2016天津物理中考試卷及答案

2016天津物理中考試卷及答案2016年天津市中考物理試卷一、選擇題(共小題，每小題分，滿分分)103301(鼓在受到擊打時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)聲，用不同力量擊打，發(fā)生變化的主要是聲音的()A(音調(diào)B(響度C(音色D(頻率2(將一根金屬導(dǎo)線均勻拉長(zhǎng)后，其電阻()A(變大B(變小C(不變D(無法判斷3(如圖是某物質(zhì)熔化時(shí)溫度隨時(shí)間變化的圖象，根據(jù)圖象中的信息，判斷下列說法正確的是()A(該物質(zhì)為非晶體B(該物質(zhì)的熔點(diǎn)是80?C(在第5min時(shí)物質(zhì)已全部熔化D(第10min時(shí)物質(zhì)處于液態(tài)4(下列做法中不符合安全用電原則的是()A(不接觸低壓帶電體，不靠近高壓帶電體B(更換燈泡、搬動(dòng)電器前先斷開電源開關(guān)C(用濕毛巾擦洗正在發(fā)光的臺(tái)燈燈泡，保持其清潔D(長(zhǎng)期使用的家用電器達(dá)到使用壽命后及時(shí)更換5(圖中的a表示垂直于紙面的一根導(dǎo)線，它是閉合電路的一部分，當(dāng)它在磁場(chǎng)中按箭頭方向運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，不能產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流的情況是()A(B(C(D(6(對(duì)于我們教室里一張單人課桌的下列估測(cè)，最接近實(shí)際值的是()A(課桌高度約為0.8mB(課桌質(zhì)量約為50kg23C(桌面面積約為4mD(書箱容積約為0.8m7(下列幾組生活現(xiàn)象與其所蘊(yùn)含的物理知識(shí)，對(duì)應(yīng)完全正確的是()A(現(xiàn)象知識(shí)橡皮筋受拉力發(fā)生了形變力的作用是相互的人穿旱冰鞋推墻時(shí)會(huì)后退B(現(xiàn)象知識(shí)用力捏車閘可使自行車停下減小摩擦鞋底上刻有凹凸不平的花紋C(現(xiàn)象知識(shí)拍打窗簾能清除表面浮灰利用慣性助跑能使運(yùn)動(dòng)員跳得更遠(yuǎn)D(thatconstructionsiteclean,consciouslymaintainsanitation.(4)ensurethesafetyofmaterialsandsemi-finishedproducts.8.qualityassessment,datacompilation:buried,belongstotheconcealedworksconstruction,thereforeitsqualityinspectionmustbecarriedoutaccordingtoacceptanceofconcealedwork-related.Mainlyinthefollowingaspects:(1)acceptanceofpositioningisaccurate.(2)isfixedsecurely.(3)tighteningcompliancerequirements.(4)haveanimpactonotherprojects.(5)thematerialusediseligible.(6)completeinformationhasbeencollected.Documentation:shouldfollowconstructionprogressatanytimefinishingselfacceptance,signatureacceptanceaftertherepresentativesofthepartywereinvited.Requirements:(1)covertacceptanceisthetypesetbytheowners'consentbeforetheycanpurchaseandorderundertheprogram,eachstonemustusethesamebackground,thesamepattern,sizeerrorin0.5mmstone.Airinfiltrationproperties,stonecurtainwallwindpressurerainwaterleakageindistortionperformance,performanceandenergy-savingperformanceinfrontoftheconstructionshouldbeinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanofthespecificationandthefilesizeintheappropriateauthorityinspectiondepartmentsqualifiedtesting.Stoneusedsteelkeel,installationjobmainincludingfollowingsteps:2.1constructionQianprepared2.2preburiedpiecesprocessing2.3measurementandthemeasurementresultsfiguredraws2.4verticalboxpositioningputline2.5turnedreceivedpiecesinstallation2.6verticalboxinstallation2.7verticalboxcorrectionandacceptance2.8layerhighandthecrossboxmeasurementpositioningandputline2.9crossboxinstallation2.10installation2.11stoneplateinstallation2.12sealedrubberinjection2.13cleanending2.14constructionQianprepared1.DescriptionProjectManagerrequiredforthedurationoftheprojectschedule,technicalinformation,tools,machinery,apparatus,materials,personnel,temporaryfacilitiesready.2.thescopeofpreviousconstruction(1)projectoutline:tounderstandthesiteprofiles,familiarwiththeconstructionandsupervisionofparty現(xiàn)象知識(shí)利用鉛垂線判斷墻壁是否豎直重力方向豎直向下關(guān)閉發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的汽車慢慢停下來8(小明想利用一塊平面鏡使射向井口的太陽光豎直射入井中，如圖所示，圖中的數(shù)字符號(hào)表示的是確定平面鏡位置時(shí)作圖的先后次序，其中作圖過程正確的是()A(B(C(D(9(如圖所示，在處于水平平衡的杠桿上A點(diǎn)，掛上4個(gè)鉤碼(每個(gè)鉤碼的質(zhì)量為50g)，若使杠桿在水平位置保持平衡，作用在杠桿B點(diǎn)的力量最小為(g取10N/kg)()A(15NB(6NC(3ND(1.5N10(直升機(jī)沿豎直方向勻速升空時(shí)，在豎直方向上受到升力F、重力G和阻力f，下面關(guān)于這三個(gè)力的關(guān)系式正確的是()A(F,G+fB(F,G,fC(F=G+fD(F=G,f二、選擇題(共小題，每小題分，滿分分)33911(小明在探究凸透鏡成像規(guī)律的實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，將點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭放在距凸透鏡32cm處，在透鏡另一側(cè)距透鏡18cm處的光屏上得到燭焰清晰的像，則()A(光屏上所成的是倒立、放大的實(shí)像B(光屏上所成的是倒立、縮小的實(shí)像C(該透鏡的焦距f一定滿足9cm,f,16cmD(該透鏡的焦距f一定滿足18cm,f,32cm12(某建筑工地上，工人師傅用滑輪組和桶組成的裝置將水泥從地面勻速運(yùn)，桶重為G，動(dòng)滑輪重為G，不計(jì)繩重至樓上，如圖所示，若水泥重為G012和摩擦，此過程中該裝置的機(jī)械效率為η，則工人師傅作用在繩子自由端的拉力F為()thatconstructionsiteclean,consciouslymaintainsanitation.(4)ensurethesafetyofmaterialsandsemi-finishedproducts.8.qualityassessment,datacompilation:buried,belongstotheconcealedworksconstruction,thereforeitsqualityinspectionmustbecarriedoutaccordingtoacceptanceofconcealedwork-related.Mainlyinthefollowingaspects:(1)acceptanceofpositioningisaccurate.(2)isfixedsecurely.(3)tighteningcompliancerequirements.(4)haveanimpactonotherprojects.(5)thematerialusediseligible.(6)completeinformationhasbeencollected.Documentation:shouldfollowconstructionprogressatanytimefinishingselfacceptance,signatureacceptanceaftertherepresentativesofthepartywereinvited.Requirements:(1)covertacceptanceisthetypesetbytheowners'consentbeforetheycanpurchaseandorderundertheprogram,eachstonemustusethesamebackground,thesamepattern,sizeerrorin0.5mmstone.Airinfiltrationproperties,stonecurtainwallwindpressurerainwaterleakageindistortionperformance,performanceandenergy-savingperformanceinfrontoftheconstructionshouldbeinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanofthespecificationandthefilesizeintheappropriateauthorityinspectiondepartmentsqualifiedtesting.Stoneusedsteelkeel,installationjobmainincludingfollowingsteps:2.1constructionQianprepared2.2preburiedpiecesprocessing2.3measurementandthemeasurementresultsfiguredraws2.4verticalboxpositioningputline2.5turnedreceivedpiecesinstallation2.6verticalboxinstallation2.7verticalboxcorrectionandacceptance2.8layerhighandthecrossboxmeasurementpositioningandputline2.9crossboxinstallation2.10installation2.11stoneplateinstallation2.12sealedrubberinjection2.13cleanending2.14constructionQianprepared1.DescriptionProjectManagerrequiredforthedurationoftheprojectschedule,technicalinformation,tools,machinery,apparatus,materials,personnel,temporaryfacilitiesready.2.thescopeofpreviousconstruction(1)projectoutline:tounderstandthesiteprofiles,familiarwiththeconstructionandsupervisionofpartyA(F=B(F=C(F=+GD(F=113(如圖所示電路中的a、b、c為三只電表(電壓表或電流表)，閉合開關(guān)S，標(biāo)有“3V3W”的燈泡L正常發(fā)光，標(biāo)有“6V3W”的燈泡L雖能發(fā)光但較暗，12若不考慮溫度對(duì)燈絲電阻的影響，下列說法正確的是()A(電表a為電流表，且示數(shù)為1.5AB(電表b為電壓表，且示數(shù)為3VC(電表c為電壓表，且示數(shù)為3VD(燈泡L2的實(shí)際功率為0.75W三、填空題(共小題，每小題，滿分642414(請(qǐng)將如圖所示的測(cè)量結(jié)果填寫在相應(yīng)的空格處((1)木塊的長(zhǎng)度是cm((2)物塊的質(zhì)量是g(15(光在真空中的傳播速度約為m/s;小芳面向穿衣鏡站在鏡前1m處，鏡中的像與她相距m(thatconstructionsiteclean,consciouslymaintainsanitation.(4)ensurethesafetyofmaterialsandsemi-finishedproducts.8.qualityassessment,datacompilation:buried,belongstotheconcealedworksconstruction,thereforeitsqualityinspectionmustbecarriedoutaccordingtoacceptanceofconcealedwork-related.Mainlyinthefollowingaspects:(1)acceptanceofpositioningisaccurate.(2)isfixedsecurely.(3)tighteningcompliancerequirements.(4)haveanimpactonotherprojects.(5)thematerialusediseligible.(6)completeinformationhasbeencollected.Documentation:shouldfollowconstructionprogressatanytimefinishingselfacceptance,signatureacceptanceaftertherepresentativesofthepartywereinvited.Requirements:(1)covertacceptanceisthetypesetbytheowners'consentbeforetheycanpurchaseandorderundertheprogram,eachstonemustusethesamebackground,thesamepattern,sizeerrorin0.5mmstone.Airinfiltrationproperties,stonecurtainwallwindpressurerainwaterleakageindistortionperformance,performanceandenergy-savingperformanceinfrontoftheconstructionshouldbeinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanofthespecificationandthefilesizeintheappropriateauthorityinspectiondepartmentsqualifiedtesting.Stoneusedsteelkeel,installationjobmainincludingfollowingsteps:2.1constructionQianprepared2.2preburiedpiecesprocessing2.3measurementandthemeasurementresultsfiguredraws2.4verticalboxpositioningputline2.5turnedreceivedpiecesinstallation2.6verticalboxinstallation2.7verticalboxcorrectionandacceptance2.8layerhighandthecrossboxmeasurementpositioningandputline2.9crossboxinstallation2.10installation2.11stoneplateinstallation2.12sealedrubberinjection2.13cleanending2.14constructionQianprepared1.DescriptionProjectManagerrequiredforthedurationoftheprojectschedule,technicalinformation,tools,machinery,apparatus,materials,personnel,temporaryfacilitiesready.2.thescopeofpreviousconstruction(1)projectoutline:tounderstandthesiteprofiles,familiarwiththeconstructionandsupervisionofparty16(家庭中的電燈、電視和電冰箱等用電器都是聯(lián)在電路中的，小明家中一周前、后電能表示數(shù)如圖所示，他家這周消耗了kW?h的電能(17(如圖1，普通水壺壺嘴的高度不低于壺身的高度，其設(shè)計(jì)遵循了的原理;如圖2，用吸管能將杯中的飲料吸入口中，是利用了的作用(18(在水平地面上，工人師傅用100N的力沿水平方向推著重為300N的箱子勻速前進(jìn)，5s內(nèi)移動(dòng)了6m，在這個(gè)過程中，地面對(duì)箱子的摩擦力為N，推力做功的功率為W(19(如圖1，電源電壓保持不變，閉合開關(guān)S，變阻器滑片P從a滑到b端的整個(gè)過程中，電流表示數(shù)I與電壓表示數(shù)U的關(guān)系如圖2所示，由圖象可知，R的阻值為Ω;當(dāng)電路中的電流為0.2A時(shí)，R與R消耗的電112功率之比為(四、解答題(共小題，滿分分)63720(有一額定功率為2000W的電熱水器，內(nèi)裝20kg的水，通過后持續(xù)正常3加熱25min，水的溫度從20?升高到50?(已知c=4.2×10J(kg??)，求:水(1)水吸收的熱量;(2)電熱水器的熱效率(21(某興趣小組的同學(xué)們想制作一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)易的臺(tái)燈，所用小燈泡的額定電壓為27V，正常發(fā)光時(shí)燈絲的電阻為90Ω(因身邊只有電壓為36V的電源，為了保證小燈泡能正常發(fā)光，應(yīng)將一個(gè)定值電阻與燈泡串聯(lián)后接在電源上，請(qǐng)你幫他們求出該電阻的阻值(22(在研究并聯(lián)電路的電路規(guī)律時(shí)，某次實(shí)驗(yàn)所用的實(shí)驗(yàn)器材如圖1所示，請(qǐng)根據(jù)要求完成下列任務(wù):thatconstructionsiteclean,consciouslymaintainsanitation.(4)ensurethesafetyofmaterialsandsemi-finishedproducts.8.qualityassessment,datacompilation:buried,belongstotheconcealedworksconstruction,thereforeitsqualityinspectionmustbecarriedoutaccordingtoacceptanceofconcealedwork-related.Mainlyinthefollowingaspects:(1)acceptanceofpositioningisaccurate.(2)isfixedsecurely.(3)tighteningcompliancerequirements.(4)haveanimpactonotherprojects.(5)thematerialusediseligible.(6)completeinformationhasbeencollected.Documentation:shouldfollowconstructionprogressatanytimefinishingselfacceptance,signatureacceptanceaftertherepresentativesofthepartywereinvited.Requirements:(1)covertacceptanceisthetypesetbytheowners'consentbeforetheycanpurchaseandorderundertheprogram,eachstonemustusethesamebackground,thesamepattern,sizeerrorin0.5mmstone.Airinfiltrationproperties,stonecurtainwallwindpressurerainwaterleakageindistortionperformance,performanceandenergy-savingperformanceinfrontoftheconstructionshouldbeinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanofthespecificationandthefilesizeintheappropriateauthorityinspectiondepartmentsqualifiedtesting.Stoneusedsteelkeel,installationjobmainincludingfollowingsteps:2.1constructionQianprepared2.2preburiedpiecesprocessing2.3measurementandthemeasurementresultsfiguredraws2.4verticalboxpositioningputline2.5turnedreceivedpiecesinstallation2.6verticalboxinstallation2.7verticalboxcorrectionandacceptance2.8layerhighandthecrossboxmeasurementpositioningandputline2.9crossboxinstallation2.10installation2.11stoneplateinstallation2.12sealedrubberinjection2.13cleanending2.14constructionQianprepared1.DescriptionProjectManagerrequiredforthedurationoftheprojectschedule,technicalinformation,tools,machinery,apparatus,materials,personnel,temporaryfacilitiesready.2.thescopeofpreviousconstruction(1)projectoutline:tounderstandthesiteprofiles,familiarwiththeconstructionandsupervisionofparty(1)按照?qǐng)D2所示的電路圖，以筆畫線代替導(dǎo)線，完成圖1的電路連接((2)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，電流表A，A的示數(shù)如圖3所示，通過L的電流為121A;若不計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)誤差，請(qǐng)?jiān)趫D4中標(biāo)出電流表A的指針位置(323(某同學(xué)在探究“物體的動(dòng)能跟哪些因素有關(guān)”時(shí)，提出了如下猜想:猜想一:物體動(dòng)能大小與物體的質(zhì)量有關(guān)猜想二:物體動(dòng)能大小與物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度有關(guān)為了驗(yàn)證上述猜想，老師提供了如下器材:斜槽、刻度尺、三個(gè)鋼球(質(zhì)量分別為0.2kg、0.2kg、和0.3kg)、木塊和長(zhǎng)木板(實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置如圖所示，讓鋼球從高為h的斜槽上由靜止?jié)L下，碰到水平面上的木塊后，將木塊撞出一段距離，在同樣的平面上，木塊倍撞得越遠(yuǎn)，說明鋼球的動(dòng)能越大(該同學(xué)利用上述器材和裝置進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)，并在下表中記錄了實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得的數(shù)據(jù)(次數(shù)鋼球質(zhì)量m/kg鋼球下落高度h/cm木塊移動(dòng)距離s/cm10.110820.1251930.3202640.2101550.3102260.31530請(qǐng)你完成下列任務(wù):(1)為了便于驗(yàn)證猜想一，請(qǐng)重新設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)表格，并將上表中的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)全部篩選整理后填入你所設(shè)計(jì)的表中((2)分析重新設(shè)計(jì)的表中數(shù)據(jù)可以得到的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論是(thatconstructionsiteclean,consciouslymaintainsanitation.(4)ensurethesafetyofmaterialsandsemi-finishedproducts.8.qualityassessment,datacompilation:buried,belongstotheconcealedworksconstruction,thereforeitsqualityinspectionmustbecarriedoutaccordingtoacceptanceofconcealedwork-related.Mainlyinthefollowingaspects:(1)acceptanceofpositioningisaccurate.(2)isfixedsecurely.(3)tighteningcompliancerequirements.(4)haveanimpactonotherprojects.(5)thematerialusediseligible.(6)completeinformationhasbeencollected.Documentation:shouldfollowconstructionprogressatanytimefinishingselfacceptance,signatureacceptanceaftertherepresentativesofthepartywereinvited.Requirements:(1)covertacceptanceisthetypesetbytheowners'consentbeforetheycanpurchaseandorderundertheprogram,eachstonemustusethesamebackground,thesamepattern,sizeerrorin0.5mmstone.Airinfiltrationproperties,stonecurtainwallwindpressurerainwaterleakageindistortionperformance,performanceandenergy-savingperformanceinfrontoftheconstructionshouldbeinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanofthespecificationandthefilesizeintheappropriateauthorityinspectiondepartmentsqualifiedtesting.Stoneusedsteelkeel,installationjobmainincludingfollowingsteps:2.1constructionQianprepared2.2preburiedpiecesprocessing2.3measurementandthemeasurementresultsfiguredraws2.4verticalboxpositioningputline2.5turnedreceivedpiecesinstallation2.6verticalboxinstallation2.7verticalboxcorrectionandacceptance2.8layerhighandthecrossboxmeasurementpositioningandputline2.9crossboxinstallation2.10installation2.11stoneplateinstallation2.12sealedrubberinjection2.13cleanending2.14constructionQianprepared1.DescriptionProjectManagerrequiredforthedurationoftheprojectschedule,technicalinformation,tools,machinery,apparatus,materials,personnel,temporaryfacilitiesready.2.thescopeofpreviousconstruction(1)projectoutline:tounderstandthesiteprofiles,familiarwiththeconstructionandsupervisionofparty24(小紅想測(cè)量一小金屬塊的密度，她在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里找到了一架天平，但沒有砝碼，除此之外還有如下器材:兩個(gè)質(zhì)量相近的燒杯、量筒、細(xì)線、滴管和足量的水(已知水的密度為ρ)(請(qǐng)利用上述器材幫她設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)方案，水比較精確地測(cè)量金屬塊的密度(要求:(1)寫出主要實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟及所需測(cè)量的物理量;(2)寫出金屬塊密度的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式(用已知量和測(cè)量量表示)(25(現(xiàn)有一質(zhì)地均勻密度為ρ0的實(shí)心圓柱體，底面積為S、高為h，將其00中間挖去底面積為的小圓柱體，使其成為空心管，如圖1所示(先用硬塑料片將空心管底端管口密封(硬塑料片的體積和質(zhì)量均不計(jì))，再將其底端向下豎直放在底面積為S的柱形平底容器底部，如圖2所示(然后沿容器內(nèi)壁緩慢注入密度為ρ的液體，在注入液體的過程中空心管始終保持豎直狀態(tài)((1)當(dāng)注入一定量的液體時(shí)，空心管對(duì)容器底的壓力剛好為零，且空心管尚有部分露在液面外，求此時(shí)容器中液體的深度((2)去掉塑料片后，空心管仍豎直立在容器底部，管外液體可以進(jìn)入管內(nèi)，繼續(xù)向容器中注入該液體(若使空心管對(duì)容器底的壓力最小，注入液體的總質(zhì)量最小是多少,thatconstructionsiteclean,consciouslymaintainsanitation.(4)ensurethesafetyofmaterialsandsemi-finishedproducts.8.qualityassessment,datacompilation:buried,belongstotheconcealedworksconstruction,thereforeitsqualityinspectionmustbecarriedoutaccordingtoacceptanceofconcealedwork-related.Mainlyinthefollowingaspects:(1)acceptanceofpositioningisaccurate.(2)isfixedsecurely.(3)tighteningcompliancerequirements.(4)haveanimpactonotherprojects.(5)thematerialusediseligible.(6)completeinformationhasbeencollected.Documentation:shouldfollowconstructionprogressatanytimefinishingselfacceptance,signatureacceptanceaftertherepresentativesofthepartywereinvited.Requirements:(1)covertacceptanceisthetypesetbytheowners'consentbeforetheycanpurchaseandorderundertheprogram,eachstonemustusethesamebackground,thesamepattern,sizeerrorin0.5mmstone.Airinfiltrationproperties,stonecurtainwallwindpressurerainwaterleakageindistortionperformance,performanceandenergy-savingperformanceinfrontoftheconstructionshouldbeinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanofthespecificationandthefilesizeintheappropriateauthorityinspectiondepartmentsqualifiedtesting.Stoneusedsteelkeel,installationjobmainincludingfollowingsteps:2.1constructionQianprepared2.2preburiedpiecesprocessing2.3measurementandthemeasurementresultsfiguredraws2.4verticalboxpositioningputline2.5turnedreceivedpiecesinstallation2.6verticalboxinstallation2.7verticalboxcorrectionandacceptance2.8layerhighandthecrossboxmeasurementpositioningandputline2.9crossboxinstallation2.10installation2.11stoneplateinstallation2.12sealedrubberinjection2.13cleanending2.14constructionQianprepared1.DescriptionProjectManagerrequiredforthedurationoftheprojectschedule,technicalinformation,tools,machinery,apparatus,materials,personnel,temporaryfacilitiesready.2.thescopeofpreviousconstruction(1)projectoutline:tounderstandthesiteprofiles,familiarwiththeconstructionandsupervisionofparty2016年天津市中考物理試卷參考答案與試題解析一、選擇題(共小題，每小題分，滿分分)103301(鼓在受到擊打時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)聲，用不同力量擊打，發(fā)生變化的主要是聲音的()A(音調(diào)B(響度C(音色D(頻率【考點(diǎn)】響度與振幅的關(guān)系(【分析】從聲音的三個(gè)特征分析(響度跟振幅有關(guān)，振幅越大，響度越大(音調(diào)跟頻率有關(guān)，頻率越大，音調(diào)越高(音色跟材料和結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)，材料和結(jié)構(gòu)不變時(shí)，音色不變(【解答】解:輕敲鼓振動(dòng)幅度小，響度小;重敲鼓振動(dòng)幅度大，響度大，故兩次敲擊聲音相比發(fā)生的主要變化是響度(故選B(2(將一根金屬導(dǎo)線均勻拉長(zhǎng)后，其電阻()A(變大B(變小C(不變D(無法判斷【考點(diǎn)】影響電阻大小的因素(【分析】導(dǎo)體電阻大小跟導(dǎo)體的長(zhǎng)度、橫截面積和材料有關(guān)，在材料一定時(shí)，長(zhǎng)度越長(zhǎng)，橫截面積越小，電阻越大(【解答】解:一根導(dǎo)線拉長(zhǎng)后，導(dǎo)體的材料不變，拉長(zhǎng)后長(zhǎng)度變長(zhǎng)，橫斷面積變小，電阻變大(故選A(3(如圖是某物質(zhì)熔化時(shí)溫度隨時(shí)間變化的圖象，根據(jù)圖象中的信息，判斷下列說法正確的是()A(該物質(zhì)為非晶體B(該物質(zhì)的熔點(diǎn)是80?C(在第5min時(shí)物質(zhì)已全部熔化D(第10min時(shí)物質(zhì)處于液態(tài)【考點(diǎn)】熔化和凝固的溫度—時(shí)間圖象(【分析】(1)從圖象中辨別晶體與非晶體主要看這種物質(zhì)是否有一定的熔點(diǎn)，即有一段時(shí)間這種物質(zhì)吸熱，但溫度不升高，而此時(shí)就是這種物質(zhì)熔化的過程，晶體在熔化時(shí)的溫度是熔點(diǎn)((2)晶體在熔化過程或凝固過程中處于固液共存態(tài)(熔化完畢處于液態(tài)(【解答】解:(1)從圖象可以看出，此物質(zhì)在熔化過程中保持80?不變，所以此物質(zhì)是晶體，且熔點(diǎn)為80?，故A錯(cuò)誤，B正確;(2)根據(jù)圖象可知，該物質(zhì)從5min是開始熔化，到15min時(shí)熔化結(jié)束，整個(gè)熔化過程用了15min,5min=10min(第10min時(shí)物質(zhì)處于固液共存態(tài)，故CD錯(cuò)誤;thatconstructionsiteclean,consciouslymaintainsanitation.(4)ensurethesafetyofmaterialsandsemi-finishedproducts.8.qualityassessment,datacompilation:buried,belongstotheconcealedworksconstruction,thereforeitsqualityinspectionmustbecarriedoutaccordingtoacceptanceofconcealedwork-related.Mainlyinthefollowingaspects:(1)acceptanceofpositioningisaccurate.(2)isfixedsecurely.(3)tighteningcompliancerequirements.(4)haveanimpactonotherprojects.(5)thematerialusediseligible.(6)completeinformationhasbeencollected.Documentation:shouldfollowconstructionprogressatanytimefinishingselfacceptance,signatureacceptanceaftertherepresentativesofthepartywereinvited.Requirements:(1)covertacceptanceisthetypesetbytheowners'consentbeforetheycanpurchaseandorderundertheprogram,eachstonemustusethesamebackground,thesamepattern,sizeerrorin0.5mmstone.Airinfiltrationproperties,stonecurtainwallwindpressurerainwaterleakageindistortionperformance,performanceandenergy-savingperformanceinfrontoftheconstructionshouldbeinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanofthespecificationandthefilesizeintheappropriateauthorityinspectiondepartmentsqualifiedtesting.Stoneusedsteelkeel,installationjobmainincludingfollowingsteps:2.1constructionQianprepared2.2preburiedpiecesprocessing2.3measurementandthemeasurementresultsfiguredraws2.4verticalboxpositioningputline2.5turnedreceivedpiecesinstallation2.6verticalboxinstallation2.7verticalboxcorrectionandacceptance2.8layerhighandthecrossboxmeasurementpositioningandputline2.9crossboxinstallation2.10installation2.11stoneplateinstallation2.12sealedrubberinjection2.13cleanending2.14constructionQianprepared1.DescriptionProjectManagerrequiredforthedurationoftheprojectschedule,technicalinformation,tools,machinery,apparatus,materials,personnel,temporaryfacilitiesready.2.thescopeofpreviousconstruction(1)projectoutline:tounderstandthesiteprofiles,familiarwiththeconstructionandsupervisionofparty故選B(4(下列做法中不符合安全用電原則的是()A(不接觸低壓帶電體，不靠近高壓帶電體B(更換燈泡、搬動(dòng)電器前先斷開電源開關(guān)C(用濕毛巾擦洗正在發(fā)光的臺(tái)燈燈泡，保持其清潔D(長(zhǎng)期使用的家用電器達(dá)到使用壽命后及時(shí)更換【考點(diǎn)】安全用電原則(【分析】?安全用電原則:不接觸低壓帶電體，不靠近高壓帶電體;?當(dāng)人體直接或間接接觸火線并形成電流通路的時(shí)候，就會(huì)有電流流過人體，從而造成觸電;?濕物體是導(dǎo)體，接觸帶電體容易發(fā)生觸電;?保險(xiǎn)裝置、插座、導(dǎo)線、家用電器等老化后要及時(shí)更換，防止發(fā)生觸電事故(【解答】解:A、不接觸低壓帶電體，不靠近高壓帶電體(是安全用電的基本原則(符合安全用電原則;B、更換燈泡、搬動(dòng)電器之前必須斷開開關(guān)，否則可能引起觸電(符合安全用電原則;C、水是電的導(dǎo)體，用濕毛巾擦洗正在發(fā)光的臺(tái)燈燈泡時(shí)，可能會(huì)因濕毛巾導(dǎo)電而發(fā)生觸電事故(不符合安全用電原則;D、家用電器達(dá)到使用壽命應(yīng)及時(shí)更換，避免因線路老化造成短路(符合安全用電原則(故選C(5(圖中的a表示垂直于紙面的一根導(dǎo)線，它是閉合電路的一部分，當(dāng)它在磁場(chǎng)中按箭頭方向運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，不能產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流的情況是()A(B(C(D(【考點(diǎn)】產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流的條件(【分析】能否產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流，就要看圖示的情景能否滿足?閉合電路;?導(dǎo)體切割磁感線運(yùn)動(dòng)這兩個(gè)條件(【解答】解:A、由圖知導(dǎo)體是閉合電路中的導(dǎo)體，導(dǎo)體斜著做切割磁感線運(yùn)動(dòng)，所以會(huì)產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流(故A正確(B、由題意知導(dǎo)體是閉合電路中的導(dǎo)體，導(dǎo)體做切割磁感線運(yùn)動(dòng)，所以會(huì)產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流(故B正確(C、由題意知導(dǎo)體是閉合電路中的導(dǎo)體，并且導(dǎo)體做切割磁感線運(yùn)動(dòng)，所以會(huì)產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流(故C正確(D、由題意知導(dǎo)體是閉合電路中的導(dǎo)體，且導(dǎo)體的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向與磁感線平行，即沒有做切割磁感線運(yùn)動(dòng)，所以不會(huì)產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流(故D錯(cuò)誤(故選D(6(對(duì)于我們教室里一張單人課桌的下列估測(cè)，最接近實(shí)際值的是()thatconstructionsiteclean,consciouslymaintainsanitation.(4)ensurethesafetyofmaterialsandsemi-finishedproducts.8.qualityassessment,datacompilation:buried,belongstotheconcealedworksconstruction,thereforeitsqualityinspectionmustbecarriedoutaccordingtoacceptanceofconcealedwork-related.Mainlyinthefollowingaspects:(1)acceptanceofpositioningisaccurate.(2)isfixedsecurely.(3)tighteningcompliancerequirements.(4)haveanimpactonotherprojects.(5)thematerialusediseligible.(6)completeinformationhasbeencollected.Documentation:shouldfollowconstructionprogressatanytimefinishingselfacceptance,signatureacceptanceaftertherepresentativesofthepartywereinvited.Requirements:(1)covertacceptanceisthetypesetbytheowners'consentbeforetheycanpurchaseandorderundertheprogram,eachstonemustusethesamebackground,thesamepattern,sizeerrorin0.5mmstone.Airinfiltrationproperties,stonecurtainwallwindpressurerainwaterleakageindistortionperformance,performanceandenergy-savingperformanceinfrontoftheconstructionshouldbeinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanofthespecificationandthefilesizeintheappropriateauthorityinspectiondepartmentsqualifiedtesting.Stoneusedsteelkeel,installationjobmainincludingfollowingsteps:2.1constructionQianprepared2.2preburiedpiecesprocessing2.3measurementandthemeasurementresultsfiguredraws2.4verticalboxpositioningputline2.5turnedreceivedpiecesinstallation2.6verticalboxinstallation2.7verticalboxcorrectionandacceptance2.8layerhighandthecrossboxmeasurementpositioningandputline2.9crossboxinstallation2.10installation2.11stoneplateinstallation2.12sealedrubberinjection2.13cleanending2.14constructionQianprepared1.DescriptionProjectManagerrequiredforthedurationoftheprojectschedule,technicalinformation,tools,machinery,apparatus,materials,personnel,temporaryfacilitiesready.2.thescopeofpreviousconstruction(1)projectoutline:tounderstandthesiteprofiles,familiarwiththeconstructionandsupervisionofpartyA(課桌高度約為0.8mB(課桌質(zhì)量約為50kg23C(桌面面積約為4mD(書箱容積約為0.8m【考點(diǎn)】長(zhǎng)度的估測(cè);質(zhì)量的估測(cè)(【分析】首先要對(duì)選項(xiàng)中涉及的幾種物理量有個(gè)初步的了解，排除與生活實(shí)際相差較遠(yuǎn)的選項(xiàng)，找出符合生活實(shí)際的答案(【解答】解:A、中學(xué)生課桌高度小于1m;與0.8m接近;故A正確;B、課桌質(zhì)量約為5kg;與50kg相差較大;故B錯(cuò)誤;22C、桌面面積約為1m;與4m相差較大;故C錯(cuò)誤;33D、書箱容積約為0.2m;與0.8m相差較大;故D錯(cuò)誤;故選A(7(下列幾組生活現(xiàn)象與其所蘊(yùn)含的物理知識(shí)，對(duì)應(yīng)完全正確的是()A(現(xiàn)象知識(shí)橡皮筋受拉力發(fā)生了形變力的作用是相互的人穿旱冰鞋推墻時(shí)會(huì)后退B(現(xiàn)象知識(shí)用力捏車閘可使自行車停下減小摩擦鞋底上刻有凹凸不平的花紋C(現(xiàn)象知識(shí)拍打窗簾能清除表面浮灰利用慣性助跑能使運(yùn)動(dòng)員跳得更遠(yuǎn)D(現(xiàn)象知識(shí)利用鉛垂線判斷墻壁是否豎直重力方向豎直向下關(guān)閉發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的汽車慢慢停下來【考點(diǎn)】力作用的相互性;慣性;重力的方向;增大或減小摩擦的方法(【分析】?力的作用效果有二:改變物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)，改變物體的形狀;?影響摩擦力的因素是壓力和接觸面的粗糙程度;?一切物體都具有保持原來運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)不變的性質(zhì)，叫慣性;?重力的方向是豎直向下的(【解答】解:A、橡皮筋在拉力的作用下形狀發(fā)生改變，說明力可以改變物體的形狀(此選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;B、用力捏閘自行車能盡快停下，是利用增大壓力的方法增大摩擦;鞋底上刻有凹凸不平的花紋，是利用增大粗糙程度的方法增大摩擦(此選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C、拍打窗簾能清除上面的灰塵;助跑能使運(yùn)動(dòng)員跳的更遠(yuǎn)(都是利用了物體的慣性(此選項(xiàng)正確;D、重力的方向是豎直向下的，可以利用鉛垂線判斷墻壁是否豎直;關(guān)閉發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的汽車慢慢停下來，是因?yàn)槭艿降孛娴哪Σ亮?此選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤(故選C(thatconstructionsiteclean,consciouslymaintainsanitation.(4)ensurethesafetyofmaterialsandsemi-finishedproducts.8.qualityassessment,datacompilation:buried,belongstotheconcealedworksconstruction,thereforeitsqualityinspectionmustbecarriedoutaccordingtoacceptanceofconcealedwork-related.Mainlyinthefollowingaspects:(1)acceptanceofpositioningisaccurate.(2)isfixedsecurely.(3)tighteningcompliancerequirements.(4)haveanimpactonotherprojects.(5)thematerialusediseligible.(6)completeinformationhasbeencollected.Documentation:shouldfollowconstructionprogressatanytimefinishingselfacceptance,signatureacceptanceaftertherepresentativesofthepartywereinvited.Requirements:(1)covertacceptanceisthetypesetbytheowners'consentbeforetheycanpurchaseandorderundertheprogram,eachstonemustusethesamebackground,thesamepattern,sizeerrorin0.5mmstone.Airinfiltrationproperties,stonecurtainwallwindpressurerainwaterleakageindistortionperformance,performanceandenergy-savingperformanceinfrontoftheconstructionshouldbeinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanofthespecificationandthefilesizeintheappropriateauthorityinspectiondepartmentsqualifiedtesting.Stoneusedsteelkeel,installationjobmainincludingfollowingsteps:2.1constructionQianprepared2.2preburiedpiecesprocessing2.3measurementandthemeasurementresultsfiguredraws2.4verticalboxpositioningputline2.5turnedreceivedpiecesinstallation2.6verticalboxinstallation2.7verticalboxcorrectionandacceptance2.8layerhighandthecrossboxmeasurementpositioningandputline2.9crossboxinstallation2.10installation2.11stoneplateinstallation2.12sealedrubberinjection2.13cleanending2.14constructionQianprepared1.DescriptionProjectManagerrequiredforthedurationoftheprojectschedule,technicalinformation,tools,machinery,apparatus,materials,personnel,temporaryfacilitiesready.2.thescopeofpreviousconstruction(1)projectoutline:tounderstandthesiteprofiles,familiarwiththeconstructionandsupervisionofparty8(小明想利用一塊平面鏡使射向井口的太陽光豎直射入井中，如圖所示，圖中的數(shù)字符號(hào)表示的是確定平面鏡位置時(shí)作圖的先后次序，其中作圖過程正確的是()A(B(C(D(【考點(diǎn)】作光的反射光路圖(【分析】先過入射點(diǎn)作出反射光線，然后作入射光線和反射光線的角平分線，即法線，根據(jù)法線和鏡面之間的關(guān)系確定平面鏡的位置(【解答】解:根據(jù)題意可知，使用平面鏡是為了讓太陽光豎直射入井中，即反射光線是豎直向下的;所以，作圖過程中的第一個(gè)步驟應(yīng)該是過入射點(diǎn)作豎直向下的反射光線;因?yàn)榉瓷浣堑扔谌肷浣牵ň€正好是入射光線和反射光線夾角的平分線，所以第二步作出入射光線和反射光線夾角的平分線即為法線;由于法線垂直于鏡面，所以第三步作出法線的垂線即為平面鏡的位置，如下圖所示:故選B(9(如圖所示，在處于水平平衡的杠桿上A點(diǎn)，掛上4個(gè)鉤碼(每個(gè)鉤碼的質(zhì)量為50g)，若使杠桿在水平位置保持平衡，作用在杠桿B點(diǎn)的力量最小為(g取10N/kg)()A(15NB(6NC(3ND(1.5N【考點(diǎn)】杠桿中最小力的問題(thatconstructionsiteclean,consciouslymaintainsanitation.(4)ensurethesafetyofmaterialsandsemi-finishedproducts.8.qualityassessment,datacompilation:buried,belongstotheconcealedworksconstruction,thereforeitsqualityinspectionmustbecarriedoutaccordingtoacceptanceofconcealedwork-related.Mainlyinthefollowingaspects:(1)acceptanceofpositioningisaccurate.(2)isfixedsecurely.(3)tighteningcompliancerequirements.(4)haveanimpactonotherprojects.(5)thematerialusediseligible.(6)completeinformationhasbeencollected.Documentation:shouldfollowconstructionprogressatanytimefinishingselfacceptance,signatureacceptanceaftertherepresentativesofthepartywereinvited.Requirements:(1)covertacceptanceisthetypesetbytheowners'consentbeforetheycanpurchaseandorderundertheprogram,eachstonemustusethesamebackground,thesamepattern,sizeerrorin0.5mmstone.Airinfiltrationproperties,stonecurtainwallwindpressurerainwaterleakageindistortionperformance,performanceandenergy-savingperforman