山西省運(yùn)城市2022-2023學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期7月期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山西省運(yùn)城市2022-2023學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期7月期末英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.〖答案〗是C。1.Wherewillthespeakersprobablygoonholiday?A.Toabeach.B.Toacitypark.C.Tothecountryside.2.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Finishherreport.B.Cleantheclassroom.C.Gotothedoctor’soffice.3.Howisthewomanfeeling?A.Hurt.B.Excited.C.Anxious.4.WhatdothespeakersdiscoveraboutDavid?A.Heishonest.B.Heisshy.C.Heisconfident.5.WhatdoesthemandowhenheneedshelpwithEnglish?A.Heusesatranslationapp.B.HecallshisEnglishfriend.C.Heusesapaperdictionary.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthemandoingnow?A.Readingabook.B.Planningaparty.C.Studyingforanexam.7.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Teachhertousethephone.B.Writeathank-youletter.C.Visithisgrandmother.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Howoftendoesthefestivaltakeplace?A.Everyday.B.Everymonth.C.Everyyear.9.WhatisnotallowedintheOldTownduringthefestival?A.Foods.B.Music.C.Vehicles.10.Whatisthemainreasonforthefestival?A.Tosaveelectricity.B.Tobringtouriststothesea.C.Tocelebratetraditionalculture.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inamuseum.B.Inacoffeeshop.C.Intheman’shouse.12.Whenwillthenextarteventtakeplace?A.Onthe20th.B.Onthe27th.C.Onthe28th.13.Whatcanvisitorsgetforfreeattheevent?A.Aticket.B.Anartwork.C.Drinksandsnacks.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatisthewoman’sproblem?A.Shecan’tfallasleepatnight.B.Shekeepswakingupatnight.C.Shefallsasleepduringtheday.15.Whatisthewoman’sjob?A.Sheisanofficeworker.B.Sheisascientist.C.Sheisateacher.16.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Takesleepmedicine.B.Drinklesscoffee.C.Changeherdiet.17.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inacafé.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inadoctor’soffice.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whattypeofcompetitionisthespeakertakingpartin?A.Aspeechcompetition.B.Aracingcompetition.C.Astorycompetition.19.Whateffectwilltherailwaybringaccordingtothespeaker’sresearch?A.Itisbadfornatureinthelongrun.B.Moregreenspaceswillbecreated.C.Morepeoplewillusecarstotravel.20.Howdoesthespeakerfeelabouttheplansnow?A.Unhappy.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AOverawaterfallinSouthwesternPennsylvaniaisadazzlinghouse,Fallingwater,byAmerica’smostfamousarchitect,FrankLloydWright,in1935.Theinstantitwasbuilt,itsweptthewholecountryandisrecognizedasaNationalHistoricLandmark.Highlyrecommended!GuidedHouseTourAllthemajorroomsofthehousefeatureinthisone-hourtour.Nophotographyalltheway.Childrensix-year-oldandabovecanaccessthehousewiththeirparents.Adults—$20.00withadvancepurchase—$23.00whenpurchasedonsiteYouth(ages6～12)——$14.00withadvancepurchase—$17.00whenpurchasedonsiteDailyfrom10:00amto4:00pm,exceptWednesday.In-DepthTourThetourcaterstothedemandofthosewhodesireagreaterunderstandingofwhatWrightwasseekingtocreatewithhismasterwork.Thenumberofvisitorsoneachtourislimitedandphotographyisavailableforpersonaluseonly.Childreneightyearsandoldermayaccompanyadultsonthistour.$65.00perperson(Availablebyadvanceticketpurchaseonly)Dailyfrom10:00amto4:00pm.SunsetTourThechanginglightatsunsetprovidesyouwithFallingwaterfromanentirelynewperspective.Thenumberofvisitorsislimitedandphotographyispermittedforpersonaluseonly.Childrenundernine-year-oldarenotpermittedonthistour.$110.00perperson(Availablebyadvanceticketpurchaseonly)JulyandAugust—Dailyat4:45pm.BrunchTourTheguestsjointheirguideforbrunchbeforeleaving.Childrennineyearsandolderareallowedwiththeirparents.Atotalofthreehourscanaffordthisexperience.$115.00perperson(Availablebyadvanceticketpurchaseonly)Saturdays&Sundaysat9:00am.1.Howmuchwillafatherandhis7-year-oldboyspendiftheybuyticketsaheadoftimefortheGuidedHouseTour?A.$34 B.$28 C.$40 D.$512.WhatcanweknowaboutSunsetTour?A.Visitorsarelimitedtoacertainnumber. B.ItisnotaccessibleinAugust.C.Itisonlyopenforteenagers. D.Theticketsareavailableonsite.3.Whatdothefourtoursmentionedhaveincommon?A.Takingphotosisforbidden. B.Brunchisfreeofcharge.C.Advancebookingisencouraged. D.Thepriceofticketsisthesame.〖答案〗1.A2.A3.C【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。本文主要介紹美國最著名的建筑師弗蘭克·勞埃德·賴特（FrankLloydWright）在賓夕法尼亞州西南部的瀑布上建造了一座名為Fallingwater的令人眼花繚亂的房子，在那里有四個(gè)旅行安排?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GuidedHouseTour部分“Adults—$20.00withadvancepurchase(成人——提前購買，20美元)”和“Youth(ages6～12)——$14.00withadvancepurchase(青年（6～12歲）——提前購買，14美元)”可知，提前購買的話，父親是成年人，需要20美元，7歲的男孩需要14美元，總共34美元。故選A。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SunsetTour部分“Thenumberofvisitorsislimited(參觀人數(shù)有限)”可知，在日落旅行中，參觀人數(shù)是有限制的。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)GuidedHouseTour部分“Adults—$20.00withadvancepurchase;—$23.00whenpurchasedonsite.Youth(ages6～12)——$14.00withadvancepurchase;—$17.00whenpurchasedonsite(成人——提前購買，20美元；現(xiàn)場購買時(shí)為23.00美元。青年（6～12歲）——提前購買，14美元；現(xiàn)場購買時(shí)17美元)”，In-DepthTour部分“$65.00perperson(Availablebyadvanceticketpurchaseonly)(65美元/人（僅限提前購票）)”，SunsetTour部分“$110.00perperson(Availablebyadvanceticketpurchaseonly)(110美元/人（僅限提前購票）)”，和BrunchTour部分“$115perperson(Availablebyadvanceticketpurchaseonly)(115美元/人（僅限提前購票）)”可知，這四個(gè)旅行提前訂票的價(jià)格便宜，所以都鼓勵(lì)提前訂票。故選C。BOccasionally,lifecanbeimpossiblydifficult,anditcanbehardtokeepgoing.Butyoualwayshaveachoice.In2012,Igotacallfrommyfamilysayingthatmyfather’scancerhadfiercelyprogressed.Hediedonlysixmonthslater.Myfatherwasacompleteinspirationtome.HewasalwayssostrongthatIhonestlythoughthewouldcomebacktolife.Icouldn’tbelieveIwouldneveragainhughim.Shortlyafterthat,myoldestsistercomplainedofabackache.Thedoctorsdiscoveredthatshehadhighlyadvancedcancerinherbonesandthattherewasnothingtheycoulddo.Shediedamonthlater.Shewasmyfavoritepersoninthewholeworld.IneverthoughtIwouldhavetolivewithouther.Iwasovercomebytheshockandextremeheartbreak.Then,somethingwaswrongwithmykneesandIendedupinthehospitalmyself.Irememberlyinginthehospitalbed,lookingupattheceilingandseeingmysister’sbeautifulface.IrealizedthatnightthatIhadachoice.IcouldendmylifeorIcouldliveit.Ilookedinmysister’seyesanddecidednottogowithherjustyet.Idecidedtostayandcompletemyjourneyhere.IalsodecidedthatIwouldlivethelifethatIabsolutelylongedfor.Inowliveinanadorablecottagewithanamazingboyfriend.IspendqualitytimewiththerestofmypreciousfamilyandcherisheverymomentIhavewiththem.IconnectwithmyheartoftentoensurethatIamfollowingmyjoy.Ilovemyselfmoredeeplyeveryday.NotadaygoesbywhenIdon’tmissmyfather’shugecharacterormybelovedsister’sgentleeyes,butIknowthatIwillbewiththemoneday.WhatIhavenowissopreciousthatImustgraspthejoyineverymomentIcan.Youchooselifeeveryday.Butdoyouchoosethelifethatyouloveeveryday?4.Whatdidtheauthoroncesufferfrom?A.Aheartattack. B.Abackache.C.Akneeproblem. D.Abonecancer.5.Howshouldthejoyinyourlifebedeterminedaccordingtothepassage?A.Byyourcareer. B.Byyourattitude.C.Byyourhealth. D.Byyourfamily.6.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribetheauthor?A.Lonelybutambitious. B.Miserablebuteasy-going.C.Hopelessbuthumorous. D.Unluckybutpositive.7.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.EscapetheFate B.LoveYourLifeC.MakeaLiving D.RememberEveryMoment〖答案〗4.C5.B6.D7.B【語篇解讀】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述作者的父親和姐姐相繼離去，給她帶來了巨大的打擊。但她從痛苦中掙扎過來，對生活有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)，并決心要好好享受生活中的每一點(diǎn)快樂，珍惜生活中的每分每秒。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Then,somethingwaswrongwithmykneesandIendedupinthehospitalmyself.(然后，我的膝蓋出了問題，我自己也住進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。)”可知，作者的膝蓋曾經(jīng)出了問題。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“IrealizedthatnightthatIhadachoice.IcouldendmylifeorIcouldliveit.Ilookedinmysister’seyesanddecidednottogowithherjustyet.Idecidedtostayandcompletemyjourneyhere.IalsodecidedthatIwouldlivethelifethatIabsolutelylongedfor.(那天晚上我意識(shí)到我有一個(gè)選擇。我可以結(jié)束我的生命，也可以活下去。我看著姐姐的眼睛，決定暫時(shí)不和她一起去。我決定留下來，在這里完成我的旅程。我還決定，我會(huì)過上我絕對渴望的生活。)”可知，在作者看來，態(tài)度決定生活。故選B。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“In2012,Igotacallfrommyfamilysayingthatmyfather’scancerhadfiercelyprogressed.Hediedonlysixmonthslater.Myfatherwasacompleteinspirationtome.HewasalwayssostrongthatIhonestlythoughthewouldcomebacktolife.Icouldn’tbelieveIwouldneveragainhughim.(2012年，我接到家人的電話，說我父親的癌癥病情嚴(yán)重惡化。僅僅六個(gè)月后他就去世了。我的父親給了我很大的啟發(fā)。他總是那么堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，我真的以為他會(huì)復(fù)活的。我不敢相信我再也不能擁抱他了。)”和第三段“Shortlyafterthat,myoldestsistercomplainedofabackache.Thedoctorsdiscoveredthatshehadhighlyadvancedcancerinherbonesandthattherewasnothingtheycoulddo.Shediedamonthlater.Shewasmyfavoritepersoninthewholeworld.IneverthoughtIwouldhavetolivewithouther.Iwasovercomebytheshockandextremeheartbreak.Then,somethingwaswrongwithmykneesandIendedupinthehospitalmyself.(不久之后，我的姐姐抱怨背痛。醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)她骨骼中患有晚期癌癥，他們無能為力。一個(gè)月后，她去世了。她是全世界我最喜歡的人。我從沒想過沒有她我會(huì)活下去。我被震驚和極度的心碎所壓倒。然后，我的膝蓋出了問題，我自己也住進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。)”可知，作者很不幸。根據(jù)第四段“IrealizedthatnightthatIhadachoice.IcouldendmylifeorIcouldliveit.Ilookedinmysister’seyesanddecidednottogowithherjustyet.Idecidedtostayandcompletemyjourneyhere.IalsodecidedthatIwouldlivethelifethatIabsolutelylongedfor.(那天晚上我意識(shí)到我有一個(gè)選擇。我可以結(jié)束我的生命，也可以活下去。我看著姐姐的眼睛，決定暫時(shí)不和她一起去。我決定留下來，在這里完成我的旅程。我還決定，我會(huì)過上我絕對渴望的生活。)”可知，作者在經(jīng)歷過傷痛之后仍然積極樂觀地生活。故選D?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Youchooselifeeveryday.Butdoyouchoosethelifethatyouloveeveryday?(你每天都在選擇生活。但是你會(huì)選擇你每天都熱愛的生活嗎？)”可知，這篇文章作者想要表達(dá)的意思是要熱愛生活。故選B。CEndangeredpolarbearsarebreeding(繁殖)withgrizzlybears(灰熊),creating“pizzly”bears,whichisbeingdrivenbyclimatechange,scientistssay.AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins,starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth,wheretheymeetgrizzlies,whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.Andwiththatgrowingcontactbetweenthetwocomeincreasinghybrids(雜交種).Withcharacteristicsthatcouldgivethehybridsanadvantageinwarmingnorthernhabitats,somescientistsguessthattheycouldbeheretostay.“Usually,hybridsaren'tbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthantheirparents,butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources,”LarisaDeSantis,anassociateprofessorofbiologicalsciencesatVanderbiltUniversity,toldLiveScience.Theriseof“pizzly”bearsappearswithpolarbears'decline:theirnumbersareestimatedtodecreasebymorethan30%inthenext30years.Thissuddenfallislinkedpartlyto“pizzly”bearstakinguppolarbears'ranges,wheretheyoutcompetethem,butalsotopolarbears'highlyspecializeddiets.“PolarbearsmainlyconsumedsoftfoodsevenduringtheMedievalWarmPeriod,apreviousperiodofrapidwarming,”DeSantissaid,referringtofatmealssuchasseals.“Althoughallofthesestarvingpolarbearsaretryingtofindalternativefoodsources,likeseabirdeggs,itcouldbeatippingpointfortheirsurvival.”Actually,thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingforthem.Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.“We'rehavingmassiveimpactswithclimatechangeonspecies,”DeSantissaid.“Thepolarbearistellingushowbadthingsare.Insomesense,“pizzly”bearscouldbeasadbutnecessarycompromisegivencurrentwarmingtrends.”8.Whydopolarbearsmovefurthersouth?A.Tocreatehybrids. B.Toexpandterritory.C.Torelievehunger. D.Tocontactgrizzlies.9.Whatmakes“pizzly”bearsadapttonaturalsurroundingsbetterthantheirparents?A.Broaderhabitats. B.Morefoodoptions.C.Climatepreference. D.Improvedbreedingability.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“atippingpoint”inparagraph5referto?A.Ararechance. B.Acriticalstage.C.Apositivefactor. D.Aconstantchange.11.What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.Polarbearsarechangingdietsforclimatechange.B.Polarbearshavealreadyadjustedtoclimatechange.C.“Pizzly”bearsareontherisebecauseofglobalwarming.D.“Pizzly”bearshavereplacedpolarbearsforglobalwarming.〖答案〗8.C9.B10.B11.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了由于氣候變暖，瀕危北極熊正在與灰熊一起繁殖，創(chuàng)造出“小灰熊”，雜交的“小灰熊”數(shù)量正在增加，這說明全球氣候正在變得更糟糕?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins,starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth,wheretheymeetgrizzlies,whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.”（隨著世界變暖和北極海冰變薄，饑餓的北極熊被迫越來越向南，在那里它們遇到灰熊，灰熊的活動(dòng)范圍正在向北擴(kuò)展。）可知北極熊向南遷移是為了緩解饑餓。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“'Usually,hybridsaren'tbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthantheirparents,butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources,'LarisaDeSantis,anassociateprofessorofbiologicalsciencesatVanderbiltUniversity,toldLiveScience.”（范德比爾特大學(xué)（VanderbiltUniversity）生物科學(xué)副教授拉里薩·德桑蒂斯（LarisaDeSantis）對《生活科學(xué)》（LiveScience）說：“通常情況下，雜交種并不比它們的父母更適合它們的環(huán)境，但這些雜交種能夠?qū)ふ腋鼜V泛的食物來源。”。）可知更多的食物選擇讓“小熊”比它們的父母更能適應(yīng)自然環(huán)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段劃線詞后文“Actually,thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingforthem.”（事實(shí)上，他們從這些來源獲得的熱量并不能抵消他們在尋找這些來源時(shí)燃燒的熱量。）及下一句“Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.”（這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)棲息地準(zhǔn)備好讓雜交熊遷入并接管，如果北極熊被取代，將導(dǎo)致生物多樣性的損失。）可知，無法找到食物來源，北極熊很可能被灰熊取代，處于生存的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。劃線句“Althoughallofthesestarvingpolarbearsaretryingtofindalternativefoodsources,likeseabirdeggs,itcouldbeatippingpointfortheirsurvival.”（盡管所有這些饑餓的北極熊都在努力尋找其他食物來源，比如海鳥蛋，但這可能是它們生存的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。），beatippingpoint“轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)”，相當(dāng)于Acriticalstage（關(guān)鍵階段）。故選B項(xiàng)。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Endangeredpolarbearsarebreedingwithgrizzlybears,creating“pizzly”bears,whichisbeingdrivenbyclimatechange,scientistssay.”（科學(xué)家稱，受氣候變化的驅(qū)動(dòng)，瀕危北極熊正在與灰熊一起繁殖，創(chuàng)造出“小灰熊”。）和倒數(shù)第二段“Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.”（這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)棲息地準(zhǔn)備好讓雜交熊遷入并接管，如果北極熊被取代，將導(dǎo)致生物多樣性的損失。）以及文章大意，可知由于全球變暖，“小熊”的數(shù)量正在上升。故選C項(xiàng)。DHaveyoueverbeeninmid-conversationwithsomeone,whenyoulookoverandfindthemstandinginthesamepositionasyouorholdingthesamefacialexpression?Itmayseemliketheyhaveconsciously(有意識(shí)地)copiedyou,butitismuchmorelikelythatitisthechameleon(變色龍)effectatplay.Thechameleoneffectistheunconsciousimitation(模仿)ofanotherperson’sgesturesorbehaviour.Justasachameleonattemptstomatchanyenvironment’scolours,peopleacquirethebehaviourofotherstobringthemclosertogetherandhelpmaketheirinteractionssmooth.ThechameleoneffectwasconfirmedinanexperimentbypsychologistsJohnBarghandTanyaChartrandin1999.Thefirstpartoftheirexperimentincluded78people,whoeachspokewithanexperimenter.Duringthetest,BarghandChartrandstudiedwhetherparticipantswouldcopytheactionsofsomeonetheyhadn’tmetbefore,likemovingthefootandtouchingtheface.Thesecondpartmeasuredtheimpactthatcopyingsomeonehasonthepersonbeingimitated.Inthefirststage,participantsincreasedtheirfacetouchingby20%andtheirfootmovementby50%whileinconversationaboutaphotographwiththeexperimenter.Theindividualsweren’tawareofwhattheywerebeingstudiedfor,andthephotographwasusedtocatchtheirattentiontoensureunconsciousacts.Thesecondstageinvolvedhalfoftheparticipantsbeingcopied,andthendeterminingthelikeabilityoftheexperimenter.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhowereimitatedscoredtheexperimenterhigher.Ithasshownthatwhensomeonecopiesourbehaviour,wedevelopmorepositivefeelingsaboutthem.Theseinteractionscouldbeapersonunconsciouslywillingtobeliked,andformingamomentofconnection.Themainreasonsbehindhumans’imitationarepositive.However,whenpeoplecarrythischameleoneffecttotheextreme,theycanlosetheirsenseofself.Thosewhochangetheirentirepersonalitiesindifferentgroupsoftengounnoticed.Butmorecommonsignsofthechameleoneffectareeasiertonotice.Nexttimeyouareinasocialgathering,takealookaroundandyoumightjustseesomechameleonsforyourself.12.Whydopeopleacquireothers’behavior?A.Tograbothers’attention. B.Tobuildabondwithothers.C.Toadjusttothesurroundings. D.Tomatchtheenvironment’scolour.13.Howdidtheexperimenterensureparticipants’unconsciousbehaviors?A.Byhidingacamerafromthem.B.Bykeepingacloseeyeontheiractions.C.Bydistractingtheirattentionfromaphoto.D.Bydirectingtheirattentiontoaphoto.14.Whatcanbeconcludedfromtheexperiment?A.Toomuchofthechameleoneffectcanbepositive.B.Peopleimitatingothersarenoteasytobeobserved.C.Peopletendtoappreciateothersimitatingtheirbehavior.D.Thecopiedmovementshelppeopletofeellessanxious.15.Whichofthefollowingreflectsthechameleoneffectaccordingtothepassage?A.Acomediancopiesacelebrityvividlyonstage.B.Closefriendssharesimilarbehaviorsovertime.C.Studentsadoptteachers’accentsforfuninsecret.D.Peoplechangetheirhabitstocheerupothersonpurpose.〖答案〗12.B13.D14.C15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于變色龍效應(yīng)的研究，告訴我們?nèi)藗兺ㄟ^習(xí)得他人的行為來拉近彼此之間的距離，順暢互動(dòng)。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thechameleoneffectistheunconsciousimitation(模仿)ofanotherperson’sgesturesorbehaviour.Justasachameleonattemptstomatchanyenvironment’scolours,peopleacquirethebehaviourofotherstobringthemclosertogetherandhelpmaketheirinteractionssmooth.(變色龍效應(yīng)是指無意識(shí)地模仿他人的手勢或行為。就像變色龍?jiān)噲D與任何環(huán)境的顏色相匹配一樣，人們通過習(xí)得他人的行為來拉近彼此之間的距離，幫助他們順暢地互動(dòng))”可知，人們?yōu)榱伺c他人建立聯(lián)系，會(huì)習(xí)得他人的行為。故選B?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Inthefirststage,participantsincreasedtheirfacetouchingby20%andtheirfootmovementby50%whileinconversationaboutaphotographwiththeexperimenter.Theindividualsweren’tawareofwhattheywerebeingstudiedfor,andthephotographwasusedtocatchtheirattentiontoensureunconsciousacts.(在第一階段，參與者在與實(shí)驗(yàn)者談?wù)撘粡堈掌瑫r(shí)，觸摸臉部的次數(shù)增加了20%，腳的動(dòng)作增加了50%。這些人并不知道他們被研究的目的是什么，照片被用來吸引他們的注意力，以確保他們無意識(shí)的行為)”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)者用一張照片吸引參與者的注意力來保證他們的無意識(shí)行為，故選D?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Ithasshownthatwhensomeonecopiesourbehaviour,wedevelopmorepositivefeelingsaboutthem.Theseinteractionscouldbeapersonunconsciouslywillingtobeliked,andformingamomentofconnection.(研究表明，當(dāng)有人模仿我們的行為時(shí)，我們會(huì)對他們產(chǎn)生更積極的感覺。這些互動(dòng)可能是一個(gè)人無意識(shí)地愿意被喜歡，并形成了一個(gè)連接的時(shí)刻)”可推斷出，實(shí)驗(yàn)表明人們傾向于喜歡模仿自己行為的人。故選C?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thechameleoneffectistheunconsciousimitation(模仿)ofanotherperson’sgesturesorbehaviour.Justasachameleonattemptstomatchanyenvironment’scolours,peopleacquirethebehaviourofotherstobringthemclosertogetherandhelpmaketheirinteractionssmooth.(變色龍效應(yīng)是指無意識(shí)地模仿他人的手勢或行為。就像變色龍?jiān)噲D與任何環(huán)境的顏色相匹配一樣，人們通過習(xí)得他人的行為來拉近彼此之間的距離，幫助他們順暢地互動(dòng))”可知，隨著時(shí)間的推移，朋友之間有相似的行為是變色龍行為，是因?yàn)樗麄兘?jīng)常在一起相處無意識(shí)的互相模仿。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，其中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Sportscanhelpcontributetoahealthybodyandgetyouclosetonature.However,whetheryouareonthemountains,inthewaves,oronthegrassland,youshouldbeawarethatyoursportofchoicemighthavegreatimpactontheenvironment.____16____Golf,asyoumayknow,eatsupnotonlylargeareasofcountryside,butalsotonsofwater.Besides,allsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses(球場)ingoodcondition.____17____Forexample,inthedryregionsofPortugalandSpain,golfisoftenheld,responsibleforseriouswatershortageinsomelocalareas.Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports.____18____Youdon’tneedanyspecialequipmentexceptagoodpairofshoes;andyoudon’thavetoworryaboutresourcesandyourpurse.Simpleandfree,itcanalsokeepyoufit.____19____Expertssaythat20minutesdailycanmakeyoufeellessanxious,sleepwellandhavebetterweightcontrol.Whateversportyoutakeup,youcanmakeitgreenerbyusingenvironment-friendlyequipmentandbuyingproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Butthefinalgoalshouldbe“greengyms”.Theyarebetterreplacementsfortraditionalhealthclubsandmodernsportscenters.Membersofgreengymsplaysportsoutdoors,inthecountrysideorotheropenspaces.____20____Andbestofall,it’sfree.A.Itwillcostyoualot.B.Somesportsareresource-hungry.C.Thiscausesmajorenvironmentaleffects.D.Powerwalkingisoneofthemthatyoucouldtakeuptoday.E.Thereisnospecialrequirementforyoutostartyourmembership.F.Ifyouwalkonaregularbasis,itwillbenefityourheartandbones.G.Moreandmorepeopleareconcernedaboutenvironmentalprotection〖答案〗16.B17.C18.D19.F20.E【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了一些影響環(huán)境的娛樂項(xiàng)目，以及對環(huán)境影響較小的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，最后鼓勵(lì)人們參加那些環(huán)保型，耗費(fèi)資源少的項(xiàng)目來保護(hù)環(huán)境?！?6題詳析】下文“Golf,asyoumayknow,eatsupnotonlylargeareasofcountryside,butalsotonsofwater.(你可能知道，高爾夫不僅會(huì)消耗大片的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)，還會(huì)消耗大量的水資源。)”以高爾夫這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)為例來說明有些運(yùn)動(dòng)消耗資源，B項(xiàng)“有些運(yùn)動(dòng)是資源消耗型的?！狈?，引起下文，故選B?！?7題詳析】上文“Besides,allsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses(球場)ingoodcondition.(此外，各種各樣的化學(xué)藥品和巨大的能源被用來保持良好的狀態(tài)。)”指出各種各樣的化學(xué)藥品和巨大的能源被用來保持良好的狀態(tài)，空處承接上文，指出這樣做的后果，C項(xiàng)“這會(huì)對環(huán)境造成重大影響。”符合，故選C?！?8題詳析】上文“Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports(有許多環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng))”指出有許多環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)，空處承接上文，D項(xiàng)“競走是你今天可以從事的項(xiàng)目之一?！敝赋龈傋呤黔h(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)之一，故選D?！?9題詳析】上文“Simpleandfree,itcanalsokeepyoufit.(簡單，免費(fèi)，它也可以讓你保持健康。)”指出競走的好處，下文“Expertssaythat20minutesdailycanmakeyoufeellessanxious,sleepwellandhavebetterweightcontrol.(專家說，每天20分鐘可以讓你感覺不那么焦慮，睡眠良好，并有更好的體重控制。)”指出每天有規(guī)律的競走的好處，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“如果你經(jīng)常走路，對你的心臟和骨骼都有好處。”符合，進(jìn)一步闡述了競走的好處，同時(shí)引起下文，其中“walkonaregularbasis”和下文“20minutesdaily”相呼應(yīng)，故選F?！?0題詳析】上文“Butthefinalgoalshouldbe“greengyms”.Theyarebetterreplacementsfortraditionalhealthclubsandmodernsportscenters.Membersofgreengymsplaysportsoutdoors,inthecountrysideorotheropenspaces.(但最終目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是“綠色健身房”。它們是傳統(tǒng)健身俱樂部和現(xiàn)代體育中心的更好替代品。綠色健身房的成員在戶外、鄉(xiāng)村或其他開放空間進(jìn)行體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。)”和下文“Andbestofall,it’sfree.(最棒的是，它是免費(fèi)的。)”都在說綠色健身房的好處，由此可知，空處也應(yīng)描述綠色健身房的好處，E項(xiàng)“開始成為會(huì)員并沒有特別的要求?！狈?，故選E。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Inmanyways,GitanjaliRaoisanordinary11-year-old,livelyandchatty,yetherscientificspiritmakesahugedifference.Lastmonth,she____21____thetopprizeattheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallengeforherinvention.What____22____Gitanjali’sworkwasthathercityfacedawateremergencywithtoomuchleadinitswater.“Theideadidn’toccurtome____23____Isawmyparentstrytodowatertests.Theteststripsmayshowinaccurateresults,whichweren’tvery____24____,”sherecalls.Shethensearchedforsuitablematerialswithcontinuedeffortsand____25____foundthatcarbonnanotube(納米管)sensorscanbeusedtosensechemicals.Gitanjali____26____tobuildasmallbluehoseusingthe3Dprinteratherschoolwithcomputerchipsandabatteryinside.Afreeapp,whichGitanjalidesignedunder____27____fromhercomputerscienceteacher,givesinstantresultsandsendsthedatatoalinkedphonethroughanattacheddevice.Theprocessofdesigningherprojectwasn’talways____28___,though.KathleenShafer,ascientistpairedwithGitanjali____29____herteacherinsummer,_____30_____alongtheway.Intheawardceremony,Gitanjalialsoexpressed_____31_____toherparentsforconstantsupportand_____32_____totry“crazyideas”.Gitanjalireceived$25,000tofurtherdevelopherprogramalongwiththegreat_____33_____ofwinningthecontest.AccordingtoShafer,who_____34_____Gitanjali,“sheshowsalotofmotivationtosolve_____35_____issuesthroughscience”.21.A.offered B.earned C.designed D.presented22.A.exposed B.improved C.inspired D.defined23.A.when B.until C.after D.although24.A.reliable B.disappointing C.predictable D.unbelievable25.A.initially B.immediately C.temporarily D.eventually26.A.pretended B.promised C.managed D.happened27.A.pressure B.command C.instruction D.control28.A.rough B.smooth C.complex D.challenging29.A.as B.to C.from D.after30.A.applauded B.assisted C.criticised D.followed31.A.gratitude B.praise C.concern D.apology32.A.threat B.request C.struggle D.encouragement33.A.honor B.intention C.potential D.announcement34.A.keepsupwith B.getsalongwith C.speaksillof D.thinksmuchof35.A.commercial B.academic C.practical D.systematic〖答案〗21.B22.C23.B24.A25.D26.C27.C28.B29.A30.B31.A32.D33.A34.D35.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)導(dǎo)了11歲的普通女孩Gitanjali不平凡的故事，她發(fā)明出檢測水中鉛含量的設(shè)備，獲得探索教育3M青年科學(xué)家挑戰(zhàn)賽的最高獎(jiǎng)?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：上個(gè)月，她的發(fā)明獲得了探索教育3M青年科學(xué)家挑戰(zhàn)賽的最高獎(jiǎng)。A.offered提供；B.earned獲得；C.designed設(shè)計(jì)；D.presented提出。根據(jù)下文“Gitanjalireceived$25,000tofurtherdevelopherprogramalongwiththegreat____13____ofwinningthecontest.”可知，她的發(fā)明獲了比賽的最高獎(jiǎng)。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：啟發(fā)Gitanjali創(chuàng)作靈感的是，她所在的城市面臨著水鉛超標(biāo)的緊急情況。A.exposed暴露；B.improved改進(jìn)；C.inspired啟發(fā)；D.defined定義。根據(jù)下文“hercityfacedawateremergencywithtoomuchleadinitswater”可知，她所在的城市面臨著水鉛超標(biāo)的緊急情況，因此這種情況啟發(fā)了Gitanjali的創(chuàng)作靈感，要做出一個(gè)東西來解決這個(gè)問題。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：直到我看到父母試著做水測試，我才有了這個(gè)想法。A.when何時(shí)；B.until直到；C.after在……之后；D.although雖然。根據(jù)上文“didn’t”和下文“Isawmyparentstrytodowatertests”可推知，until“直到”符合語境，和not搭配構(gòu)成not…until…的固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“直到……才……”，此處表示Gitanjali是直到看到父母試著做水測試，才有了這個(gè)想法的。故選B?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：試紙可能會(huì)顯示不準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)果，這不是很可靠。A.reliable可靠的；B.disappointing令人失望的；C.predictable可預(yù)測的；D.unbelievable難以置信的。根據(jù)上文“Theteststripsmayshowinaccurateresults”可知，試紙可能顯示不準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)果，因此不是很可靠。故選A。【25題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，她不斷努力尋找合適的材料，最終發(fā)現(xiàn)碳納米管傳感器可以用來感知化學(xué)物質(zhì)。A.initially最初；B.immediately立即；C.temporarily暫時(shí)；D.eventually最終。根據(jù)上文“Shethensearchedforsuitablematerialswithcontinuedefforts”可知，她不斷努力尋找合適的材料，因此是最終才發(fā)現(xiàn)了碳納米管傳感器這種合適的材料。故選D?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Gitanjali用學(xué)校的3D打印機(jī)成功制作了一個(gè)藍(lán)色的小軟管，里面有電腦芯片和電池。A.prete