高考-概要寫作 2017.11 maggie

概要寫作Summarywriting新題型2021/5/91Asummaryisa

shortstatementthatgivesonlythemainpoints

ofsth,notthedetails《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》讀者在正確理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上,在不改變原文中心思想、體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，用簡明、精練的語句高度濃縮文章的主要內(nèi)容和觀點。

Itisabrief,thorough

and

objective

restatementofthemainideaandkeypointsofalongercomposition.01Whatisasummary?2021/5/92a60-wordsummaryuseyourownwordsinthethirdpersonwithabriefsentenceconnectionbetweensentences(句子銜接)02RequestsofSummaryWriting2021/5/93Whatisagoodsummary?概要寫作評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第五檔（21–25points）：1.理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋所有要點2.準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯3.完全使用自己的語言。(60-80W)4.有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊contents(內(nèi)容)languageskills(語言)structure(結(jié)構(gòu))2021/5/94TheelementsofanargumentationArgumentationastrongstatementofopinionsupportfortheopinionconclusion/suggestionstopicsentencessupportingsentencesthepurposeofthepassage2021/5/951.shutdown2.fine3.complain4.overcharge5.threaten6.staff2021/5/966.checkout7.netizens8.due9.relevant10.standby11.investigate12.authority13.Illegal14.severely2021/5/97ShutdownClosedownfinemakesbbesurethat…complainhandicappedattempttrytodosththenandthererightaway2021/5/98Recently,awildfishrestaurantwasorderedtoshutdownInHarbin,northeastChina’sHeilongjiangProvince.Asaresult,theowneroftherestaurantfacedafineof500,000yuan.ChenYan,atouristfromChangzhou,eastChina’sJiangSuProvince,complainedonlineonFebruary12thathewasovercharged10,000yuanforthreebigfishatalocalwildfishrestaurantinSongbeiDistrictofHarbin.Worsestill,heclaimedthathisfamilymemberswerebeatenandthreatenedbytherestaurantstaffwhenthehequestionedthebillatthecheckout.Chen’scomplaintimmediatelyspreadonChina’ssocialmedia.Theinvestigationshowedthattherestauranthadnofault,sincetheyhadalreadytagged(標(biāo)簽)theprice,whichraiseddoubtamongnetizensagain.

2021/5/99Furtherinvestigationshowedthatonetypeofthefishserved,Huso,wasnottherealwildspecies,butakindoffarmedfishatamuchlowerprice.Sincethepricesofthefishdidhaveviolatedtherightsofconsumers,therestaurantgotitsduepunishment.Meanwhile,relevantgovernmentdepartmentsthathavestoodbythesideoftherestaurantinthefirstplacewouldalsobeinvestigatedandpunished.Similarcasesoffraudulent(欺騙)pricingatscenicspotshavealsoreportedelsewhereinChina.InOctober2015,forinstance,atouristwasoverchargedforacourseofshrimp(蝦)InthecoastalcityofQingdao,eastChina'2021/5/910概要寫作難點1Howtogetthekeypointsquicklyandcorrectly?(如何快速、準(zhǔn)確地捕捉要點)抓住主題句或關(guān)鍵信息，忽略次要信息2021/5/911Para1：Recently,awildfishrestaurantwasorderedtoshutdowninHarbin,northeastChina’sHeilongjiangProvince.Asaresult,theowneroftherestaurantfacedafineof500,000yuan.detailedexample忽略具體事例topicsentence概要寫作難點2Howtoexpressthekeypointsbyusingyourownwordsproperly?

(如何靈活詮釋，規(guī)避抄襲的嫌疑)2021/5/912Recently,awildfishrestaurantwasorderedtoshutdowninHarbinandfacedaheavyfine.______________,awildfishrestaurantwas_____________to

inHarbinandfacedaheavyfine.Lately,notlongagoAsked/required/requested近義詞替換closedown2021/5/913Youpaidgoodmoneyforit,

andyoutookcareofit.Decadesago,industrialgoodsweremadedurable.spentmuchmoneyontreasuretreatitkindlyYouspentmuchmoneyonitandtreasureit.Decadesago,industrialgoodsweremadedurableYouspentmuchmoneyonitandtreasureit.Para1.useitcarefully2021/5/914Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldn’tlastalongtime.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.Justthinkofthecarsthataretradeddaily,justbecausetheyareoutofstyle.Thinkoftheexpensivepackagingmaterialthatisthrownawayeverytimeanewobjectisbought.Andweshoppershavetopayforthatmaterial!topicsentencedetailedexamplescharacteristicsresult忽略具體事例2021/5/915Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldn’tlastalongtime.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.Justthinkofthecarsthataretradeddaily,justbecausetheyareoutofstyle.Thinkoftheexpensivepackagingmaterialthatisthrownawayeverytimeanewobjectisbought.Andweshoppershavetopayforthatmaterial!2021/5/9161.Nowadaysindustryhaspersuadedusthatproductscouldn’tlastalongtime.2.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.3.Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.ModernIndustrymadeusbelieveconvincednotpermanentModernindustryhasconvinced

usthatproducts

arenotpermanent.short-lived近義詞替換2021/5/9172.Itischeapertothrowthemawaythantorepairthem.Tothrowthemawayischeaperthantorepairthem.Itismoreexpensivetorepairthemthantothrowthemaway.改變主語（形式主語）正話反說、反話正說2021/5/918Thishasleddirectlytothe“throw-awaysociety”whichisagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.whichhasresultedinagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.改變句式resultin2021/5/919Modernindustryhasconvinced

usthatproducts

arenotpermanent.Tothrowthemawayischeaperthantorepairthem,

whichhasresultedinagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.Para2.2021/5/920Para3：提煉相關(guān)信息Ourindustrialsocietyhasturnedusintospoiledchildren.Thiswastefulnesshasgotusintothegreattroubleweareinnow.Whenwehavenoresourcesleft,thenwewillstarttotakecareofwhatwehave.Butwhycan’tweactbeforethishappens?Whycan’twetrytobuildasocietyinwhichthepreventionofwasteisavirtue?過渡句Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeit’stoolateThiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresourcesandweneedtotakeaction.2021/5/921Thiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresourcesandweneedtotakeaction.Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeit’stoolate.Para3.Thiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresources.Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeit’stoolate.2021/5/922Decadesago,industrialgoodsweremadedurable.Wespentmuchmoneyonitandtreasureit.Modernindustryhasconvinced

usthatproducts

arenotpermanent.Tothrowthemawayischeaperthantorepairthem,whichhasresultedinagreatwasteoftheearth’sresources.Thiswastefulnesshascausedusalotoftrouble.Wearerunningoutofresources.Weneedtosaveresourcesbeforeit’stoolate.(71W)Polishyourwriting有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊19~21分However,Therefore,2021/5/923Step1：Step2:Step3:Step4:讀懂文章大意抓住主題句或關(guān)鍵信息，忽略次要信息Howtowriteagoodsummary?Conclusion靈活運用語言，對關(guān)鍵信息進行改編添加有效連接成分，使概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊2021/5/924Thefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,someresearchersrealizedthatthingscommonlyusedtokeepcolourinmeatsandotherfoodadditives（添加劑）causedcancer.

Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappings（包裝）offoodsarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintotheiranimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkofcows.Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.

Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertogetahigherpriceonthemarket.Althoughsomecountrieshavetriedtocontrolsuchthings,thepracticecontinues.（201W）2021/5/925Thefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,someresearchersrealizedthatthingscommonlyusedtokeepcolourinmeatsandotherfoodadditives（添加劑）causedcancer.

Para1：2021/5/926

(1.)Thefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.(2.)Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.(3.)Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.1.Ourfoodaffectsourhealth.

2.Although

sciencehasgreatlyimproved

thequalityofourfoods,

someare

stillunsafe

toeat.2021/5/927(3.)Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.3.Researchhasprovedthatmostofourdiseasesarecausedbyfood,includingcancer.

2021/5/928Ourfoodaffectsourhealth.

Although

sciencehasgreatlyimprovethequalityofourfoods,

someare

stillunsafe

toeat.Researchhasprovedthatmostofourdiseasesarecausedbyfood,includingcancer.

Para1：2021/5/929Para2：Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappings(包裝)offoodsarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintotheiranimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkofcows.Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.

2021/5/930

(1.)Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappingsoffoodsarehelpfulorharmful.(2.)Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.(3.)Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.

1.Wecanhardlytell

whether

theadditivesinourfood

areharmfulornot.2.

Theyaffectourbodyindirectly.

2021/5/931(3.)Sometimessimilartingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.

3.

Somefarmersraisetheiranimalswithadditivestoearnmoremoney.2021/5/932Wecanhardlytell

whether

theadditivesinourfood

areharmfulornot.Theyaffectourbodyindirectly.Somefarmersraisetheiranimalswithadditivestoearnmoremoney.Para2：2021/5/933Para3：Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertogetahigherpriceonthemarket.Althoughsomecountrieshavetriedtocontrolsuchthings,thepracticecontinues.Somecountrieshavetakenmeasurestostopsuchthings,butinvain.2021/5/934Ourfoodaffectsourhealth.

Although

sciencehasgreatlyimprovedthequalityofourfoods,

someare

stillunsafe

toeat.Researchhasprovedthatmostofourdiseasesarecausedbyfood,includingcancer.

Wecanhardlytell

whether

theadditivesinourfood

areharmfulornot.Theyaffectourbodyindirectly.Somefarmersraisetheiranimalswithadditivestoearnmoremoney.Somecountrieshavetakenmeasurestostopsuchthings,butinvain.(77W)it有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊because∧2021/5/935

Weightlossismostlikelytobesuccessfulwhenpeoplechangetheirhabits.Hereareseveralwaystomakethathappen.Regularphysicalactivityburnscaloriesandbuildsmuscles---bothofwhichhelpyoulookandfeelgoodandkeepweightoff.Walkingthefamilydog,cyclingtoschool,anddoingotherthingsthatincreaseyourdailylevelofactivitycanallmakeadifference.Onereasonpeoplegetlessexercisethesedaysisbecauseofanincreasein“screentime”---theamountoftimespentwatchingTV,lookingatthecomputer,orplayingvideogames.Limitrecreationalscreentimetolessthan2hoursperday.Whenyoureallygetawayfrom“screens”,suchasTV,computers,IPadormobilephones,youwillreallybenefitalot.Portionsizesarebiggerthantheyusedtobe,andtheseextracaloriescontributetoobesity.Anotherkeyfactorinweightgainisthatmorepeopledrinksugarydrinks,suchassodas,juicedrinks,andsportsdrinks.Sochoosesmallerportions(orsharerestaurantportions)andgoforwaterorlow-fatmildinsteadofsoda.Peoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenfeelsohungrythattheyeatmorelateron.Sotheygetmorecaloriesthantheywouldhaveiftheyatebreakfast.Infact,peoplewhoskipbreakfasttendtohavehigherBIMsthanpeoplewhoeatbreakfast.Ifyoureallyputtheaboveintopracticeatonce,youwilldefinitelyreduceyourweightgradually.Andwishyouhaveagoodfigure.2021/5/936

Weightlossismostlikelytobesuccessfulwhenpeoplechangetheirhabits.Hereareseveralwaystomakethathappen.Regularphysicalactivityburnscaloriesandbuildsmuscles---bothofwhichhelpyoulookandfeelgoodandkeepweightoff.Walkingthefamilydog,cyclingtoschool,anddoingotherthingsthatincreaseyourdailylevelofactivitycanallmakeadifference.

Changingsomehabitsmaybeagoodwaytoloseweight.Ifpeoplechangetheirhabits,theywillsurelysucceedinlosingweight.Whetherpeoplecanloseweightornotdependsontheirlivinghabits.Takingmorephysicalexercisewillmakemuchdifferencetopeople’shealth.Increasingtheamountofregularexercisewillbenefitpeoplealot.2021/5/937

Onereasonpeoplegetlessexercisethesedaysisbecauseofanincreasein“screentime”---theamountoftimespentwatchingTV,lookingatthecomputer,orplayingvideogames.Limitrecreationalscreentimetolessthan2hoursperday.Whenyoureallygetawayfrom“screens”,suchasTV,computers,IPadormobilephones,youwillreallybenefitalot.Portionsizesarebiggerthantheyusedtobe,andtheseextracaloriescontributetoobesity.Anotherkeyfactorinweightgainisthatmorepeopledrinksugarybeverages,suchassodas,juicedrinks,andsportsdrinks.Sochoosesmallerportions(orsharerestaurantportions)andgoforwaterorlow-fatmilkinsteadofsoda.Itisnecessarytolimit“screentime”ifpeoplewanttoloseweight.Wearesupposedtoreduce“screentime”.Stickingtosmallerportionsandavoidingsugarydrinkscontributetoweightloss.Watchingoutforportionsizesanddrinkingwaterinsteadofsugarydrinksarealsoakeytoweightloss.2021/5/938

Peoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenfeelsohungrythattheyeatmorelateron.Sotheygetmorecaloriesthantheywouldhaveiftheyatebreakfast.Infact,peoplewhoskipbreakfasttendtohavehigherBIMsthanpeoplewhoeatbreakfast.Ifyoureallyputtheaboveintopracticeatonce,youwilldefinitelyreduceyourweightgradually.Andwishyouhaveagoodfigure.Peopleshouldavoidskippingbreakfast.Skippingbreakfastisactuallynotawisewaytoloseweight.Peoplewillhaveagoodfigureiftheytaketheabovesuggestions.2021/5/939

Changingsomehabitsmaybeagoodwaytoloseweight.Takingmorephysicalexercisewillmakemuchdifferencetopeople’shealth.Wearesupposedtoreduce“screentime”.Stickingtosmallerportionsandavoidingsugarydrinkscontributetoweightloss.Peopleshouldavoidskippingbreakfast.Peoplewillhaveagoodfigureiftheytaketheabovesuggestions.(58W)

First,

Meanwhile,

Besides

Finally2021/5/940Ratseatourfoodormakeitsodirtythatitisn'tfitforpeopleatall.That'swhypeopleoftenkillthembylayingdownpoison.Afteradayortwo,theyfindthepoisonstillthere.Theratshaven'ttouchedit,eventhoughitisnearthefoodwhichtheyeat.Peoplethinktheymustbecleverandcunning.Somescientistshavebeentryingtofindthebestwaytopoisonrats.Theyhavewatchedtoseejustwhataratdoesdayandnight.Theyhavefoundoutthatratsaren'tsoclever.Theyarejustveryshy.

Ratsusuallyliveinholes.Theyrunfromtheseholestotheplaceswheretheyeatanddrink.Theyhavespecialpathsonwhichtheytraveleachtime.Sotheyknowtheirpathsquitewell.

Ifanythingnew,suchasstoneorwood,isputinthepath,theratswon'tgonearitatfirstastheyaretoofrightened.Itwilltakethemmanydaystogetoverthefear.Theyarealsofrightenedtogonearaplacethattheyknow,wheresomethinghasbeentakenaway.Ifapathgoesaroundarock,theratsfollowthesamepatharoundtherockeachtime.Iftherockistakenaway,theywillstillrunroundtheplacewheretherockwas!Theywon'tcrosstheemptyplace,whichisnowopentothem,eventhoughitwouldbequicker.

Ratswillalwayskeepawayfromanythingunusualtothem.That'swhytheywon'teatpoisononthefirstorsecondnight.Theyusuallywon'tgoanywherenearitforaboutfourdaysuntiltheygetusedtobeingthere.Eventhentheyonlyeatalittleatatime.Ifpeoplewanttokillratswithpoison,alltheyhavetodoistoleaveitoutforafewdays.Oncetheratshavegotusedtoit,theywilleatitanddie.（331W）2021/5/941(1).Ratseatourfoodormakeitsodirtythatitisn'tfitforpeopleatall.(2).That'swhypeopleoftenkillthembylayingdownpoison.(3).Afteradayortwo,theyfindthepoisonstillthere.(4).Theratshaven'ttouchedit,eventhoughitisnearthefoodwhichtheyeat.(5).Peoplethinktheymustbecl