中考英語復習基礎知識快速速記之現(xiàn)在完成時淺析

現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)Thepresentperfecttense名稱時間動動詞形式一般現(xiàn)在時平時，經常一般過去時過去（與現(xiàn)在無關）一般將來時現(xiàn)在進行時即將，計劃此刻正在進行過去進行時過去某一時間正在進行1.v.2.v+s/es（三單現(xiàn)）

am/is/are+v-ing1.will/shall+v.2.am/is/aregoingto+v.1.v-ed（規(guī)則動詞）2.不規(guī)則動詞was/were+v-ing判斷下列句子的時態(tài)1.Sheworksinafactory.2.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.3.WearegoingtohaveapicnicthisSunday.4.Theyheldasportsmeetinglastweek.5.Weare

helpingcleanthecityparknow.一般現(xiàn)在時過去進行時一般將來時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時助動詞否定haven’thasn’t疑問Haveyou…?Hashe…?

現(xiàn)在完成時動詞構成

have/has+v過去分詞have/has為助動詞，沒有實在的意義，?？梢耘c前面的名詞或代詞縮寫。如Mikehas=Mike's,theyhave=they've.助動詞要和主語的人稱、數(shù)保持一致。I_______alreadyreadLittleWoman.Tina______decidedtowriteaboutTreasureIsland.havehas現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)Ihavepostedthephotos.我已經把這些照片郵寄了。Ihavelivedherefortwoyears.Ihavelivedheresince2018/twoyearsago.1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。2.表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。常與for或since引起的一段時間狀語連用。郵寄的動作發(fā)生在過去，并且已經完成，帶來的結果是這些照片已經不在我這里了。居住的動作從兩年前或2018年開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。翻譯.(English===>Chinese)finish,homeworkIhavefinishedmyhomework.Hehasfinishedhishomework.haven’tHashe...Yes

,

hehas.No,hehasn’t.1.翻譯1)我已經寫完作業(yè)了；

2)他已經寫完作業(yè)了.2.第一句變成否定句；3.第二句變成一般疑問句并回答。？He___________inthiscityeversincethen.(live)現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞haslivedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyeversincethenHehasgonetoShanghai.他(已經)去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾經)去過上海。易混點

have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetoHewenttoShanghailastweek.

他(曾經)到/去過上海

[在他人生中曾經有過這樣的經歷,但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了]他已經去上海了

[也許剛動身出發(fā),也許已經到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今為止已經10年了[現(xiàn)在還在上海工作學習]辨析這些句子由時態(tài)導致的含義上的差別canyoudistinguish?have/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin去過常與ever,never,once,twice,連用在…與時間段連用用howlong提問去了說話時某人不在只用于第三人稱

Hersister_____________Australia.Sheleftthismorning.hasgoneto

1.A:______yourbrother_________anewwatch?(buy)B:Notyet.2.A:_______youever_______tothepark?(be)B:Yes,Iwenttherelastsummer.3.I______never______ofanythinglikethat.(hear)4.TomHe___________inthefactorysinceheleftschooltenyearsago.(work)5.A:Howlong______you________inthisschool?(teach)B:For6years.6.I______just________thedesk,youcantakeittoyourclassroom.(mend)7._______you_______theForbiddenCity(紫禁城)before?(visit)8.He____already______ajob.(find)9.We_______only____________thefirstfivequestionssofar.(discuss)10.Greatchanges_________________inBeijinginthepast10years.(takeplace)11.I_________________himrecently.(nothearfrom)Key

wordsHasbought

yetHavebeen

haveheard

hasworked

havetaughthavemended

Havevisitedhasfoundhavediscussedhavetakenplacehaven’theardfromhave/hasbeento去過，已經回來了have/hasgoneto去了，還未回來have/hasbeenin在...，和時間段連用hasgoneto

1.A:WhereisBob?B:He____________Japanwithhissister.2.A:Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.Where____you_____?B:I_____________theUnitedStates.have

beenhavebeento

3.A:Howlong____you_______China?B:I_________herefor3years.havebeeninhavebeen4.A:_____youever________thecity?B:No,never.Have

beento5.We____________Germanymanytimesinthepast3years.havebeentohave/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin1.Bill________________

London,hewillcomebacktomorrow.

2.A:Wherearethetwins?B:They______________

thecinema.3.I_____________

Paristwice.Hehasneverbeenthere.4.A:_____youever____________

America?B:No,never.5.A:Howlong_____you________China?B:Foroneyear.6.HeleftforEnglandtwodaysago.He___________therefortwodays.hasgoneto

havegonetohavebeentoHavebeentohave

beenin

hasbeen

since用來說明動作起始時間（時間點）—“自從……”for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度（時間段）—“長達……”IhavelearnedEnglishfortwoyears.IhavelearnedEnglishsincetwoyearsago.IhavelearnedEnglishsince2015.IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIwasamiddleschoolstudent.注意：并非有for作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時

Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.

(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)

Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.

(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)

比較since和forfor+表示一段時間的詞組，since+表示過去某一時刻的詞或詞組）謂語只可用延續(xù)性動詞.eg.---I’velivedherefor15years.eg.---I’velivedheresince15yearsago/(2002).選用for和since填空:1.______alongtime

2.______10yearsago.3.______4hours4.______hecametoChina.5._____19996.______3o’clock7.______yesterday8.______lastmonth9.______wewerechildrenforforsincesincesincesincesincesincesinceItis+時間段

since+一般過去時的句子.10.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.=It__________fiveyears_________wemetlasttime.=Fiveyears_____________________wemetlasttime.sincehasbeensincehaspassedsince注意:瞬間動詞不能和時間段連用.如：come，go，join，leave，buy等，在完成時態(tài)中不能與for,since短語或Howlong等引起的時間狀語連用。

瞬間動詞joinborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy··········begin/stratHehasboughtthebook.Hehasboughtthebookforaweek.Hehashadthebookforaweek.

buyhave/hashadcometohave/hasbeeningotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldierleavehave/hasbeenawayborrowhave/haskeptbeginhave/hasbeenonfinishhave/hasbeenoverdiehave/hasbeendeadmarry

have/hasbeenmarried瞬間動詞轉換成延續(xù)性動詞Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect1.Shehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears.2.HowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates？3.AnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago.4.IhavegottoParisforoneweek.5.Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.6.IhaveleftShanghaifor3days.7.Ihaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago.8.Thefilmhasbegunfor10minutes.9.Theconcerthasfinishedforhalfanhour.10.Hisdoghasdiedfortwoyears.

11.Shehasmarriedforsixyears.hadbeeninbeeninbeenasoliderbeeninbeeninbeenawaykeptbeenonbeenoverbeendeadbeenmarried改寫句子1.Myfathercamebackfromthebookshopjustnow.Myfather______just______________thebookshop.2.HebegantolearnChinesein2001.He____________Chinesesince2001.3.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm_________________sincetwominutesago.4.Hehashadthemotorbikefortwoyears.It’stwoyears______he________themotorbike.He________themotorbiketwoyears______.Twoyears____________sincehe______themotorbikehasreturnedfromhaslearnedhasbeenon

sinceboughtboughtagohaspassedbought現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作到現(xiàn)在已完成或存在的狀態(tài)，并對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，強調的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，例如：yesterday，lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990等。一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的事和狀態(tài)，強調過去的動作，它可以和示過去的時間狀語連用，例如：yesterday，lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990等。Hehaslivedheresince1992.1992年以來他一直住在這里。（他現(xiàn)在還住在這里）Helivedherein1992.1992年他居住在這里。（不涉及到他現(xiàn)在是否還住在這里）Thepasttenseorthepresentperfecttensehaveknown

knew

1.We______________eachothersincechildhood.(know)2.We__________eachotherwhenwewereyoung.(know)3.I________himjustnow.(see)saw

4.I______just_____mypen.(lose)have

lost

5.Howlong______you______intheUnitedStates?(live)have

lived

6.When_____you______here?(move)did

move

7.A:When______you______thefilm?B:I____ittwomonthsago.(see)did

see

saw

8.Thewriter_____________severalstory-bookssince5yearsago.(finish)hasfinished

動詞填空：1.A：_____you________(clean)theroom?B:Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.A:When_______you______(do)it?B:We_______(do)itanhourago.2.A:______he______(see)thisfilmyet?B:Yes.A:When_____he_____(see)it?B:He______itlastweek.3.A:Howmanytimes_____you______(come)here?B:Once.HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseehavecomesaw4.I_________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.9.He________(keep)thebooksincetwodaysago.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgaveHaveriddenhaskeptFillintheblankswiththesimplepresent,simplepastorpresentperfecttenseoftheverbsI____(be)ItheU.S.now.I___________(live)hereforon