2024年上海市高考英語模擬試卷試題(含答案)

2024年高考英語調(diào)研全真模擬考試卷（上海卷）

英語

（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：140分）

注意事項：

1.本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第n卷（非選擇題）兩部分。答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考

證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答第I卷時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，

用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。寫在本試卷上無效。

3.回答第n卷時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。

4.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

I.ListeningComprehension（第1-10題，每題1分；第11-20題，每題L5分;共25分）

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,

anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.A.Sharpentheman'spencil.B.Askthemodeltomovehisarm.

C.Givethemananewsheetofpaper.D.Showthemanadrawingtechnique.

2.A.Postherthepaperafterthedeadline.

B.Handinahandwrittendraftofthepaper.

C.Attendaconferencewithhertwoweekslater.

D.Completethecoursewithouthandinginthepaper.

3.A.Theboydoesn'thavetocleanthescreenofhiscomputer.

B.There'snotenoughtimefbrtheboytocleanboth.

C.Thedeskissuchamessandneedscleaning.

D.Theboy'smotherwilldothecleaningforhim.

4.A.Sheasksthemantoopenthewindow.B.Itiscoldinside.

C.Shedoesn'twanttoopenthewindow.D.Sheprefersthefreshair.

5.A.Theyhadbetternotgoout.B.Togetsomeyogurtisagoodidea.

C.Ifstoocoldtowalkinthesnow.D.Heprefersmilktoyogurt.

6.A.Awaiter.B.Ashopassistant.C.Acashier.D.Apostman.

7.A.Shealwaystalksbadabouthercolleagues.

B.Shehasagoodreputationforbeinghonest.

C.Sheisgoodathandlingcomplicatedrelationships.

D.Shehasgoodrelationswithpeoplearoundher.

8.A.John'sjobtransfer.B.Therapidspreadofrumour.

C.ThenewprojectinIndia.D.John^quarrelwithhiswife.

9.A.It'shardtobuytheticketsonthespot.

B.Ticketsarecheaperifboughtonline.

C.Freebookletsprovidediscountsfortheshow.

D.Thecomicshowcanbewatchedonline.

10.A.Atthebusstop.B.Attheinformationdesk.

C.Ontheplatform.D.Intheofficebuilding.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeasked

severalquestionsoneachoftheshortpassagesandthelongerconversation.Theshortpassagesandthelonger

conversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthe

fourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。

11.A.Torecallhisownchildhood.

B.Tohelphischildrenbecomemoremature.

C.Tospoilthemonpurpose.

D.Tomakeupforhispitythathedidn'thaveitinhischildhood.

12.A.Theytakepossessionsandsupportfromtheirpeersforgranted.

B.Theyareresponsibleforbuildingthelifethattheirparentsdesire.

C.Theyarewillingtosupporttheirpeersifnecessary.

D.Theybecomemorematureandresponsible.

13.A.Toloveandprovideforchildren.

B.Tohelpchildrenbecomekindandresponsible.

C.Tohelpchildrengetwhattheyneed.

D.Tohelpchildrenmeettheirgoals.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。

14.A.Heestablishedsomeprofessorships.

B.Hesetuptheadministrationsystem.

2

C.Hefoundedthefirstmodemuniversity.

D.HeorderedstudentstolearnGreekandLatin.

15.A.Theytalkwitheachother.B.Theyreadbookstoseektruth.

C.Theyplaytricksoneachother.D.Theyimprovethewayofreasoning.

16.A.Theuseoftheabstract.B.Thenatureofuniversals.

C.Thewaytotellrightfromwrong.D.Theimportanceofindividualacts.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。

17.A.Tofightagainstviolentaction.

B.Toexplorenewwaysofstudyinganimals.

C.Tostopanimalbeingusedformedicalresearch.

D.Tohighlighttheprotectionofendangeredanimals.

18.A.Itmightbethemostefficientwaytofreeanimals

B.Thedamagedoneinthiscasemightnotbesoterrible.

C.Itmightnotbesuchaseriouscrimeintheeyesofthelaw

D.Thecostofsettingupthelabmightdiscouragethefirmfromdoingso.

19.A.Evidencewasfoundthatnoactualanimalcrueltydidhappen

B.Evidencewasfoundthatthescientistsdidn'tobeycertainrules.

C.Thescientistscouldn'taffordtofindanimalsagainfortheresearch

D.Thescientistswerebelievedtohavebeeninvolvedinillegalaction.

20.A.Itisnottheiroriginalintention.

B.Itdoesbringthemmuchtrouble.

C.Ithasmadetheirlifedifficult.

D.Itiswhattheyapologisefor.

ILGrammarandVocabulary(每題1分；共20分)

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

ANewWaytoLearnLanguages

Nowadays,theInternetischangingthewaypeoplelearnlanguages.Thereisstillnowaytoavoidthehard

workthroughvocabularylistsandgrammarrules,butsincethebirthoftheInternet,books,tapesandevenCDs

21(replace)byemail,videochatandsocialnetworks.

Livemocha,aSeattle-basedcompany,hascreatedawebsitehelpingpeoplelearnmorethan38languagesby

exchangingmessagesovertheInternetandthen22(correct)eachother5smessages.Thelessons,23

formtheyarein,aredeliveredonline.

TheCEOofLivemochasaysthewebsite'sadvantageisthecontext24youmaypracticespeaking

witharealperson."Thegreatironyisthatevenifyouhavelearnedaforeignlanguageintheclassroomforyears,

youarenotconfident25(go)intoarestaurant,strikingupaconversation,hesaid.Thecasualconnections

withrealpeoplethroughouttheworldarenotjustfunandsurprisingbutrevealmoreabout26the

languageisreallyused.

Livemochaisnowexperimentingwithmanywaysthatresemblethegames27(find)onothersocial

websitestomotivatepeople.Besides,eachpersoncansetupaprofile28includesashortself-description

andwhatlanguageheorshewouldliketolearn.Therefore,ifyouwanttolearnonelanguage,youwilleasilyfind

manypeoplefluentinthislanguage.Anditbecomes29(challenging)tofindastudypartner.Anemailor

twoisallittakes.

TherearemoreandmorecompanieslikeLivemochaofferingonlinelanguagelearningtostudentsthroughout

theworld.30merelyhelpingpeoplepracticedifferentlanguages,theyalsoenablepeopletoshare

interestsandmakenewfriends.

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Note

thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.(2023?上海普陀?統(tǒng)考二模)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproper

wordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.confirmedB.measurableC.previouslyD.determineE.trackingF.habitable

G.virtuallyH.sensitiveI.protectJ.surprisedK.system

ANewExoplanetintheSystem

In2014,datafromNASA'sKeplerSpaceTelescopeallowedastronomerstoannouncethedetectionofthree

planetsorbitingKepler-138.Thiswasbasedona31dipinstarlightastheplanetmomentarilypassed

infrontoftheirstar,atransit.

BennekeandhiscolleagueDianaDragomir,fromtheUniversityofNewMexico,cameupwiththeideaof

re-observingtheplanetary32withtheHubbleandSpitzerspacetelescopesbetween2014and2016to

catchmoretransitsofKepler-138d,thethirdplanetinthesystem,inordertostudyitsatmosphere.

WhileearlierNASAKeplerspacetelescopeobservationsonlyshowedtransitsofthreesmallplanetsaround

Kepler-138,Piauletandherteamwere33tofindthattheHubbleandSpitzerobservationssuggested

thepresenceofafourthplanetinthesystem,Kepler-138e.

Thisnewlyfoundplanetissmallandfartherfromitsstarthanthethreeothers,taking38daystocompletean

orbit.Theplanetisinthe34zoneofitsstar,atemperateregionwhereaplanetreceivesjusttheright

amountofheatfromitscoolstartobeneithertoohotnortoocoldtoallowthepresenceofliquidwater.Observing

theexoplanet5stransitwouldhaveallowedastronomersto35itssize.

WithKepler-138e,themassesofthe36knownplanetsweremeasuredagainviathetransit

timing-variationmethod,whichconsistsof37smallvariationsintheprecisemomentsoftheplanets'

transitsinfrontoftheirstarcausedbythegravitationalpullofothernearbyplanets.

4

Theresearchershadanothersurprise:theyfoundthatthetwowaterworldsKepler-138canddaretwinplanets,

with38thesamesizeandmass,whiletheywerepreviouslythoughttobegreatlydifferent.Thecloser-in

planet,Kepler-138b,ontheotherhand,is39tobeasmallMars-massplanet,oneofthesmallest

exoplanetsknowntodate.

“Asourinstrumentsandtechniquesbecome40enoughtofindandstudyplanetsthatarefarther

fromtheirstars,wemightstartfindingalotmorewaterworldslikeKepler-138candd,“Bennekeconcluded.

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.Fillin

eachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext

Humanbeingshavesomehowmanagedtoengineerthenighttoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.Thiskindof

controlisnodifferentfromthefeat（壯舉）ofdammingariver.Itsbenefitscomewith41——called

lightpollution-whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultof

badlightingdesign.42lightingwashesoutthedarknessofnight,alteringlightlevelsandlightrhythms

towhichmanyformsoflife,includingourselves,have43Whereverman-madelightspillsintothe

naturalworld,someaspectsoflife-migration,reproduction,feeding-isaffected.

Formosthumanhistory,thephrase“l(fā)ightpollution^^wouldhave44Imaginewalkingtowards

Londononamoonlitnightaround1800,whenitwasEarth'smostpopulouscity.Nearlyamillionpeoplelived

there,45candles,torchesandlanterns,astheyalwayshad.Onlyafewhouseswerelitbygas,andthere

wouldbenopublicgaslightsinthestreetsorsquaresforanothersevenyears.Fromafewmilesaway,youwould

havebeenmorelikelyto46Londonthantoseeitsdimcollectiveglow.

We'velitupthenightasifitwerea（n）47country.Asamatteroffact,amongmammals（哺孚L動物）

alone,thenumberofspeciesactiveatnightisastonishing.Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmany

speciesitactsasamagnetattractingthemtoit.Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsand

seabirdsbeing48bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms,circling

andcirclinginthethousandsuntiltheydrop.

Itwasoncethoughtthatlightpollutiononlyaffectedastronomers,whoneedtoseethenightskyinallits

gloriousclarity.Unlikeastronomers,mostofusmaynotneeda49viewofthenightskyforourwork.

50,likemostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.51darknessispointless.Itisasessentialto

maintainingourbiologicalwelfareas52itself;thepriceofmodifyingourinternalclockworkmeansit

doesn'toperateasitshould,causingvariousphysicaldiscomforts.Sofundamentalaretheregularrhythmsof

wakingandsleeptoourbeingthat53themissimilartoalteringourcenterofgravity.

Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesusto54ourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthe

scaleofourbeing,whichisbest55againstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay一the

edgeofourgalaxy-archingoverhead.

41.A.consequencesB.achievementsC.agreementsD.circumstances

42.A.Randomly-designedB.Well-designedCPoorly-designedD.Economically-designed

43.A.appealedB.adaptedC.objectedD.amounted

44.A.comeundercriticismB.madenodifferenceC.comeintoeffectD.madenosense

45.A.makingdowithB.fedupwithC.identifyingwithD.overflowingwith

46.A.visitB.greetC.feelD.smell

47.A.independentB.disconnectedC.unoccupiedD.excluded

48.A.exposedB.capturedC.dismissedD.frustrated

49.A.clearB.comprehensiveC.traditionalD.critical

50.A.SubsequentlyB.HoweverC,ThereforeD.Similarly

51.A.ReviewingB.EmbracingC.DenyingD.Regulating

52.A.lightB.rhythmC.statusD.dawn

53.A.emergingfromB.withdrawingfromC.messingwithD.coincidingwith

54.A.keeptrackofB.losesightofC.catchholdofD.letgoof

55.A.measuredB.neutralizedC.undergoneD.supervised

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished

statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccording

totheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

A

OnJune22,1927,CharlesLindberghflewintoDayton,OhiooftheUS,fordinneratOrvilleWrighfshouse.

Ithadbeenjustamonthsincetheyoungaviator（飛彳亍家）completedthefirsteversolononstopcrossingofthe

Atlantic,andhefeltheoughttopayhisrespectstothecelebratedpioneerofflight.

Forty-twoyearslater,onJuly16,1969,Apollo11astronautNeilArmstrongwasallowedtobringapersonal

guesttotheKennedySpaceCentertowitnessthelaunchofNASA'stoweringSaturnVrocket.Armstronginvited

hishero,CharlesLindbergh.

Oneman,Lindbergh,couldbethelivinglinkbetweenthepilotofthefirstpoweredflightandthecommander

ofthefirstmissiontoanotherworld.

Inourcentury,forbetterorworse,progressisn'twhatitusedtobe.NorthwesternUniversityeconomist

RobertGordonarguesthatby1970,allthekeytechnologiesofmodernlifewereinplace:electricity,mechanized

agriculture,highways,airtravel,telecommunications,andthelike.Afterthat,innovationandeconomicgrowth

simplycouldn'tkeepgoingatthebreakneckpacesetovertheprevious100years-aperiodGordoncalls"the

specialcentury.^^

Since1970theonlynotablecreationhasbeentheever-growingincreaseincomputingpowerintheformof

theInternetandourmobiledevices.Butinmostotherways,Gordonargues,thelivesofpeopleindeveloped

nationslookandfeelthesamein2019astheydidin1979or1989.

Considerconsumerrobotics.There9senormouspotentialforrobotstohelpuswithhousework,education,

entertainmentandmedicalcare.Buthomeroboticscompaniesseemtokeepfolding.Sofar,theonlycommercially

successfulhomerobot,theRoombavacuumcleaner,hitthemarketin2002.

6

Orconsideraccesstospace.In2007theXPRIZEFoundationoffered$30millioninprizestocommercial

teamsthatwouldcompetetolandaroboticroveronthemoonby2018.Althoughfiveteamshadbuiltrovers,all

hadtroubleraisingenoughmoneytobuylaunchcontracts.

Meanwhilethelistofpotentiallyworld-changingtechnologiesthatgetlotsofpressinkbutremainstubbornly

intheprototype（雛形）phaseisverylong.Self-drivingcars,flyingcars,genetherapy,nuclearfusion.NeedI

continue?

Granted,theseareallhardproblems.Buthistorically,solvingthereallybigproblems-ruralelectrification,

forexample-hasrequiredsustained,large-scaleinvestments,oftenwithprivatemarketsandtaxpayerssplittingthe

burden.Inthiscentury,weurgentlyneedtoundosomeoftheconsequencesofthelastgreatboombydeveloping

affordablezero-andnegative-emissionstechnologies.Thafsanotherhardproblemandtosolveit,we511needto

recapturesomeofwhatmadethe“specialcentury^^sospecial.

56.Inthebeginningofthepassage,theauthorusedthestoryCharlesLindbergto.

A.explaintechnologyadvancedfastinthepast100years

B.infermostaviatorsarelikelytoknoweachotherwell

C.provethismanwasakeyhistoricfigureofthepastcentury

D.pointoutweshouldbegratefultosuchapioneeringinventor

57.WhydoesRobertGordoncallthepast100years"thespecialcentury”?

A.Computingpowerkeepsgrowingatahighspeed.

B.Newthingskeepcominguptomakelifeeasier.

C.Humanlifehasbecomehighlymechanized.

D.Peoplehavebeentrainedtobemorecreative.

58.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleofaccesstospaceinparagraph7?

A.Biginnovationscan'tbeachievedwithoutconstantfinancialsupport.

B.Technologicaldevelopmentcan'tbegainedifitisnotappliedpractically.

C.Scientificprojectsarenotconsideredvaluableunlesscommerciallysuccessful.

D.Newcreationsarenotworthmakingunlesssignificantlyimprovingpeople'slives.

59.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?

A.Sustainedandlarge-scaleinvestmentsarehardertogetnowthanbefore.

B.Peoplearefacingatimewithmoredifficultproblemsthanitusedtobe.

C.Majortechnologicalshiftsarefewerandfartherbetweenthantheywere.

D.Solutionstothereallybigproblemsarefewerthanwecouldexpect.

B

Onlinecoursesofferpeopleabundantopportunitiestolearn.TrysomeoftheHarvardonlinecoursesabout

humanities.

ThePathtoHappiness

FromConfucianismtoDaoism,thephilosophiesdevelopedovertwothousandyearsagoareamongthemost

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goodlifetoday.

Duration:June16,2021—June14,2022

Fees:Freeofcharge

Pace:Self-paced

Difficulty:Introductory

IntroductiontotheAncientGreekWorld

ThiscourseisaboutancientGreecewithitsuniqueplaces,waysoflifeandhistoricalchanges.Wesurveythe

mostimportantsocialinstitutionsandculturaltraditions.Wealsostudyeverydayfeaturessuchasfoodanddress.

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Biotechnologyoffersexcitingandpromisingprospectsforhealingthesickandrelievingthesuffering.Inthis

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SuperheroesandPower

Whatmakessuperheroespopular?Howcantheyhelpusthinkaboutsuperpowers?Inthiscourse,weexplore

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Pace:Instructor-led

Difficulty:Intermediate

60.WhichcoursecanyoutakeifyouarefreeinOct.2021?

A.ThePathtoHappinessB.IntroductiontotheAncientGreekWorld

C.BiotechnologyandtheHumanGoodD.SuperheroesandPower

61.WhatdoesBiotechnologyandtheHumanGooddealwith?

A.Powersofsuperheroes.B.Moreusesofbiotech.

C.Waystoincreasehappiness.D.Clinicalpracticesofbiotech.

62.Whatdothefourcourseshaveincommon?

A.Theyareofthesamelevel.B.Theyarefreeofcharge.

C.Theybelongtothesamesubject.D.Theyareinstructor-led.

8

c

Tenyearsago,thecyclisfsridinghardthroughthefirstsnowstormoftheyearwasararesight,oftencaptured

fortheeveningnews.Today,however,itisestimatedthat4-5%ofcyclistsridebikesyear-round.

Beingpreparediskeytoagoodrideinthewinter.Theincreasingpopularityofwintercyclingisduetothe

creationofmountainbikeanditsimitation.Equippedwithmorestablebicycles,nothingseemstobeabletostop

theadventurouswintercyclists.Manyofthemwearrunningshoesandprotectthemselvesfromthecoldbywearing

downhill-skiingclothes.Onwetdays,theywearspecialwater-proofovertheirshoes.

Besidesallthesementionedabove,thereisonethingthathasmadewinterridingmorepopulartheseyears.In

thepast,cyclistsneedtocleanandoiltheirbicyclechainsonceaweek,whichisnoeasytask.Butonebicyclestore

ownertackledthisweeklychallengingtaskwithaninnovatedcompletechaincover.Withbicyclechains

completelycovered,cyclistswouldneedtodothetroublesomeworkonceeverysixmonths.Despitethisamazing

invention,thestoreownerstilladvisescycliststotakeataxiorbuswhenit'sreallysnowingheavily,notbecause

conditionsaretoohardforbicycles,butbecausesheisafraidthatmanybikersmayloseconfidenceinthemselves

onsnowydaysofreduceddiscernibility,whichisverydangerous.

63.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.WinterMountaincyclingcompetitions.

B.Suitableclothingforwintercycling.

C.Popularityofwintercyclinganditsreasons.

D.Increasesinwintercyclingequipment.

64.Accordingtothepassage,whathasmadewintercyclingnolongerararesight?

A.Constructionofbicyclepaths.B.Adecreaseinequipmentprices.

C.Theinventionofstablebicycles.D.Milderweatherinrecentyears.

65.Howdidonebicyclestoreownerhelpthewintercyclists?

A.Shesellsbicyclesataverylowprice.

B.Shemakescyclinginwinterlessdangerous.

C.Shehelpsimprovecyclists5confidencewhenriding.

D.Sheinventsanewwaytoreducethefrequencyofmaintenance.

66.Theunderlinedword“discemibility“inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto

A.visibilityB.popularity

C.congestionD.creativity

SectionC

Directions:CompletethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesintheboxEachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.

Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.

Tipping,customerspayingserviceworkers,usuallyatrestaurants,forservicestheyreceive,hasbeenaregular

partofAmericancultureforwelloveracentury,buttheemergenceofnewtechnologyandshiftingexpectations

haveshakenlong-standingnormsaroundthepractice.Thatuncertainty,togetherwiththepressureitcanoften

create,hasleftsomeconsumersfeelingexhaustedbythefrequencywithwhichthey'reforcedtodecidewhich

workerstotipandhowmuch.

Abigreasonforthegrowthofwhatisbeingcalled"tiptiredness^^istheincreasingpresenceofdigitalpayment

systems,whichhavereplacedtraditionalcashregistersatmostbusinesses.Suddenly,ratherthanbeinggiventhe

chancetodropadollarinatipjar,customersareconfrontedwithatablet.67Theyhavetotipfor

servicesthey'dneverconsideredtippingforinthepast.

Tippingalsomakeslaborlawsmorecomplicated.Inallbutahandfulofstates,employersareallowedtopay

tippedworkersbelowminimumwage.Insomecases,thestandardisaslowas$2.13perhour,aslongasworkers

makeenoughintipstoearntheequivalentofminimumwage.68Manypeoplearedebatingover

whethertippingsystemneedarepair——orevenshouldbecancelledaltogether.Theysaytippingneedstobe

eliminatedandreplacedbyafairwageforallserviceworkers.Thetippingpracticeincreasesthepossibilitythat

employeescan'tgetwhattheydeserve.69Inmanycases,customers9tipamountsarelargelyguidedby

factorsotherthanqualityoftheservicetheyreceive,whichmakesthesituationevenworse.

However,defendersofthecurrentarrangementsayifsstillthebestoption.70Itprovidesachance

forworkerstohavemorecontrolovertheirfinancialwelfare.Ifarestaurantisdoingwellbecauseit'ssafely

operated,properlymanagedanddeliversgreatfood,customerswillusuallytip.Andwhenthathappens,everyone

一fromthewaitstafftothedishwashers-canshareinthebusiness'ssuccess.

A.Thefrustrationaboutsuchshiftingwagepaymenthasaddednewwrinklestothecontroversy.

B.Thediversityoftippingchannelssomewhateasestheconflictsindecidingtheamountoftips.

C.Noworkersshouldhavetheirlivelihooddependontheircustomers?mercy.

D.Thepopularityofdigitalpoint-of-salesystemshasalsomeantconsumersarebeingaskedtotipmore

frequently.

E.Tipping,againstmanypeople'swills,establishesanewcustomer-serverrelationship.

F.It'sbelievedthattippingistheultimateprofit-sharingplan.

IV.SummaryWriting

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomore

than60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

KeepingtheKidsEatingHealthy

Fruitsandvegetablesaresuperimportantforkidstobeabletogrowuphealthyandstrong.Science

recommendsthatchildrenaged2to18getatleasttwoservingsoffruitandthreeservingsofvegetableseachday.

Butgettingkidstoeattheirfruitsandvegetablesisofteneasiersaidthandone.Ifyouneedadditionalreasonsto

helpyourkidsboosttheirint