北京市海淀區(qū)2024屆高三年級(jí)下冊(cè)一模英語(yǔ)試卷(含答案)

北京市海淀區(qū)2024屆高三下學(xué)期一模英語(yǔ)試卷

學(xué)校：___________姓名：班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：

一,完形填空

Itwas4:30pm.AsIwaspackingup,Inoticedmycolleaguehadlefthislaptopbaginthe

office.SoIdecidedtobringittohim.Ittookmeabout15minutestogettohishouse,where

I1thebagandgotrightbackontheroad.

SuddenlyasnowstormcameandwithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.IstoppedbecauseI

wasafraidofdrivingintoafarmer'sfield,orworse.Ikeptthecar2tostaywarmand

called911.Theytoldmetosittightandwaitthingsoutforthenight.

Thosesecondsafterthecallwere3.Breathe,Itoldmyself.Panickingwon'thelp.

Itextedmycolleague,jokingaboutmygooddeedendingin4.HesuggestedIsharea

satelliteviewofmy5onmysocialmedia.AndIdidso,prayingthatanyonewhoknew

theresidentsofthenearbyfarmscouldgetmerescued.

Waitinginthecar,Idoubtedwhether6wouldbeabletocome.Soonenough,though,I

gotamessagefromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwiththem.

At8pm,Isawatallfigureinayellowraincoatstridingtowardmeinthedark,carryinga

flashlight,rdneverbeenmore7toseesomeoneinmylife.ItwasAndreBouvier,who'd

walkedabout550yardstocomegetme,fightingthewindandsnoweachstepoftheway.

Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthedirection.Idrove

behindhim,feelingmyheartbegintobeatmore8Whenwereachedhishouse,Iburst

intotears,allmyfearsturningintoreliefand9.

Theexperiencehasbeenagamechangerforme.Inow10challengeswithasenseof

calmrdnotknownbefore.Butbestofall,itbroughtAndreintomylife.

1.A.droppedoffB.filledupC.setasideD.putaway

2.A.lockedB.parkedC.signalingD.running

3.A.painfulB.criticalC.disappointingD.impressive

4.A.failureB.smokeC.disasterD.mystery

5.A.routeB.locationC.directionD.destination

6.A.newsB.helpC.hopeD.faith

7.A.satisfiedB.surprisedC.relievedD.worried

8.A.slowlyB.excitedlyC.nervouslyD.strongly

9.A.recognitionB.admirationC.satisfactionD.appreciation

10.A.identifyB.presentC.approachD.anticipate

二、短文填空

11.AparenfsnightmareturnedtoreliefinFloridaaspolicemenswiftlyrescuedamissing

five-year-oldgirlwithautism.Thelocalpolicelaunchedadesperatesearch,①(use)

airandgroundefforts.Thermalimaging(熱成像)②(lead)tothediscoveryofher

inaswampyarea.Abody-worncameracapturedtheheroicmomentofherrescue.(3)

policemen'squickresponse,shewasfoundunharmed.Thepublicpraisedtheteam's

efficiencyinturning(4)couldhavebeenatragedyintoaheartwarmingreunion.

12.Li-ionbatteriesstorealotofenergyinasmallamountofspace.Whenthatenergyis

releasedinanuncontrolledmanner,itgeneratesheat,①cantransformcertain

internalbatterycomponentsintoburnablegases.Consumersshouldpurchasebatteriesthat

areonlylistedbyanationally②(recognize)testinglaboratoryandstopusingthe

deviceifthebatteryshowssignsofdamage,suchasanunusualsmell,excessiveheat,

poppingsoundsorchangeincolor.Amongalltheplacestochargethesedevices,(3)

(safe)oneisoutdoorsawayfromanystructureandnotindirectsunlight.

13.Forbrandstosucceed,theymustgraspandadapttoevolvingconsumertaste.Over

thepastdecade,China①(witness)ashiftinconsumerbehaviormarkedbytherise

ofguochao,atrendemphasizingnationalisticbranding.Chineseconsumersdisplayeda

strong②(prefer)forlocally-madeproducts.Therefore,ifscrucialforbrandsto

genuinelycomprehendandhonorlocalcustoms,traditions,andvalues.Whileintegrating

Chineseelementsintomarketingstrategiescanbeeffective,itshouldbehandledthoughtfully

(3)(avoid)culturalinsensitivity.

三、閱讀理解

Withallthedietaryinformationonline,itcanbehardtoknowwhattipstofollow.Watch

outforthesewordsandexpressions.

FatIsGood

Itdoesn'tmatterifyouarepartofthefatisGOODforyouorBADforyougroup,the

importantquestiontoaskisthesourceofthefat.Ifitcomesfromaland-basedanimal,andis

likelytobesolidatroomtemperature,thenitissaturated(飽和的)fatwhereasifitcomes

fromfishorplants,anditislikelytobeliquidatroomtemperature,thenitisunsaturatedfat.

Alltheevidenceindicatesthateatingmoreunsaturatedfatthansaturatedfatlowersyourrisk

ofdyingearly.

NaturalSugarIsBetter

Thevastmajorityofsugarweconsumeissucrose(蔗糖).Itisthewhitepowderedstuffwe

cookwithandismadeupofglucoseandfructose.Howaboutsugarfromhoney?Itisoften

marketedasnaturalandbetterforyou.Actually,itjusthasitsowndistinctflavour,butisas

sweetbecauseofglucoseandfructose.

High-pHWater

Somepeoplethinkweneedtoeatalkali(堿)foodtomaintainourbloodatapHof7.4.But

everythingweeatordrinkpassesthroughthestomach,which,atapHof1.5,isthemost

acidicpartofthebody.ItisthenneutralisedtoapHof7.So,nothingweeatwillchangethe

pHofourblood.

Don'tEatAnythingThatYouCan'tPronounce

Whetherfoodsarenaturalorhighlyprocessed,theyareallfullofchemicals.Areyou

supposedtofear"phenylthiocarbamide”,becauseyoucan'tpronounceit?Thisissimplythe

chemicalresponsibleforthebittertastefoundinbrassicas,theplantsinthecabbageand

mustardfamily.

Don'tEatFoodWithMoreThanFiveIngredients（佐料）

Simplefoodsarenotnecessarilyhealthierforyou.IfI,forinstance,useChinesefivespice

powderinarecipe,thatwouldcountasoneofthefiveingredients.However,whatifIadded

thetypicalcomponentsoffivespicepowderseparatelyintoadish?Doesthatmeanmyrecipe

suddenlybecomesbadbecauseithasmorethanfiveingredients?

14.Accordingtothepassage,healthierfat.

A.canbefoundinfishandplantsB.comesfromland-basedanimals

C.remainssolidatroomtemperatureD.canlowerthedeathrateofelders

15.Thepassagesuggeststhat.

A.dietscanhelpadjustthepHofourblood

B.honeysugarcandomoregoodthansucrose

C.foodswithmoreingredientsmaybeashealthy

D.chemicalswecanrecognizearesafertotakein

16.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tbcomparetipsonfoodchoices.

B.Tointroducedifferenthealthconcepts.

C.Torecommendfitnessrecipestoreaders.

D.Tbwarnusofsomedietarymisunderstandings.

AtmyfirstlessoninChinesecalligraphy,myteachertoldmeplainly:"NowIwillteach

youhowtowriteyourname.Andtomakeitbeautiful.991feltmybreathcatch.Iwascurious.

GrowingupinSingapore,IhadanunusualrelationshipwithmyChinesename.My

parentsareethnicallyChinese,sotheyaskedfortunetellerstodecidemyname,aimingfor

maximumluck.Asaresult,Iendedupwithanonsenseandembarrassingname:ChenYiwen,

meaning,roughly,"old","barley（蔗米）"and"warm".

WhenIarrivedinAmericaforcollegeat18,IputonanAmericanaccentandabandoned

myChinesename.WhenImovedtoHongKongin2021,after14yearsintheStates,I

decidedtolearncalligraphy.Whynotgetbackintouchwithmyheritage?Ithought.

Incalligraphy,theideaistocopytheoldmasters9techniques,therebyrefiningyourown.

Everyweek,though,myteacherwouldgiveuncomfortablyon-the-noseassessmentsofmy

person."Youneedtobebraver,"heonceobserved."Haveconfidence.Trytoproduceabold

stroke（筆畫(huà)）Foryears,Ihadpridedmyselfonpresentinganimageofconfidence,butmy

writingbetrayedme.

Iwastryingtomakesenseofthispractice.Youmustvisualizethewordasitistobe

writtenandleaveatraceofyourselfinit.Asabodilypractice,calligraphycouldgobeyond

itsownculturalrestrictions.Couldithelpmegobeyondmine?Myteacheroncesaidtome,

“Whenyoulookattheword,youseethebody.Thoughawordonthepageistwo-

dimensional,itcontainsmultitudes,conveyingtheforceyou'veapplied,theenergyofyour

grip,thearchofyourspine."Ihadbeenlearningcalligraphytogetintouchwithmycultural

roots,butwhatIwasreallyseekingwasareturntomyself.NowIhavesensedthatthe

pleasureoutofcalligraphyallowsmetoknowmyselfmorefully.

Duringarecentlesson,myteacherpointedatthewordIhadjustfinished,tellingme:"This

wordismuchbetter.Icanseethechoicesyoumade,yourcalculations,yourflow.Trust

yourself.Thiswordisyours."Hemightaswellhavesaid,“Thiswordisyou.”

17.Whatdidtheauthorinitiallythinkofhername“ChenYiwen^^?

A.Itwasluckysoshegladlyacceptedit.

B.Shefeltproudofitssymbolicmeaning.

C.Sheunderstoodtheintentionbutstilldislikedit.

D.Itsstrangepronunciationmadeherembarrassed.

18.Theauthordecidedtolearncalligraphyto.

A.pickupanewhobbyB.reconnectwithherorigin

C.gaininsightsintoanewcultureD.fitinwithlocalcommunity

19.Fromtheteacher9swords,theauthorlearnsthatcalligraphy.

A.reflectsthecreator'sspiritsB.comesfromcreativeenergy

C.highlightsthedesignofstrokesD.dependsoncontinuouspractice

20.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A.Appreciatewhatourcultureoffers.B.Findbeautyfromyourinnerself.

C.Agreatteacherleadsyoutotruth.D.Wearethesumofwhatwecreate.

Researchershopebrainimplantswillonedayhelppeoplewithaphasia（失語(yǔ)癥）toget

theirvoiceback-andmaybeeventosing.Now,forthefirsttime,scientistshave

demonstratedthatthebrain'selectricalactivitycanbedecodedandusedtoreconstructmusic.

Anewstudyanalyzeddatafrom29peoplemonitoredforepilepticseizures（癲癇發(fā)作），

usingelectrodes（電極）onthesurfaceoftheirbrain.Asparticipantslistenedtoaselected

song,electrodescapturedbrainactivityrelatedtomusicalelements,suchastone,rhythm,and

lyrics.Employingmachinelearning,RobertKnightfromUCBerkeleyandhiscolleagues

reconstructedwhattheparticipantswerehearingandpublishedtheirstudyresults.Thepaper

isthefirsttosuggestthatscientistscan“l(fā)istensecretlyto“thebraintosynthesize（合成）

music.

Toturnbrainactivitydataintomusicalsound,researcherstrainedanartificialintelligence

（Al）modeltodecodedatacapturedfromthousandsofelectrodesthatwereattachedtothe

participantsastheylistenedtothesongwhileundergoingsurgery.Oncethebraindatawere

fedthroughthemodel,themusicreturned.Themodelalsorevealedsomebrainparts

respondingtodifferentmusicalfeaturesofthesong.

Althoughthefindingsfocusedonmusic,theresearchersexpecttheirresultstobemost

usefulfortranslatingbrainwavesintohumanspeech.LudovicBellier,thestudy'sleadauthor,

explainsthatspeech,regardlessoflanguage,hassmallmelodicdifferences-tempo,stress,

accents,andintonation-knownasprosody（韻律）.Theseelementscarrymeaningthatwe

can'tcommunicatewithwordsalone.Hehopesthemodelwillimprovebrain-computer

interfaces（BCI）,assistivedevicesthatrecordspeech-associatedbrainwavesanduse

algorithmstoreconstructintendedmessages.Thistechnology,stillinitsinfancy,couldhelp

peoplewhohavelosttheabilitytospeakbecauseofaphasia.

Futureresearchshouldinvestigatewhetherthesemodelscanbeexpandedfrommusicthat

participantshaveheardtoimaginedinternalspeech.Ifabrain-computerinterfacecould

recreatesomeone'sspeechwiththeprosodyandemotionalweightfoundinmusic,itcould

offerarichercommunicationexperiencebeyondmerewords.

Severalbarriersremainbeforewecanputthistechnologyinthehands-orbrains一of

patients.Thecurrentmodelreliesonsurgicalimplants.Asrecordingtechniquesimprove,the

hopeistogatherdatanon-invasively,possiblyusingultrasensitiveelectrodes.However,

undercurrenttechnologies,thisapproachmightresultinalowerspeedofdecodinginto

naturalspeech.Theresearchersalsohopetoimprovetheplaybackclaritybypackingthe

electrodesclosertogetheronthebrain'ssurface,enablinganevenmoredetailedlookatthe

electricalsymphonythebrainproduces.

hraiibcompulerinteifitccs

21.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?

A.Electrodescananalyzemusicalelements.

B.Thedecodingofbraindatahelpsrecreatemusic.

C.Machinelearninggreatlyenhancesbrainactivity.

D.TheAImodelmonitorsmusic-responsivebrainregions.

22.Whathopefullymakesitpossibletoexpandthemodeltospeech?

A.Theprosodyofspeech.B.Thecollectionofbrainwaves.

C.Theemotionalweightofmusic.D.Thereconstructionofinformation.

23.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.UnlockingtheSecretsofMelodicMind

B.BrainSymphony:SynthesizedHumanSpeech

C.BCIBringsHopetoPeoplewithAphasia

D.RemarkableJourney:DecodingBrainwithAI

“Assumeyouarewrong."TheadvicecamefromBrianNosek,apsychologyprofessor,

whowasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetterscience.

TounderstandthecontextforNosek'sadvice,weneedtotakeastepbacktothenatureof

scienceitself.Youseedespitewhatmanyofuslearnedinelementaryschool,thereisno

singlescientificmethod.Justasscientifictheoriesbecomeelaboratedandchange,sodo

scientificmethods.

Butmethodologicalreformhasn'tcomewithoutsomefrettingandfriction.Nastythings

havebeensaidbyandaboutmethodologicalreformers.Fewpeoplelikehavingthevalueof

theirlife'sworkcalledintoquestion.Ontheotherside,fewpeoplearegoodatvoicing

criticismsinkindandconstructiveways.So,partofthechallengeisfiguringouthowtobake

criticalself-reflectionintothecultureofscienceitself,soitunfoldsasawelcomeand

integratedpartoftheprocess,andnotanembarrassingsideshow.

WhatNosekrecommendedwasastrategyforchangingthewayweofferandrespondto

critique.Assumingyouarerightmightbeamotivatingforce,sustainingtheenormouseffort

thatconductingscientificworkrequires.Butitalsomakesiteasytointerpretcriticismsas

personalattacks.Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasier

tointerpretasaconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong一agoalthatyourcritic

presumablyshares.

Oneworryaboutthisapproachisthatitcouldbedemoralizingforscientists.Strivingtobe

lesswrongmightbealesseffectivemotivationthanthepromiseofbeingright.Another

concernisthatastrategythatworkswellwithinsciencecouldbackfirewhenitcomesto

communicatingsciencewiththepublic.Withoutanappreciationforhowscienceworks,ifs

easytotakeuncertaintyordisagreementsasmarksagainstscience,wheninfacttheyreflect

someoftheveryfeaturesofsciencethatmakeitourbestapproachtoreachingreliable

conclusionsabouttheworld.Scienceisreliablebecauseitrespondstoevidence:asthe

quantityandqualityofourevidenceimproves,ourtheoriescanandshouldchange,too.

Despitetheseworries,IlikeNosek'ssuggestionbecauseitbuildsincognitivehumility

alongwithasensethatwecandobetter.Italsobuildsinasenseofcommunity一we'reall

inthesameboatwhenitcomestofallingshortofgettingthingsright.

Unfortunately,thisstillleavesuswithanuntestedhypothesis（假說(shuō)）：thatassumingoneis

wrongcanchangecommunitynormsforthebetter,andultimatelysupportbetterscienceand

even,perhaps,betterdecisionsinlife.Idon'tknowifthafstrue.Infact,Ishouldprobably

assumethatit'swrong.Butwiththebenefitofthescientificcommunityandourbest

methodologicaltools,Ihopewecangetitlesswrong,together.

24.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?

A.Reformerstendtodevalueresearchers9work.

B.Scientistsareunwillingtoexpresskindcriticisms.

C.Peopleholdwrongassumptionsaboutthecultureofscience.

D.Thescientificcommunityshouldpracticecriticalself-reflection.

25.Thestrategyof"assumingyouarewrong^^maycontributeto.

A.theenormouseffortsofscientistsatwork

B.thereliabilityofpotentialresearchresults

C.thepublic'spassionforscientificfindings

D.theimprovementinthequalityofevidence

26.Theunderlinedword“demoralizing“inParagraph5means.

A.discouragingB.ineffectiveC.unfairD.misleading

27.Thetonetheauthorusesintalkingabouttheuntestedhypothesisis.

A.doubtfulbutsincereB.disapprovingbutsoft

C.authoritativeanddirectD.reflectiveandhumorous

Asakid,IdreamedofbecomingamarinebiologistandIlivedoutthisfantasybysetting

upaquariums（魚(yú)缸）athome.Then,at20,IwasintroducedtophotographerDavid

Liittschwager,whohiredmetohelphimwithamagazineassignmentonmarinelife.

David'sassignmentwastodocumenttheamazingbiodiversityfoundintheocean.Myrole

wastocollectspeciesforhimtophotograph.Everynight,Iwouldcastafloatinglamp.Like

mothsdrawntoaflame,mysteriouscreatureswouldemergefromthedepthsinsearchofthis

light,rdthensetupaquariumstohousethemastheywaitedforDavidtotaketheirshot.

ThoseeveningsmademefeelasifIwereonanotherplanet.Ihadneverimaginedsuch

strangelife-formscouldexistinouroceans.ButIdidn'tgraspthetruemagicofwhatwasin

frontofmeuntilIsawthephotographsDavidtook.

Thebiggestsurprisewashisimageofababyflounder.Icaughtthisfishbyaccident.Only

laterdidInoticeitstwotinyeyeballsstaringbackatme.ButDavid'sphotographofthis

flounderrevealedauniverseofdetailthatevenmyeagereyeshadmissed.Hismacrolens

magnifieditsribs.Thelightning-fastexposurefrozeitsmotion.Apreciselyaimedlight

releasedtherainbowhiddeninitsskin.Andtheblackbackgroundremovedalldistractionsto

focusourattentiononthequietbeautyathand.

Yearsafterthatproject,Iwassnorkeling（潛水）onashallowreef.Outofthedarkness,

anotherbabyflounderemergedandsettledonmymask.ThistimeIknewwhattolookfor.

BeforeworkingforDavid,Ihadassumedthegoalofphotographywassimplytoreproduce

anobservationsothatotherscouldsharethesameexperience.Ithadneveroccurredtome

thatphotographycouldexpandourvisualperceptionandthereforeteachustoseetheworld

anew.

aflounder

28.Whatwastheauthor'sresponsibilityinDavid'sassignment?

29.WhywasDavid'simageofababyflounderthebiggestsurprisetotheauthor?

30.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitand

explainwhy.

?Encounteringababyflounderwhilesnorkelingdeepenedtheauthor'sunderstanding

thatphotographycouldreproduceanobservation.

31.Whatcanhelpyouseetheworldanew?(Inabout40words)

四、七選五

32.Whenyougetinacar,youexpectitwillhavefunctioningbrakes.Whenyoupickup

medicineatthedrugstore,youexpectitwon'tbepolluted.Butitwasn'talwayslikethis.The

safetyoftheseproductswasterriblewhentheyfirstcametomarket.Ittookmuchresearch

andregulationtofigureouthowuserscanenjoythebenefitsoftheseproductswithout

gettingharmed.①

Socialmediarisksareeverywhere.Thedangersthatalgorithmsdesignedtomaximize

attentionrepresenttoteenshavebecomeimpossibletoignore.Otherproductdesignelements,

oftencalled"darkpatterns/9designedtokeeppeopleusingforlonger,alsoappeartotip

youngusersintosocialmediaoveruse.②Theysayit'stheirusers'faultfor

engagingwithharmfulcontentinthefirstplace,evenifthoseusersarechildrenorthe

contentisfinancialtrickery.Theyalsoclaimtobedefendingfreespeech.

(3)UndertheDigitalServicesAct,whichcameintoeffectinEuropethisyear,

platformsarerequiredtotakeactiontostopthespreadofillegalcontentandcanbefinedup

to6percentoftheirglobalincomesiftheydon'tdoso.Ifthislawisenforced,maintaining

thesafetyoftheiralgorithmsandnetworkswillbethemostfinanciallysounddecisionfor

platformstomake.

Despitetheseefforts,twothingsareclear.First,onlinesafetyproblemsareleadingtoreal,

offlinesuffering.Second,socialmediacompaniescan't,orwon't,solvethesesafety

problemsontheirown.(4)Evensafetyissueslikecyberbullyingthatwethought

weresolvedcanpoprightbackup.Asoursocietymovesonlinetoanever-greaterdegree,the

ideathatanyone,eventeens,canjust“stayoffsocialmedia“becomeslessandlessrealistic.

⑤______

A.Andthoseproblemsaren'tgoingaway.

B.Thecurrentissuesaren'treallyaboutofflinesuffering.

C.Platfbrmsalreadyhavesystemstoremoveviolentorharmfulcontent.

D.Similarly,socialmedianeedsproductsafetystandardstokeepuserssafe.

E.Ifstimeweshouldrequiresocialmediatotakesafetyseriously,foreveryone'ssake.

F.Internetplatforms,however,haveshiftedblameontheconsumerswhenevercriticized.

G.Someauthoritiesaretakingstepstoholdsocialmediaplatformsaccountableforthecontent.

五、書(shū)面表達(dá)

33.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。六月十四日是世界獻(xiàn)血者日(World