2024屆北京市石景山區(qū)高三年級下冊一模英語試卷（解析版）

2024屆北京市石景山區(qū)高三下學期一模

英語試卷

學校:姓名：班級：考號：

一、完形填空

Myparentsranasmalleatery,andmyfirstrealjobwasshiningdiners9shoes.My__1

increasedasIgrewolder.AttheageoftwelveIworkedasa2.DadtoldmethatIwas

thebest“mop（拖把）guy"he'deverhad.

WorkingintherestaurantwasasourceofgreatpridebecauseIwas3tothewhole

family.ButmyfathermadeitclearthatIhadtomeetcertain4tobepartoftheteam.

Thafstosay,Ihadtobe5hard-workingandpolitetothecustomers.

Exceptfortheshoeshinejob,Iwasnever6foranyworkIdid.OnedayItoldDad

heshouldgiveme$10aweek.Hesaid,“Okay,thenhowaboutyoupayingmeforyourthree

mealsaday?”Thistaughtmethatwhenyou7you'dbetterknowtheotherside's

argumentsaswellasyourown.

Afterbeingawayinthearmyforabouttwoyears,Icamebackhome.Ihadjustbeen

promotedtocaptainandwasfullof8asIwalkedintomyparents9eatery.Thefirst

thingDadsaidwas,"Welcome,mymopguy!OK,ifsthecleaner5sdayoff.Buthowabout

youcleaningup9?”

"Ican'tbelievethis!^^Ithought."I'manofficerinthearmy!^^Butitdidn'tmatter.Asfar

asDadwasconcerned,Iwasjustanothermemberofthe10involvedinafamily

eatery.Earlythenextmorning,Ireachedforthemop.

1.A.dutiesB.scoresC.wagesD.ideas

2.A.waiterB.cookC.cleanerD.manager

3.A.attendingB.applyingC.reactingD.contributing

4.A.standardsB.challengersC.achievementsD.customers

5.A.insistentB.confidentC.courageousD.responsible

6.A.arrangedB.praisedC.paidD.suspected

7.A.succeedB.negotiateC.operateD.promise

8.A.dignityB.respectC.curiosityD.gratitude

9.A.frequentlyB.laterC.insteadD.immediately

10.A.armyB.classC.teamD.party

【答案】

1.A2.C3.D4.A5.D6.C7.B8.A9.B10.C

【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者從小在父母經(jīng)營的小餐館里工作，從擦鞋到

拖地，雖然從未得到報酬，但學到了很多寶貴的經(jīng)驗。在軍隊服役兩年后，作者回家時

仍被父親視為餐館的一員，需要參與清潔工作。文章體現(xiàn)了家庭餐館中團隊精神和勞動

價值的重要性。

1.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著年齡的增長，我的責任也越來越重。A.duties責任；

B.scores得分；C.wages薪水；D.ideas想法。根據(jù)上文“myfirstrealjobwas...”和下文“as

Igrewolder”可推知，隨著年齡的增長，作者要做的工作也越來越多，責任也越來越重。

故選A項。

2.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：十二歲時，我當上了清潔工。A.waiter侍者；B.cook廚

師;C.cleaner清潔工;D.manager經(jīng)理。根據(jù)下文“Iwasthebest"mop（拖把）guy'"'可知，

作者成了餐館里的清潔工。故選C項。

3.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在餐廳工作是一件非常自豪的事情，因為我為整個家庭

做出了貢獻。A.attending參加;B.applying申請；C.reacting反應；D.contributing貢獻。

根據(jù)上文“Workingintherestaurantwasasourceofgreatpride”可推知，自豪是源于自己對

家庭做出了貢獻。故選D項。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我父親說得很清楚，我必須達到一定的標準才能成為

團隊的一員。A.standards標準;B.challengers挑戰(zhàn)者;C.achievements成就;D.customers

顧客。根據(jù)下文"That'stosay,Ihadtobe_5_,hard-workingandpolitetothecustomers."的

解釋可知，父親為成為團隊的一員提出了一定的標準。故選A項。

5.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：也就是說，我必須負責，勤奮，對顧客有禮貌。A.insistent

堅持的；B.confident自信的；C.courageous勇敢的；D.responsible負責任的。結合常

識和上文“tobepartoftheteam”可推知，要成為團隊的一員當然要具有責任感。故選D

項。

6.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：除了擦鞋的工作，我做的任何工作都沒有支付報酬。A.

arranged安排；B.praised稱贊；C.paid支付；D.suspected懷疑。根據(jù)下文“OnedayItold

Dadheshouldgiveme$10aweek.”可知，作者的其它工作沒有支付報酬，所以才會和父

親談判，要求加薪。故選C項。

試卷第2頁，共19頁

7.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這件事教會了我，當你談判時，你最好了解對方的觀點

和你自己的觀點。A.succeed成功；B.negotiate談判；C.operate操作；D.promise承諾。

根據(jù)上文“OnedayItoldDadheshouldgiveme$10aweek.Hesaid,“Okay,thenhow

aboutyoupayingmeforyourthreemealsaday?”"可知，這是作者和父親之間的談判，是

這次談判讓作者明白了一個道理。故選B項。

8.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我剛剛被提升為隊長，走進父母的餐館時，我充滿了自

豪。A.dignity自豪；B.respect尊重；C.curiosity好奇心；D.gratitude感激之情。根據(jù)

上文“Ihadjustbeenpromotedtocaptain”可推知，剛升為隊長的作者覺得自己榮歸故里，

感到自豪和驕傲。故選A項。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但你晚點再打掃怎么樣？A.frequently頻繁地；B.later

后來；C.instead代替；D.immediately立即。根據(jù)上文“it，sthecleaner'sdayoff.”和最后

一段中“Earlythenextmorning,Ireachedforthemop.”可知,父親給作者放一天假，但要

求他以后再打掃。故選B項。

10.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在爸爸看來，我只是家庭餐館團隊里的一員。A.army

軍隊;B.class班級;C.team團隊;D.party聚會。根據(jù)第二段中“Butmyfathermadeitclear

thatIhadtomeetcertain4tobepartoftheteam."和上文"Iwasjustanothermember

可知，作者成為了家庭餐館團隊里的一員。故選C項。

二、語法填空

閱讀短文，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Inmyoldschooldays,running11(consider)boringandpainfulforme.WhenI

startedtowork,Irealisedexerciseshouldbepartofmylifestyle.Later,runningbecamemy

career.Overtheyears,I12(coach)manyrunningteams.Needlesstosay,runninghas

itsbenefits.Itisbelieved13runningcandecreasetheriskofdeath.Soareyou

currentlynotdoingit?Iencourageyoutostartnow.

【答案】11.wasconsidered12.havecoached13.that

【導語】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了跑步成了作者的職業(yè)，鼓勵人們跑步。

11.考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：在我上學校的時代，跑步對我來說是無聊和痛苦的。根據(jù)力n

myoldschooldays”可知，本句為一般過去時，主語running與謂語consider為被動

關系，用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故填wasconsidered。

12.考查時態(tài)。句意：這些年來，我執(zhí)教過許多跑步隊。根據(jù)“Overtheyears”可知，本

句為現(xiàn)在完成時。故填havecoachedo

13.考查連接詞。句意：人們認為跑步可以降低死亡風險。Itisbelievedthat"人們認

為……"that引導主語從句，it作形式主語。故填that。

閱讀短文，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

AlthoughStartofAutumn,the13thtraditionalChinesesolarterm,oftenindicatesthe

14(begin)ofautumn,heatwaveswillnotcometoanend.Theperiodofhigh

temperatures,15(call)“AutumnTiger”,usuallylastsforabout30days.Becauseof

decreasingprecipitation(降水)，itisevenhotterduringthisperiodthanMajorHeat.Asthe

sayinggoes,C4Ifitrains16thedayofStartofAutumn,agoodharvestisexpected.^^

【答案】14.beginning15.called16.on

【導語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了立秋的相關信息。

14.考查名詞。句意：雖然立秋是中國傳統(tǒng)的第13個節(jié)氣，通常預示著秋天的開始，

但熱浪不會結束。名詞beginning作賓語。thebeginningof.……的開始，故填beginning。

15.考查非謂語。句意：高溫期被稱為“秋老虎”，通常持續(xù)30天左右。分析句子可知，

空處為非謂語動詞，Theperiodofhightemperatures與call為被動關系，用過去分詞，作

后置定語，故填called。

16.考查介詞。句意：俗話說：“立秋下雨萬物收工具體指某一天，介詞用on。故填

on。

閱讀短文，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

AreyoustilldiscussingandgettingyourheadroundChatGPT,17potentialwill

disturbeverythingfrommarketingtoeducation?Well,Soraisabout18(blow)those

debateswideopen.OpenAFsSora,atext-to-videoAImodelcapableofgenerating19

(remarkable)realisticandimaginativescenesfromtextinstructions,justenteredthechat

room.Aworldwhererealitybendstothewillofwordshasarrived,20(shape)anew

eranotjustfortechnologybutforhumanityitself.

【答案】17.whose18.toblow19.remarkably20.shaping

【導語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了人工智能OpenAFsSora。

試卷第4頁，共19頁

17.考查定語從句。句意：你是否還在討論和理解ChatGPT,它的潛力將會擾亂從市場

營銷到教育的一切？先行詞為ChatGPT,作定語從句的定語，關系代詞為whose。故填

whoseo

18.考查不定式。句意：好吧，Sora即將把這些爭論徹底公開。beabouttodosth"即將

做某事”。故填toblowo

19.考查副詞。句意:OpenAI的Sora是一種文本到視頻的人工智能模型，能夠根據(jù)文

本指令生成非常逼真和富有想象力的場景，剛剛進入聊天室。副詞remarkably修飾形容

詞作狀語。故填remarkably。

20.考查非謂語。句意：一個現(xiàn)實屈從于文字意志的世界已經(jīng)到來，不僅為技術，也為

人類本身塑造了一個新時代。空處為非謂，表示一種自然而然的結果，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結

果狀語。故填shapingo

三、閱讀理解

Weneedpeoplelikeyou,whounderstandthepowerofscience,tofundtheresearchthat

willchangelivesinthefuture.

BydonatingtotheMedicalResearchFoundation(MRF),you'llbefundingtheresearch

thatfuturegenerationswilldependon.MRFisanindependentcharity,focusedsolelyon

fundingqualitymedicalresearch.WithcloselinkstotheMedicalResearchCouncil(MRC),

we'reabletochoosethemostimpactfulstudiesandadaptquicklytomeetanyemerging

healthcrisis,thankstothesupportofpeoplelikeyou.

Yourgiftcansupportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds.Manyofthesescientistsare

atthebeginningoftheircareers,whenfundingishardesttosecure.Yoursupportatthis

criticaltimecanprovidethespringboardthatascientistneedstodrivetheirresearchand

careerforward,ensuringtheycancontinuetomakelife-changingdiscoveries.

MRFhassupportedresearcherstacklingpressingchallengesliketheBirdFlu,aswellas

vitalareasofresearchthatareoftenoverlookedbyotherfunders,ensuringwefillthegapsin

ourmedicalknowledgeandprotectthefutureofhumanhealth.

Assomeoneinterestedinscience,youwillunderstandthatwhilenoonecanpredict

whatwewillfacenext,wecanbecertainthatitisonlythroughambitious,high-quality

medicalresearchthatwewillmeetwhatevernewchallengescomeourway.Byleavinga

donation,youcanhavealastingimpactonscienceandonthefutureofhumanhealth.

Contact&Support:

@MedResFdn

?flMedResFdn

8MedicalResearchFoundation

21.WhatdoestheMRFmainlydo?

A.ProvideservicefortheMRC.B.Predictemerginghealthcrisis.

C.Fundqualitymedicalresearch.D.Donatetopeopleinterestedinscience.

22.Byleavingadonation,youcan.

A.fillthegapsinmedicalknowledge

B.tacklethefuturepressingchallenges

C.choosethemostimpactfulmedicalstudies

D.supportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds

23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toraisemedicalresearchfunds.

B.Tointroducetheimpactbydonation.

C.Toanalysethehealthcrisisinthefuture.

D.Toemploypeopledevotedtomedicalresearch.

【答案】21.C22.D23.A

【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章是為了醫(yī)學研究基金會（MRF）募集醫(yī)學研究資金做的

廣告宣傳。

21.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句"MRFisanindependentcharity,focusedsolelyon

fundingqualitymedicalresearch.（MRF是一個獨立的慈善機構，專注于資助高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)

學研究。）”可知，MRF專注于資助高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)學研究。故選C。

22.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句"Yourgiftcansupportsomeofthebrightestscientific

minds.（你的饋贈可以支持一些最聰明的科學家。廠可知，你的捐贈可以支持一些最聰明

的科學家。故選D。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Weneedpeoplelikeyou,whounderstandthepowerofscience,

tofundtheresearchthatwillchangelivesinthefuture.（我們需要像你這樣的人，了解科學

的力量，為改變未來生活的研究提供資金。）”可知，這篇文章的目的是募集醫(yī)學研究資

金。故選A。

Eleveno9clockatnightsawalargewomanwithalargepursewalkingalone,whenaboy

試卷第6頁，共19頁

ranupbehindandtriedtosnatch（搶奪）herpurse.Buttheboylosthisbalanceandfellonhis

back.Thewomanpickedhimupfirmlybyhisshirtfront.

“Aren'tyouashamedofyourself?^^shoutedthewoman.Twoorthreepeoplepassed,

stopped,andstoodwatching.

'Tmverysorry,lady.Tmsorry,9,whisperedtheskinnylittleboy,inbrokentennisshoes.

“Um-hum!Andyourfaceisdirty,“saidthelargewomandraggingthefrightenedboy.

“Sinceyouputyourselfincontactwithme,youaregoingtorememberMrs.LuellaJones.^^

Hebegantostruggle,butMrs.Jonescontinuedtodraghimupthestreet.Whenshegot

toherdoor,shedraggedtheboyinside."What'syourname?^^thewomanasked.

“Roger,“answeredtheboyinalowvoice.ctThen,Roger,yougotothatsinkandwash

yourface,^^orderedthewomanandfinallyletgoofhim.

“Yougonnatakemetojail（監(jiān)獄）?”askedRoger,bendingoverthesink.

“Notwiththatface,^^saidMrs.Jones."Ibelieveyouwerehungrytosnatchmypurse.”

“Iwantedapairofblueshoes,“repliedtheboy.

Therewasalongpause.Afterhehaddriedhisface,theboyturnedaround.Thedoor

wasopen.Hecouldrun!

Afterawhilethewomansaid,“IwasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.I

havedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,son.^^Therewasanotherlong

pause.Theboy'smouthopened.

ThenMrs.Joneswenttodothecooking.Shedidnotwatchtheboytoseeifhewas

goingtorun,nordidshewatchherpurseleftbehindher.Shedidnotaskhimanythingabout

wherehelived,orhisfolks.Instead,astheyate,shetoldhimalotaboutherjobinahotel

shopandhowallkindsofpeoplecameinandout.Shecuthimanotherpieceofhercake.

Whentheyfinishedeating,shegotupandsaid,“Now,here,takethistendollarsandbuy

yourselfsomeblueshoes.Donotmakethemistake,becauseshoescomebydevilishways

likethatwillburnyourfeet.^^

Sheledhimtothefrontdoor."Goodnight!Behaveyourself,son!^^shesaid,lookingout

intothestreet.

24.HowdidRogerfeelwhenMrs.Jonesmentionedherpast?

A.Frightened.B.Surprised.C.Settled.D.Ashamed.

25.WhydidMrs.JonescallRogerson?

A.Sheintendedtogoeasyonhim.

B.Heremindedherofherownson.

C.Heputhimselftobeincontactwithher.

D.Shelackedanexcusetoteachhimalesson.

26.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMrs.Jones?

A.Kindandgenerous.B.Ableandambitious.

C.Frankandcooperative.D.Calmandcourageous.

27.Whatcanbemainlyconcludedfromthispassage?

A.Homeiswheretheheartis.

B.Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.

C.Abestparentistoleadbyexample.

D.Agooddeedshinesthelightintothedark.

【答案】24.B25.A26.A27.D

【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個深夜，一個胖女人遭遇小偷搶包，最后她

并未報警，反而帶小偷回家，給他洗凈臉，還給了他十美元買鞋。在交流過程中，女人

講述了自己年輕時的經(jīng)歷，教育小偷不要走上錯誤的道路。最后，她將小偷送出門口，

告誡他要好好做人。文章通過這個故事傳遞了關愛和教育的力量。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中“Afterawhilethewomansaid,“Iwasyoungonceand

IwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,

son.^^Therewasanotherlongpause.Theboy'smouthopened.（過了一會兒，女人說：“我曾

經(jīng)年輕過，想要得不到的東西。我也做過一些我不會告訴別人的事，孩子?！庇质且魂?/p>

長時間的沉默。男孩張大嘴）”可知，男孩聽了瓊斯太太的話后張大了嘴。由此推知，他

對此感到驚訝。故選B項。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段中“"Yougonnatakemetojail（監(jiān)獄）?”askedRoger,bending

overthesink.（“你要把我送進監(jiān)獄嗎？”羅杰俯身趴在水池邊問）”可知，羅杰被抓后感到

非常害怕，怕瓊斯太太把他送進監(jiān)獄，結合倒數(shù)第四段中“Afterawhilethewomansaid,"I

wasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingstoo,whichIwould

nottellanybodyelse,son,^^Therewasanotherlongpause.（過了一會兒，女人說：“我曾經(jīng)年

輕過，想要得不到的東西。我也做過一些我不會告訴別人的事，孩子?！庇质且魂囬L時

間的沉默）”可知，瓊斯太太并沒有打算把羅杰送進監(jiān)獄，相反給他分享了自己的秘密。

由此推知，善良的瓊斯太太想通過親切的稱呼來緩解羅杰的緊張的恐懼，想要對他好一

試卷第8頁，共19頁

點；goeasyonsb.“對人寬容；對某人溫和”。故選A項。

26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“ThenMrs.Joneswenttodothecooking.Shedidnot

watchtheboytoseeifhewasgoingtorun,nordidshewatchherpurseleftbehindher.She

didnotaskhimanythingaboutwherehelived,orhisfolks.Instead,astheyate,shetoldhim

alotaboutherjobinahotelshopandhowallkindsofpeoplecameinandout.Shecuthim

anotherpieceofhercake.（然后瓊斯太太去做飯了。她沒有看那個男孩是否要跑，也沒有

看她的錢包落在她身后。她沒有問他住在哪里，也沒有問他的家人。相反，當他們吃飯

的時候，她告訴他很多關于她在酒店商店工作的事情，以及各種各樣的人是如何進進出

出的。她又給他切了一塊蛋糕）”和倒數(shù)第二段中“Whentheyfinishedeating,shegotupand

said,t4Now,here,takethistendollarsandbuyyourselfsomeblueshoes.Donotmakethe

mistake,becauseshoescomebydevilishwayslikethatwillburnyour色et.”（他們吃完飯后,

她站起來說：“喏，拿著這十美元，給自己買雙藍鞋吧。不要犯這個錯誤，因為鞋子會

以這種可怕的方式來燒傷你的腳?？芍?，瓊斯太太不但沒有懲罰偷錢的羅杰，反而

給他做飯吃，給他拿錢買鞋。由此推知，瓊斯太太是一個善良且大方的人。故選A項。

27.推理判斷題。通讀全文，結合倒數(shù)第二段中“Whentheyfinishedeating,shegotupand

said,“Now,here,takethistendollarsandbuyyourselfsomeblueshoes.Donotmakethe

mistake,becauseshoescomebydevilishwayslikethatwillburnyourfbet.”（他們吃完飯后,

她站起來說：“喏，拿著這十美元，給自己買雙藍鞋吧。不要犯這個錯誤，因為鞋子會

以這種可怕的方式來燒傷你的腳?？芍?，文章講述了善良的瓊斯太太非但沒有懲罰

偷錢的羅杰，反而給他做飯吃，給他拿錢買鞋。由此推知，故事表達了善行的力量，它

像黑夜中的一束光，可以照亮人性的黑暗。故選D項。

Ifsaknownfactthatemissions（排放物）fromgas-poweredvehiclesareharmingthe

atmosphere.Inresponsetothis,Porsche,theGermansportscarcompany,beganproducing

e-fuelsatapilotplantinChilelastyear.Currently,thefuelwillbeusedonlyinsportscarsat

Porsche'sperformanceandexperiencecenters.

E-fuelsaremadebypassingelectricitythroughwater.Theelectricityseparatesthe

hydrogenandoxygenfromwater.ThehydrogenisthenmixedwithCO2toproducealiquid

e-fuel,whichcanbeproducedusingmanyrenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwind

power.E-fuelsfollowthechemicalstructureofgasoline,makingitpossibleforgas-powered

carstorunone-fuelsalmostwithoutanychange.

E-fuelscanhelpeasethetransformawayfromgas-poweredcars,forthosewhomaynot

beabletoaffordelectricvehicles（EV）.Itwillalsohelptoreducewastebykeeping

gas-poweredcarsinservice,insteadofthrowingthemawayprematurely.Additionally,the

useofe-fuelswillnotrequirenewfacilitytobebuiltunlikeEVs.Existinggasstationsand

carswillbeabletostayinuse,whichisalreadyabigsaving.

Despitethemanybenefits,opinionsdifferonwhethere-fuelsaretrulyeco-friendly.

E-fuelsarewidelysaidtobenearlycarbonneutral（碳中和），althoughanindependentstudy

indicatesthate-fuelsreleasethesameamountofCO2asgasoline.Sincee-fuelsarestill

beingdevelopedandtested,theirtrueimpactsarestillunknown.Meanwhile,e-fuelsarevery

expensivetoproduce,partlyduetoenergylossduringproduction.Unfortunately,onlyabout

halfoftheenergyusedinproducinge-fuelsisactuallytransformedintofuel.Additionally,

onlyabout16%oftheenergyusedine-fuelproductionisactuallyusedtopowerthecar.

Whereas,about70%ofenergyispreservedwhenpoweringanEV.Eventhoughtheuseof

e-fuelswillpreserveexistingfacility,itwillstilltaketimeandmoneytointegrateitinto

everydaylife.Currently,thepriceofe-fuelsisnearlydoublethecostofregularfuel.

E-fuelsarestillaworkinprogress.Thoughopinionsaredividedone-fuels,withmore

testinganddevelopment,theyhavebeenconsideredanotherwaytohelpfightagainstthe

climatecrisis."Therearecurrentlymorethan1.3billionvehicleswithcombustion（內(nèi)燃）

enginesworldwide.Manyofthesewillbeontheroadsfordecadestocome,ande-fuelsoffer

theownersofexistingcarsanearlycarbon-neutralalternative.Withthee-fuelspilotplant,

Porscheisplayingaleadingroleinthisdevelopment,saidMichaelSteiner,memberofthe

ExecutiveBoardforDevelopmentandResearchatPorscheAG.

28.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.E-fuelsreleasenoCO2.

B.E-fuelsweretestedinGermanyatfirst.

C.E-fuelsareapplicabletogas-poweredcars.

D.E-fuelsneedtobemixedwithCO2inactualuse.

29.TheauthorquotesMichaelSteinermainlyto.

A.drawaconclusion.B.presentanopinion

C.furtheradiscussionD.provideasolution

30.Whatistheauthor9sattitudetowardse-fuels?

A.Positive.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.

【答案】28.C29.C30.A

試卷第10頁，共19頁

【導語】這是一篇說明文。德國跑車公司保時捷去年開始在智利的一家試點工廠生產(chǎn)電

動燃料，以減少汽車排放物對大氣的影響。文章對此進行了介紹。

28.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“E-fuelsfollowthechemicalstructureofgasoline,

makingitpossibleforgas-poweredcarstorunone-fuelsalmostwithoutanychange.（電子燃

料遵循汽油的化學結構，這使得以汽油為動力的汽車幾乎不需要任何改變就可以使用電

子燃料。）”可知，電子燃料適用于汽油動力汽車。故選C。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句"Thoughopinionsaredividedone-fuels,withmore

testinganddevelopment,theyhavebeenconsideredanotherwaytohelpfightagainstthe

climatecrisis.（盡管人們對電子燃料的看法存在分歧，但隨著更多的測試和開發(fā)，它們已

被認為是幫助應對氣候危機的另一種方式。）''和第三句中的“Therearecurrentlymorethan

1.3billionvehicleswithcombustion（內(nèi)燃）enginesworldwide.Manyofthesewillbeonthe

roadsfordecadestocome,ande-fuelsoffertheownersofexistingcarsanearly

carbon-neutralalternative.Withthee-fuelspilotplant,Porscheisplayingaleadingrolein

thisdevelopment（通用場景術語庫目前全球有超過13億輛內(nèi)燃機汽車。其中許多將在未

來幾十年上路，而電子燃料為現(xiàn)有汽車的車主提供了一種幾乎碳中和的替代方案。隨著

電動燃料試點工廠的建立，保時捷在這一發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著主導作用）''可知，作者引用邁克

爾?斯坦納的話主要是為了進一步討論前文中提到的結論。故選Co

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句"Thoughopinionsaredividedone-fuels,withmore

testinganddevelopment,theyhavebeenconsideredanotherwaytohelpfightagainstthe

climatecrisis.（盡管人們對電子燃料的看法存在分歧，但隨著更多的測試和開發(fā)，它們已

被認為是幫助應對氣候危機的另一種方式。）”可知，作者對電子燃料的態(tài)度是積極的。

故選Ao

OnFeb.21,fourstudentswerestandingonthesideofPacificCoastHighwayinMalibu

whenadrivergoing110milesperhourlostcontrolofhiscaranditcrashedintotheparked

vehicles.12peoplewerekilledatthescene,including2drivers.

Thiskindoftrafficdeathshouldn'tbecalledanaccident.InLosAngeles,weseemto

haveacceptedconstantcarnage（屠殺）inourstreetsinexchangeformaximizingdriverspeed

andconvenience.Theofficialresponsestoproventrafficdangersaremeregestures,ifeven

that.

LosAngelesisauniquelydeadlycitywithadeathratethatisfourtimesthenational

average.Unsurprisingly,ifsalsoacitythathasbeendesignedwithonethinginmind:a

conceptcalledlevelofservice,whichgradesstreetsonhowwelltheyservethosein

automobiles.TomanyAngelenos,thatmakessense——todesignourstreetsforcartraffic,

whichisthewaymanygetaroundthecity.Unfortunately,wedon'trecognizethatthere?sa

trade-off.Wecaneitherhavestreetsbetteredforfree-flowingtraffic,orwecandesignstreets

forpeopletomovearoundsafelyoutsideofcars.

Cityleadersconsistentlychoosefortheeasybutdeadlyoption.Inonerecentexample,a

residentaskedthecity'sDepartmentofTransportationtoblockdriversfromusingCochran

AvenueatVeniceBoulevardasacut-throughstreet,astheywerespeedingthroughaquiet

residentialneighbourhood.Thedepartmentrespondedbysuggestinga"speedawareness

campaign^^inwhichneighboursputupyardsignsurgingdriverstoslowdown.

Peopledon'tdrivebasedonsignage,buttheydriveonthedesignofthestreet.Thetrunk

roadsofLosAngelessuchasVeniceBoulevardallneedtoberevisedsothatpeopleare

prioritizedovercars.Thiswouldincludenarrowingtravellanes（道），buildingbikelanes,and

banningrightturnsatredlights.Thesemeasureswouldmakedriversfeellikethey'reinacity

andnotonahighway.ArecentJohnHopkinsstudysaysthiswouldhavesubstantialsafety

benefits.

Withmorethan7,500milesofstreetsinthecityofLosAngeles,theywon'tallbe

rebuiltanytimesoon.Butwitheachroadconstructionproject,oreachcrash,weshouldbe

revisingstreetstomakethemsaferforallroadusers.

Thesolutiontotrafficjamisn'ttomakemorespaceforcars.Ifstodesignthestreetsto

besafeenoughforalternativessuchasbiking,walkingandmasstransit,especiallyforthe50%

oftripsdailyinLosAngelesthatarelessthanthreemiles.Thesolutiontoprotectingpeople

diningoutdoorsisn'tcrashbarriers.It'sastreetdesignthatforcesdriverstogoslowly.The

problemiscarnageinthestreets,andweknowthesolutions.

31.WhyshouldthetrafficdeathinLosAngelesbecalled"constantcarnage”?

A.Thetrafficaccidentshappenquiteoften.

B.Toomanypeoplearekilledinthetrafficaccidents.

C.Thedrivers5speedingistoblameforthetrafficdeath.

D.Cityleaders'consistentchoicecontributestothetrafficdeath.

32.Whatdoestheword46trade-ofP,underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Balance.B.Guideline.C.Conflict.D.Resolution.

33.Accordingtothepassage,whichisalikelysolutiontothetrafficproblem?

試卷第12頁，共19頁

A.Towidentravellanes.B.Toaddmorecrosswalks.

C.Toarrangemoretrafficpolice.D.Topunishspeedingdrivers.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Driversfirstorwalkersfirst?B.Trafficdeathorconstantcamage?

C.Morewarningsignsorsaferdesigns?D.Morenarrowlanesorspeedyhighways?

【答案】31.D32.A33.B34.C

【導語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了洛杉磯街道設計的不合理之處以及改進措施。

31.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Cityleadersconsistentlychoosefortheeasybutdeadly

option”（城市領導人總是選擇簡單但致命的選項）可知，為什么洛杉磯的交通死亡被

稱為“持續(xù)的屠殺”是因為城市領導的一貫選擇導致交通死亡。故選D項。

32.詞句猜測題，根據(jù)第三段TomanyAngelenos,thatmakessense一todesignourstreets

forcartraffic,whichisthewaymanygetaroundthecity.5,（對許多洛杉磯人來說，為汽車

交通設計街道是有意義的，這是許多人在城市里出行的方式）根據(jù)下文“Wecaneither

havestreetsbetteredforfree-flowingtraffic,orwecandesignstreetsforpeopletomove

aroundsafelyoutsideofcars."（我們可以讓街道變得更好，讓交通更加暢通，或者我們

可以設計街道，讓人們在沒有汽車的情況下安全地走動。）可知，不幸的是，我們沒有

意識到應該平衡一下。所以劃線詞的意思是“平衡”。故選A項。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thesolutiontotrafficjamisn'ttomakemorespaceforcars.

Ifstodesignthestreetstobesafeenoughforalternativessuchasbiking,walkingandmass

transit,"（解決交通堵塞的辦法不是為汽車騰出更多的空間。而是為了設計足夠安全的

街道，讓人們可以選擇騎自行車、步行和公共交通，）可知，.增加人行橫道可能是解決

交通問題的方法。故選B項。

34.主旨大意題。短文介紹了洛杉磯街道的設計導致車道成為了快車道，并導致死亡事

故不斷地產(chǎn)生。有的部門提出，建議開展一項“速度意識運動”，讓鄰居們在院子里豎起

標志，敦促司機減速。有的提出了解決措施如縮小行車車道，修建自行車道，禁止在紅

燈時右轉(zhuǎn)。這些措施會讓司機感覺他們是在一個城市，而不是在高速公路上。以短文的

標題為“更多的警告標志還是更安全的設計?”切題。故選C項。

About40%adultsand19%childrenintheUSareobese（肥胖的）.Obesepeopleareat

increasedriskofmanyseriousdiseases,includinghighbloodpressureandheartdisease.

35Ifyouaresufferingfromthese,here'sawayoflosingweightthatyoucantry.

Dietary“selEmonitoring“isacommonstrategy.Itinvolvesrecordingwhatthey

consume,andhowmuch.Thetheoryisthatwhenthinkingofwhatyouputinyourbody,

you'llmakehealthierdecisions.36There9snodoubtthatdietaryself^monitoringhas

beenshowntohelploseweight.However,notmuchisknownabouthowlongthistakesor

howoftenitshouldbedone.

37Recently,researchersstudiedobeseindividualsinotherwisegoodhealthwho

participatedina24-weekweightcontrolprogram...Theyrecordedtheirdailydietaryintake

usinganonlineprogram.Thefindingsdemonstratedthatpeoplewhocontinuedtorecord

theirfoodintakedailyfor24weekslostmoreweightcomparedtothosewhoquitnotingtheir

intake.Peoplewholostatleast10%oftheirweightrecordedtheirfoodintakeabout3timesa

day.38Researchersnotedpeoplemighthavegreatersuccesswithweightlossif

theyrecorded