初中定語(yǔ)從句講解練習(xí)及答案

一、定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名加或代

詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。

定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)用來(lái)限定、修飾名詞或代詞

的，是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的

詞、短語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)

和分詞短語(yǔ)）或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用'……

的'表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任，此外，名

園，住逅，數(shù)逅，會(huì)調(diào)，副翅，不定式以

及介詞短語(yǔ)也可以來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,也可以由一個(gè)

句子來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所

修飾的詞之前，作前置定語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)和從句

作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置

定語(yǔ)。

定語(yǔ)從句是指在一個(gè)句子中作定語(yǔ)的

句子，定語(yǔ)從句要放在所修飾的詞后。

如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisa

policeman.

2)YoumustdoeverythingthatI

do.

上面兩句中的man和everything是定語(yǔ)從

句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在

先行詞的后面。

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that,which,

who(賓格who,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞

where,when>why

關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

2、代替先行詞3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一

個(gè)成分

二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

l.who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)

(l)Theboyswhoareplayingfootballare

fromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholost

hisway.

2.whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，常

可省略。

(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)you

talkedabout.

注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非

正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。

(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjust

nowismyfriend.

3.which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓

語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedby

mostboys.(which在句子中做主語(yǔ))

(2)Thisisthepen(which)hebought

yesterday.(which在句子中做賓語(yǔ))

4.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指

物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。

在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)

時(shí)可省略。

(5)Thepeoplethat/wh。cometovisitthe

cityareallhere.(在句子中做主語(yǔ))

(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsaw

thismorning?(在句子中做賓語(yǔ))

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句

中做定語(yǔ)

(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisa

doctor.

(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhas

fallenin.

whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替

(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbroken

willsoonberepaired.

=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichis

brokenwillsoonberepaired.

(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoloris

yellow?

=Doyoulikethebookthecolorof

whichisyellow?

注：that用法

(1)不用that的情況

(a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。

(錯(cuò))Thetree,thatisfourhundredyears

old,Isveryfamoushere.

(b)介詞后不能用。

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwe

getourfood.

Wedependonthelandthat/whichweget

ourfoodfrom.

(2)只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代

詞的情況

(a)在therebe句型中，只用that,不

用whicho

(b)在不定代詞，如：anything,nothing,

theone,all等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that,不

用whicho

(c)先行詞有theonly,thevery,the

same,thelast,just修飾時(shí)，只用thato

(d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最

高級(jí)時(shí),只用that,不能用which。.

(e)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。

(f)先行詞指物，在主句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí).

(g)為了避免重復(fù).

(h)先行詞是theway或thereason時(shí)，

that可作關(guān)系副詞，也可省略

(i)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who/which時(shí)

舉例：

Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthe

library?

這是你在圖書(shū)館借的那本書(shū)嗎？

Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbe

punished.

誰(shuí)打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰.

Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.

所需的只是供油問(wèn)題。

Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthat

hehadstolentothepolice.

那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。

三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞：在句中作狀語(yǔ)

關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞

why=forwhich

where=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行1詞

搭配)

when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先

行詞搭配)

1.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀

語(yǔ)用來(lái)表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句。

(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsago

hasbeenpulleddown.

2.when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間。在定語(yǔ)

從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可做連接詞用

(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirst

cametotheschool.

(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinally

came.

［注］表示時(shí)間“time”一詞的定語(yǔ)從句只用

when引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)

然也不用that引導(dǎo)。

BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehad

stayedtherefortwoweeks.

到你到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候，我們?cè)谀抢镆呀?jīng)待

了兩個(gè)星期。

IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我

仍然記得我第一次見(jiàn)到她。

Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,he

bringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchas

towels,soap,toothbrushetc。

每一次他去出差，他帶來(lái)了生活必需品，

如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。

3.why指原因在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀

語(yǔ)

(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyou

missedtheplane.

(2)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooks

unhappytoday.

注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞

+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換

(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefused

theinvitationisnotclear,

(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewas

goingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathe

wantedwhenhegrewup.

注：1)介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。

2)that前不能有介詞。

3)某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原

因狀語(yǔ)的”介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副

詞when,where和why互換。

ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyears

ago.

ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyears

ago.

Doyourememberthedayonwhichyou

joinedourclub?

Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoined

ourclub?

Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.

Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.

練習(xí)（一）

請(qǐng)分析一下定語(yǔ)從句：（請(qǐng)劃出定語(yǔ)從句，

并標(biāo)出先行詞）

1.Checkthewaysyoustudyforan

Englishtest.

2.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficult

wasEnglishgrammar.

3.Youcouldn'tunderstandpeoplewho

talkedfast.

4.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.

5.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn'tlike.

6.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyou

havehadrecently?

8.Hewouldalwaystakepridein

everythinggoodIdo.

9.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherules

thatwehaveinschool.

10.Whataresomeoftherulesthata

teenagershouldobey?

12.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollects

them,pleasetellme.

13.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouare

talkingwithisquitecommoninsome

countries.

14.Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoing

this,youcanaskthem.

15.AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.

二、用關(guān)系代詞填空：that、which、who>

whom、whose

1.Thisisthemanwantstosee

you.

2.Thestudentanswered

thequestionisZhangHua.

3.Themanyouwenttosee

hascome.

4.ThemanImetyesterday

lentmesomemoney.

5.Thewomanyou

sawisourgeographyteacher.

6.Therunneryou

areaskingaboutisoverthere.

7.Thepersonyou

shouldwritetoisMr.Ball.

8.Themanwaspassingby

sawwhathappened.

9.Hereisthepenyoulost

thedaybeforeyesterday.

10.Thesebooksyoulent

mewereveryuseful.

11.ThestorybookIhave

justreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.

12.Aclockisamachinetells

peoplethetime.

13.ThisisshirtIbought

yesterday.

14.Adictionaryisabook

givesthemeaningtotheword.

15.Thebookisonthetable

ismine.

16.Thefilmtheyare

talkingaboutisveryinteresting.

17.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandthe

placesIhaveevervisited.

18.Isthereanyonefamily

isinBeijing?

19.Showmetheboy

motherisawell-knownsinger.

20.Theboyfatherisateacheris

goodatEnglish.

三、單項(xiàng)選擇

()1.YourteacherofChineseisayoung

ladycomesfromBeijing.

A.whoB.whichC.

whomD.whose

()2.What'sthenameofthe

program.

A.whicharelisteningB.

youarelisteningto

C.tothatyouarelisteningD.

thatyouarelistening

()3.Thestudentswereallinterested

youtoldthemyesterday.

A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.

allthatD.ineverything

()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhis

officewasinvited.

A.whomB.whoseC.

thatD.which

()5.Thisisthemuseumwe

visitedlastyear.

A.whereB.inwhichC.

whichD.inthat

()6.Charlietoldhismotherallhad

happened.

A.thatB.whatC.

whichD.who

()7.Doyouknowthestudent?

A.whomIoftentalkB.

withwhoIoftentalk

C.IoftentalkwithD.

thatIoftentalk

()8.1likethehousewindowsface

south.

A.whoseB.who'sC.

it'sD.its

()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthe

dictionary?

A.whatIneedB.IneedC.

whichIneeditD.thatIneedit

()10.TheyoungwomanIspokejust

nowisayoungdoctor.

A.whoB.towhomC.

whomD.that

練習(xí)（二）

1.Don'ttalkaboutsuchthingsof

youarenotsure.

A.whichB.whatC.asD.those

5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces

couldn'tbefound.

A.thatB.whereC.in

whichD.inthat

6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature

waterchangesintoice.

A.atwhichB.onthatC.in

whichD.ofwhat

7.Thisbookwillshowyoucan

beusedinothercontexts..

A.howyouhaveobservedB.what

youhaveobserved

C.thatyouhaveobservedD.how

thatyouhaveobserved

8.Thereasonisheisunableto

operatethemachine.

A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.

whether

9.riltellyouhetoldmelast

week.

A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.

which

10.Thattree,branchesare

almostbare,isveryold.

A.whoseB.ofwhichC.in

whichD.onwhich

11.1haveboughtthesamedress

sheiswearing.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.

what

12.Hefailedintheexamination,

madehisfatherveryangry.

A.whichB.itC.thatD.what

13.We'retalkingaboutthepianoandthe

pianistwereintheconcertwe

attendedlastnight.

A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that

14.ThegirlanEnglishsonginthe

nextroomisTom'ssister.

A.whoissingingB.issingingC.

sangD.wassinging

15.Thosenotonlyfrombooksbut

alsothroughpracticewillsucceed.

A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.

wholearn

16.Anyonethisopinionmay

speakout.

A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.

whoisagainstD.whoareagainst

17.Didn'tyouseetheman?

A.InoddedjustnowB.

whomInoddedjustnow

C.InoddedtohimjustnowD.I

noddedtojustnow

18.Canyoulendmethenovelthe

otherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalked

aboutit

C.whichyoutalkedwithD.you

talkedabout

19.Isthereanythingtoyou?

A.thatisbelongedB.that

belongsC.thatbelongD.which

belongs

20.——“Howdoyoulikethebook?^^

——"It'squitedifferentfromI

readlastmonth.^^

A.thatB.whichC.the

oneD.theonewhat

21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthe

pupilsexceptwhohadalreadytaken

them.

A.theonesB.onesC.someD.

theothers

22.Thetrainshewastravellingwas

late.

A.whichB.whereC.on

whichD.inthat

23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer