Indeed,

therearemanyexamplesinmyownhometownofTourswheremoderndesignshavebeen

placedverysuccessfullynexttooldbuildings.Aslongasthebuildinginquestionispleasingand

doesnotdominate(影響)itssurroundingstoomuch,itoftenimprovestheattractivenessofthe

area.

Itistruethatthereareexamplesofnewbuildingswhichhavespoilt(破壞)theareatheyarein,

butthesamecanbesaidofsomeoldbuildingstoo.Yetpeoplestillspeakagainstnewbuildingsin

historicareas.Ithinkthisissimplybecausepeoplearenaturallyconservativeanddonotlike

change.

Althoughwehavetorespectpeople'sfeelingsasfellowusersofthebuildings,Ibelievethatit

isthedutyofthearchitectandplannertomovethingsforward.Ifwealwaysreproducedwhat

wastherebefore,wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.Thus,Iwouldargueagainstcopying

previousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent,eventhoughthatmight

bethemoreriskychoice.

(1)Whatdoestheauthorsayabouthistoricalbuildingsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Someofthemarenotattractive.B.Mostofthemaretooexpensivetopreserve.

C.Theyaremorepleasingthanmodernbuildings.D.Theyhavenothingtodowiththe

historicfeelofanarea.

(2)WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Weshouldreproducethesameoldbuildings.B.Buildingsshouldnotdominatetheir

surroundings.

C.Someoldbuildingshavespoilttheareatheyarein.D.Nooneunderstandswhypeople

speakagainstnewbuildings.

(3)By"movethingsforward"inthelastparagraph,theauthorprobablymeans"

A.destroyoldbuildingsB.putthingsinadifferentplace

C.choosenewarchitecturalstyleD.respectpeople'sfeelingsforhistoricalbuildings

(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toexplainwhypeopledislikechange.B.Toarguethatmodernbuildingscanbebuiltin

historicareas.

C.Towarnthatwecouldenduplivingincaves.D.Toadmithownewbuildingshaveruined

theirsurroundings.

【答案】(1)A

(2)C

(3)C

(4)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章是對(duì)于現(xiàn)在人們經(jīng)常討論的問(wèn)題一一是否現(xiàn)代

建筑應(yīng)該和古老的歷史建筑在一起一一進(jìn)行了闡述，在作者看來(lái)歷史建筑應(yīng)該保存，但是

我們的建筑風(fēng)格也應(yīng)該改變，不能因?yàn)闅v史建筑破壞我們的生活。

⑴細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive.可知,一些歷史建筑

不夠有吸引力，故選A。

(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段首句Itistruethatthereareexamplesofnewbuildingswhichhave

spoilt(破壞)theareatheyarein,butthesamecanbesaidofsomeoldbuildingstoo.可知，一

些新建筑破壞了所在的區(qū)域，但古建筑也有這種情況，故作者認(rèn)為一些歷史建筑破壞了他

們生活的地方，故選C。

(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewould

allstillbelivingincaves.(如果建筑師不改變建筑風(fēng)格，我們現(xiàn)在還住在山洞里面)可推

知，"movingthingsforward"指"選擇新的建筑風(fēng)格”，故選C。

⑷推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段首句Shouldweallowmodernbuildingstobebuiltnextto

olderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity?可知，這篇文章是討論現(xiàn)代建筑是否可以建在歷史

遺跡的地方，故選B。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】英語(yǔ)閱讀理解議論文解題技巧：英語(yǔ)議論文通常為三段式，即〃論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)

論〃三部份組成。首先借助某一現(xiàn)象引出論點(diǎn)，然后通過(guò)一定論據(jù)從各個(gè)層面上加以推理論

證，最后得出結(jié)論。議論文體主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)論點(diǎn)及論據(jù)的把握。因此，遇到議論文體

時(shí)，應(yīng)采取抓主題句的方法來(lái)把握文章主旨，弄清作者的觀點(diǎn)2017高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解類型

及答題技巧20”高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解類型及答題技巧。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，作者的論點(diǎn)通常在文章首

段被引出，接著是對(duì)這一論點(diǎn)的邏輯推理和論證，最后為結(jié)論。還應(yīng)注意的是：在對(duì)論點(diǎn)

論證的過(guò)程中，每一段的首句都是該段的主題句。把握全文論點(diǎn)、弄清論證各段的主題

句、理解文章層次、找出中心論點(diǎn)的位置是理解議論文的關(guān)鍵。

6.閱讀理解

Manyanimalsrecognizetheirfoodbecausetheyseeit.Sodohumans.Whenyouseeanapple

orapieceofchocolateyouknowthatthesearethingsyoucaneat.Youcanalsouseothersenses

whenyouchooseyourfood.Youmaylikeitbecauseitsmellsgoodorbecauseittastesgood.You

maydislikesometypesoffoodbecausetheydonotlook,smellortasteverynice.Different

animalsusedifferentsensestofindandchoosetheirfood.Afewanimalsdependononlyoneof

theirsenses,whilemostanimalsusemorethanonesense.

Althoughtherearemanydifferenttypesoffood,someanimalsspendtheirliveseatingonly

onetype.Thegiantpandaeatsonlyoneparticulartypeofbamboo.Otheranimalseatonlyone

typeoffoodevenwhengiventhechoice.Alandofwhitebutterflywillstayontheleavesofa

cabbage,eventhoughthereareplentyofothervegetablesinthegarden.However,mostanimals

haveamorevarieddiet.Thebeareatsfruitsandfish.Thefoxeatssmallanimals,birdsandfruits.

Thedietoftheseanimalswillbedifferentdependingontheseason.

Humanshaveaveryvarieddiet.Weofteneatfoodbecausewelikeitandnotbecauseitis

goodforus.IncountriessuchasFranceandBritain,peopleeatfoodswithtoomuchsugar.This

makesthemoverweight,whichisbadfortheirhealth.Eatingtoomuchredmeatandanimal

products,suchasbutter,canalsobebadforthehealthChoosingtherightfood,therefore,has

becomeanareaofstudyinmodernlife.

(1)Wecaninferfromthetextthathumansandanimals__.

A.dependononesenseinchoosingfoodB.arenotsatisfiedwiththeirfood

C.choosefoodinsimilarwaysD.eatentirelydifferentfood

(2)Whichofthefollowingeatsonlyonetypeoffood?

A.ThewhitebutterflyB.Thesmallbird.C.Thebear.D.Thefox.

(3)Certainanimalschangetheirchoiceoffoodwhen__.

A.theseasonchangesB.thefoodcolorchanges

C.theymovetodifferentplacesD.theyareattractedbydifferentsmells

(4)Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat__.

A.foodischosenforagoodreasonB.FrenchandBritishfoodisgood

C.somepeoplehavefewchoicesoffoodD.somepeoplecarelittleabouthealthydiet

(5)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Animalsoftenusesensestoeattheirfood.B.Mostanimalshaveamorevarieddiet.

C.Allanimalsspendtheirliveseatingonetypeoffood.D.Thedietofbirdsandfoxwillbe

thesamedependingontheseason.

【答案】(1)C

(2)A

(3)A

(4)D

(5)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了動(dòng)物和人選擇食物的方法以及一些動(dòng)物選擇

食物的偏向性。

(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Manyanimalsrecognizetheirfoodbecausetheyseeit.

Sod。humans.〃可知?jiǎng)游锖腿祟愒谶x擇食物的時(shí)候，使用的方法可能是相似的，故選C。

(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Alandofwhitebutterflywillstayontheleavesofa

cabbage,eventhoughthereareplentyofothervegetablesinthegarden.”可矢口，白蝴蝶只吃——

種食物。故選A。

(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thedietoftheseanimalswillbedifferentdepending

ontheseason/何知，有些動(dòng)物的飲食會(huì)隨著季節(jié)的變化而發(fā)生改變。故選A。

(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Thismakesthemoverweight,whichisbadfortheir

healthEatingtoomuchredmeatandanimalproducts,suchasbutter,canalsobebadforthe

healthChoosingtherightfood,therefore,hasbecomeanareaofstudyinmodernlife.可矢口，吃

太多的糖會(huì)讓人超重，對(duì)身體健康不好，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)氖澄镌诂F(xiàn)代生活中已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)研究

領(lǐng)域。因此推斷有些人不在乎健康的飲食。故選D。

(5)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"However,mostanimalshaveamorevarieddiet."可

知，大多少動(dòng)物飲食多樣化。故選B。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考

生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。

7.閱讀理解

A12-year-oldwithendstagecancer,thechild'sparentshadrecentlymovedherfromthe

hospitaltoherhomeinthesuburbsofLosAngeles.Somedayslaterthegirl'sbreathquickened,

andherfatherphonedthefamily'shospicenurse.Pleasecome,hesaid.

Thenurseknewthevisitwouldrequiremorethanfourhoursofhertime:atwo-hourdrivein

eachdirection,plushertimewiththegirl.Whydon'tweconnectoverFaceTime,sheasked.The

fatheragreed,andtheyconnected.

Thenurseaskedthefathertomovehisdaughtergentlytoherside,thentoherback,toliftthe

child'sshirt.Thenursewouldask:Whatdoyousee,whatconcernsyou,andthefatherwould

explain.Inthisfashionthepairexaminedthegirlthenurseonhercomputer,thefatherhis

iPad.Togethertheydecidedthatthenurse'spresencewasnotnecessary,thatthechildhadmore

time.

Later,thefatherreportedfeelingcomfortedbythenurse.Heappreciatedheravailability,the

factthatshecouldseewhathesaw,andtheirabilitytodiscussitinrealtime.

TelemedicinehasbecomeatrendinAmerica.Somehospitalshavegonesofarastospecially

designtelemedicineclinics.Theroomisstagedlikeanofficebutwithbetterlighting.There'sa

nicedeskforthecliniciantositbehind,acomputersituatedstageleft,andbooksinthe

background.Aphysiciantakingavideocallfromhomemightwearapairofheadphones,

equippedwithamictoensurewhateverthepatientsaysisn'tbroadcasttoanyoneoff-camera.

However,thereissomethingmorethanthetechnologybit.AccordingtoDavid,theheadofthe

telemedicinepilotthegirl'sfamilyhadbeenpartof,therearesomepeoplewhoaregreatin

personandyouputthemoncamerathey'readeadfish."Somephysiciansarecamerashy.For

others,thephysicalisolationcanactuallyhelpthembemoreempathetic/'Headds.

〃Myexperienceisthat,onceyougetpastsomeinitialhurdles,youcanmaintainanintimate,

immediateconnectionwithpatientsthatinsomecasesmaybemoreusefulthanevenin-person

interactions/7Davidsays.

(1)WhydidthenursesuggestingconnectingviaFaceTime?

A.Becauseshewasnotallowedtoleaveherclinic.B.Becauseshehadtotakecareofother

patientsintheclinic.

C.Becauseittooktoomuchtimeonherwaytopatient'shome.D.Becausethefatherdidn't

payforherfareoftransportation.

(2)Howdidthefatherthinkofthetelemedicineservice?

A.Hedoubtedthequalityoftheservice.B.Hethoughthighlyoftheservice.

C.Heinsistedtheservicebeimproved.D.Hechallengedtheauthorityofthenurse.

(3)Whatdoweknowabouttheroomsfortelemedicine?

A.Betterairconditionersareprovidedforacomfortableenvironment.B.Miesareequipped

toprotectprivacyofpatients.

C.Professionalbooksareinplaceforimmediateconsultation.D.Theroomwithacomputer

issituatedinthedoctor'shome.

(4)Whatchallengesmaycliniciansfaceintelemedicine?

A.Theyareafraidofbeingisolatedfrompatients.B.Theycouldnotexaminethepatients

carefully.

C.Theyarerequiredtodealwithin-personinteractions.D.Theymaynotfeelquite

themselvesinfrontofacamera.

【答案】(1)C

(2)B

(3)B

(4)D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療已經(jīng)成為美國(guó)的一種趨勢(shì).有些醫(yī)

院甚至專門設(shè)計(jì)了遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療診所。

(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thenurseknewthevisitwouldrequiremorethanfour

hoursofhertime:atwo-hourdriveineachdirection,plushertimewiththegirl.Whydon'twe

connectoverFaceTime,sheasked.〃可知，護(hù)士建議通過(guò)視頻通話是因?yàn)樾枰嗟臅r(shí)間她才

能到達(dá)病人的家。故選C。

(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的"Heappreciatedheravailability,thefactthatshecould

seewhathesaw,and