標準試驗方法膠帶法測量附著力

Designation:D3359–02名稱：D3359-02StandardTestMethodsforMeasuringAdhesionbyTapeTest1ASTMD3359-09標準實驗方法膠帶法測量附著力ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD3359;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.這個標準是D3359擬定了以后發(fā)行的。數(shù)字代表名稱最初通過的時間，或者修訂情況，和最新版本。括號內(nèi)的數(shù)字代表最新重新審批時間。上標代表最新版本的變化或重新審批。ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.該標準已經(jīng)被國防機構(gòu)部門批準使用。1.Scope范圍1.1Thesetestmethodscoverproceduresforassessingtheadhesionofcoatingfilmstometallicsubstratesbyapplyingandremovingpressure-sensitivetapeovercutsmadeinthefilm.本標準提出的實驗方法是規(guī)定通過在漆膜切割區(qū)施加和撕離壓敏膠帶的方式，對漆膜與金屬底材之間的附著力進行評估的程序1.2TestMethodAisprimarilyintendedforuseatjobsiteswhileTestMethodBismoresuitableforuseinthelaboratory.Also,TestMethodBisnotconsideredsuitableforfilmsthickerthan5mils(125μm).實驗方法A重要是供工作場合用，而實驗方法B更適合實驗室使用。實驗方法B被視為不適合厚度超過5毫英寸（125微米）的漆膜。NOTE1—Subjecttoagreementbetweenthepurchaserandtheseller,TestMethodBcanbeusedforthickerfilmsifwiderspacedcutsareemployed.注1-根據(jù)買賣雙方的協(xié)議，假如切割間距較寬，漆膜較厚時可采用實驗方法B。1.3Thesetestmethodsareusedtoestablishwhethertheadhesionofacoatingtoasubstrateisatagenerallyadequatelevel.Theydonotdistinguishbetweenhigherlevelsofadhesionforwhichmoresophisticatedmethodsofmeasurementarerequired.本標準規(guī)定的實驗方法用于總體鑒定涂層與底材之間的附著力是否達成足夠的水平。假如附著力較高，本標準規(guī)定的實驗方法無法精確地區(qū)分附著力的差別，需要使用更精確的測量方法。NOTE2—Itshouldberecognizedthatdifferencesinadherabilityofthecoatingsurfacecanaffecttheresultsobtainedwithcoatingshavingthesameinherentadhesion.注2-應當注意到，涂層內(nèi)在附著力相同的情況下，涂覆面附著性的差別會影響測量結(jié)果。1.4Inmulticoatsystemsadhesionfailuremayoccurbetweencoatssothattheadhesionofthecoatingsystemtothesubstrateisnotdetermined.多層涂層體系也許出現(xiàn)層間脫落，無法擬定涂層體系與底材之間的附著力。1.5ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.SI單位的數(shù)值被視為標準，括號內(nèi)的數(shù)值僅供參考.1.6Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.本標準并沒有指出與其使用相關(guān)的所有安全事項。本標準的用戶應負責在使用之前采用適當?shù)陌踩托l(wèi)生措施，并擬定各項管理限制條件的合用性2.ReferencedDocuments參考文獻2.1ASTMStandards:美國材料與實驗協(xié)會標準D609PracticeforPreparationofCold-RolledSteelPanelsforTestingPaint,Varnish,ConversionCoatings,andRelatedCoatingProducts2D609-涂料,清漆,轉(zhuǎn)化涂層和相關(guān)覆層產(chǎn)品的測試-用冷軋鋼板制備的標準實行規(guī)范D823PracticesforProducingFilmsofUniformThicknessofPaint,Varnish,andRelatedProductsonTestPanels2D823-色漆,清漆,噴漆及有關(guān)產(chǎn)品制成厚度均勻漆膜試片的方法D1000TestMethodForPressure-SensitiveAdhesive-CoatedTapesUsedforElectricalandElectronicApplications3D1000-電氣設備用壓合敏感膠粘劑涂覆帶的實驗方法D1730PracticesforPreparationofAluminumandAluminum-AlloySurfacesforPainting4D1730-涂漆用鋁和鋁合金表面預解決標準實行規(guī)范D2092GuideforPreparationofZinc-Coated(Galvanized)SteelSurfacesforPainting5D2092-用于涂漆的鍍鋅鋼材表面預解決的標準指南D2370TestMethodforTensilePropertiesofOrganicCoatings2D2370-有機涂層抗拉性能的標準實驗方法。D3330TestMethodforPeelAdhesionofPressure-SensitiveTape6D3330-壓敏膠帶剝離強度測試標準D3924SpecificationforStandardEnvironmentforConditioningandTestingPaint,Varnish,Lacquer,andRelatedMaterials2D3924-色漆,清漆,噴漆和相關(guān)物質(zhì)狀態(tài)調(diào)節(jié)和實驗用標準環(huán)境規(guī)范D4060TestMethodforAbrasionResistanceofOrganicCoatingsbytheTaberAbraser2D4060-用泰伯爾磨蝕機測定有機涂層耐磨性的標準實驗方法3.SummaryofTestMethods實驗方法摘要3.1TestMethodA—AnX-cutismadethroughthefilmtothesubstrate,pressure-sensitivetapeisappliedoverthecutandthenremoved,andadhesionisassessedqualitativelyonthe0to5scale.實驗方法A：一個X切口貫通漆膜和底材，在切口處施加和移除壓敏膠帶，粘附力按照0-5等級進行評估。3.2TestMethodB—Alatticepatternwitheithersixorelevencutsineachdirectionismadeinthefilmtothesubstrate,pressure-sensitivetapeisappliedoverthelatticeandthenremoved,andadhesionisevaluatedbycomparisonwithdescriptionsandillustrations.實驗方法B：在涂層與底材之間切割出六道或十一道格形狀的切痕，在格之間施加和移除壓敏膠帶，通過圖表描述對比來評估粘附力。4.SignificanceandUse意義和用途4.1Ifacoatingistofulfillitsfunctionofprotectingordecoratingasubstrate,itmustadheretoitfortheexpectedservicelife.Becausethesubstrateanditssurfacepreparation(orlackofit)haveadrasticeffectontheadhesionofcoatings,amethodtoevaluateadhesionofacoatingtodifferentsubstratesorsurfacetreatments,orofdifferentcoatingstothesamesubstrateandtreatment,isofconsiderableusefulnessintheindustry.假如涂層能保護或裝飾底材，必須要達成預期的服務壽命。由于涂層的附著性對底材和其表面解決（或缺少）有強烈的影響，用同一種方法來評估不同底材涂層或表面解決，或同一底材和表面解決但不同涂層被視為無用1ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD01onPaintandRelatedCoatings,Materials,andApplicationsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD01.23onPhysicalPropertiesofAppliedPaintFilms.CurrenteditionapprovedAug.10,2023.PublishedOctober2023.OriginallypublishedasD3359–74.LastpreviouseditionD3359–97.2AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol06.01.3AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol10.01.4AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol02.05.5AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol06.02.6AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol15.09.此測試方法在美國材料與實驗協(xié)會D01是關(guān)于油漆和相關(guān)涂層、材料、應用軟件和關(guān)于油漆涂層的物理性能D01.23的權(quán)限下進行的。最新版本在2023年8月10號被認可。2023年10月出版。最初出版是D3359-74，上一個版本是D3359-97。4.2Thelimitationsofalladhesionmethodsandthespecificlimitationofthistestmethodtolowerlevelsofadhesion(see1.3)shouldberecognizedbeforeusingit.Theintra-andinter-laboratoryprecisionofthistestmethodissimilartootherwidely-acceptedtestsforcoatedsubstrates(forexample,TestMethodD2370andTestMethodD4060),butthisispartlytheresultofitbeinginsensitivetoallbutlargedifferencesinadhesion.Thelimitedscaleof0to5wasselecteddeliberatelytoavoidafalseimpressionofbeingsensitive.在使用前，應認可所有附著力方法的局限性和這個實驗方法對較低檔附著力（見1.3）的特殊限制。內(nèi)部多個實驗室所進行的精密度的這種測試方法類似于其他已被廣泛接受涂層測試(如測試方法D2370及測試方法D4060),為避免敏感的假象而刻意限定0-5等級范圍。TESTMETHODA—X-CUTTAPETEST實驗方法A：劃X法膠帶測試5.ApparatusandMaterials儀器和材料5.1CuttingTool—Sharprazorblade,scalpel,knifeorothercuttingdevices.Itisofparticularimportancethatthecuttingedgesbeingoodcondition.切削刀具：——鋒利的刀片、手術(shù)刀、刀或者其他切削設備。5.2CuttingGuide—Steelorotherhardmetalstraightedgetoensurestraightcuts.引導切割——鋼制或其他金屬制的直尺或夾具來保證直線切割。5.3Tape—25-mm(1.0-in.)widesemitransparentpressuresensitivetape7withanadhesionstrengthagreeduponbythesupplierandtheuserisneeded.Becauseofthevariabilityinadhesionstrengthfrombatch-to-batchandwithtime,itisessentialthattapefromthesamebatchbeusedwhentestsaretoberunindifferentlaboratories.Ifthisisnotpossible，thetestmethodshouldbeusedonlyforrankingaseriesoftestcoatings.膠帶——經(jīng)供應商和用戶批準的25mm寬的半透明的透明具有粘合力壓敏膠粘帶。由于粘合力是隨著時間和批次不同是變化的，故各個實驗室進行測試時所使用的膠帶要是同一批次的。假如無法做到這一點，此測試方法應僅合用于一系列涂層測試的排名。5.4RubberEraser,ontheendofapencil.鉛筆一頭的橡皮擦5.5Illumination—Alightsourceishelpfulindeterminingwhetherthecutshavebeenmadethroughthefilmtothesubstrate.照明燈源（如手電筒）——當在漆膜與底材之間開有切割時，光源是有很有幫助的。6.TestSpecimens試樣6.1Whenthistestmethodisusedinthefield,thespecimenisthecoatedstructureorarticleonwhichtheadhesionistobeevaluated.當這個實驗方法在實地使用時，被測試的結(jié)構(gòu)或物品上的粘附力都將要被評估。6.2Forlaboratoryuseapplythematerialstobetestedtopanelsofthecompositionandsurfaceconditionsonwhichitisdesiredtodeterminetheadhesion.實驗室使用申請材料進行實驗,通過測試板的成份的和表面情況來評估附著力。NOTE3—ApplicabletestpaneldescriptionandsurfacepreparationmethodsaregiveninPracticeD609andPracticesD1730andD2092.備注3：——合用的測試板描述和表面解決方法見D609和D1730、D2092。NOTE4—CoatingsshouldbeappliedinaccordancewithPracticeD823,orasagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandtheseller.備注4：——涂層應按照D823，或者買方和賣方之間所達成的協(xié)議。NOTE5—Ifdesiredorspecified,thecoatedtestpanelsmaybesubjectedtoapreliminaryexposuresuchaswaterimmersion,saltspray,orhighhumiditybeforeconductingthetapetest.Theconditionsandtimeofexposurewillbegovernedbyultimatecoatinguseorshallbeagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandseller.備注5：——如需要或已列明，規(guī)定，涂層測試板在進行測試前也許需先暴露于/如：浸在水中，鹽霧或高濕度中。浸泡的時間和條件應取決于涂層產(chǎn)品的最終用途或者買方和賣方之間達成的協(xié)議。7.Procedure程序7.1Selectanareafreeofblemishesandminorsurfaceimperfections.Fortestsinthefield,ensurethatthesurfaceiscleananddry.Extremesintemperatureorrelativehumiditymayaffecttheadhesionofthetapeorthecoating.在實地做此實驗時，需保證試樣涂層表面要清潔干燥。高溫和高濕會影響膠帶附著力。7.1.1Forspecimenswhichhavebeenimmersed:Afterimmersion,cleanandwipethesurfacewithanappropriatesolventwhichwillnotharmtheintegrityofthecoating.Thendryorpreparethesurface,orboth,asagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandtheseller.根據(jù)買方和賣方之間雙方達成的協(xié)議，對于被浸泡的樣件，浸泡完以后用適當?shù)娜軇ú荒軗p害涂層）擦凈表面，然后讓其干燥7.2Maketwocutsinthefilmeachabout40mm(1.5in.)longthatintersectneartheirmiddlewithasmallerangleofbetween30and45°.Whenmakingtheincisions,usethestraightedgeandcutthroughthecoatingtothesubstrateinonesteadymotion.用刀具沿直線穩(wěn)定地切割漆臘至底材，夾角30-45°，劃線40mm長，交叉點在線長的中間7.3Inspecttheincisionsforreflectionoflightfromthemetalsubstratetoestablishthatthecoatingfilmhasbeenpenetrated.IfthesubstratehasnotbeenreachedmakeanotherXinadifferentlocation.Donotattempttodeepenapreviouscutasthismayaffectadhesionalongtheincision.用燈光照明查看鋼質(zhì)基底的反射，擬定劃痕是否到底材，假如沒有，在不同位置再劃一個X。不要試圖加深以前切口的深度，這樣也許影響切口處的附著性。7.4Removetwocompletelapsofthepressure-sensitivetapefromtherollanddiscard.Removeanadditionallengthatasteady(thatis,notjerked)rateandcutapieceabout75mm(3in.)long.除去壓敏膠帶上面的兩圈，然后以穩(wěn)定的速率拉開膠帶，剪下長約75mm7.5Placethecenterofthetapeattheintersectionofthecutswiththetaperunninginthesamedirectionasthesmallerangles.Smooththetapeintoplacebyfingerintheareaoftheincisionsandthenrubfirmlywiththeeraserontheendofapencil.Thecolorunderthetransparenttapeisausefulindicationofwhengoodcontacthasbeenmade.把膠帶中間放在切割處的交叉點上，用手指壓平，為了保證膠帶與涂層接觸良好，再用鉛筆頂端的橡皮擦用力摩平膠帶，透過透明膠帶析顏色可以幫助我們看出與漆膜接觸的狀態(tài)密實限度7.6Within90±30sofapplication,removethetapebyseizingthefreeendandpullingitoffrapidly(notjerked)backuponitselfatasclosetoanangleof180°aspossible.在貼上膠帶90±30秒內(nèi)，扯住膠帶懸空的一端，快速地并盡也許保證拉力沿180的方向進行撕離膠帶。7.7InspecttheX-cutareaforremovalofcoatingfromthesubstrateorpreviouscoatingandratetheadhesioninaccordancewiththefollowingscale:按照下列標準進行檢查底材涂層脫落的X切口面積情況:5ANopeelingorremoval,沒有脫皮或脫皮4ATracepeelingorremovalalongincisionsorattheirintersection,沿刀痕或在其交叉口處有脫皮或脫落的痕跡3AJaggedremovalalongincisionsupto1.6mm(1/16in.)oneitherside,刀痕兩邊都有缺口狀脫落達1.6mm2AJaggedremovalalongmostofincisionsupto3.2mm(1/8in.)oneitherside,刀痕兩邊都有缺口狀脫落達3.2mm1ARemovalfrommostoftheareaoftheXunderthetape,

膠帶下的X區(qū)域內(nèi)大部分脫落0ARemovalbeyondtheareaoftheX.脫落面各超過X區(qū)域。7.8Repeatthetestintwootherlocationsoneachtestpanel.Forlargestructuresmakesufficientteststoensurethattheadhesionevaluationisrepresentativeofthewholesurface.在每個測試板的此外兩個地方反復測試。對大型結(jié)構(gòu)需充足實驗以保證了粘合力評估以代表整個表面。7.9Aftermakingseveralcutsexaminethecuttingedgeand,ifnecessary,removeanyflatspotsorwire-edgebyabradinglightlyonafineoilstonebeforeusingagain.Discardcuttingtoolsthatdevelopnicksorotherdefectsthattearthefilm.切割了幾個切口以后，檢查切口邊，假如需要，使用以前用油石輕微磨擦去除斑點、除尖角Report報告8.1Reportthenumberoftests,theirmeanandrange,andforcoatingsystems,wherethefailureoccurredthatis,betweenfirstcoatandsubstrate,betweenfirstandsecondcoat,etc.記錄實驗的數(shù)次及相關(guān)意思和范圍，對于涂層系統(tǒng)，失效發(fā)生在哪里，發(fā)生在第一個涂層和基體之間，還是在第一與第二涂層之間。8.2Forfieldtestsreportthestructureorarticletested,thelocationandtheenvironmentalconditionsatthetimeoftesting.實地測試時，報告需注明涂層系統(tǒng)、施工時間、固化情況。8.3Fortestpanelsreportthesubstrateemployed,thetypeofcoating,themethodofcure,andtheenvironmentalconditionsatthetimeoftesting.記錄測試板所用的底材，涂層的類型，解決的方法，和實驗時的環(huán)境情況。8.4IftheadhesionstrengthofthetapehasbeendeterminedinaccordancewithTestMethodsD1000orD3330,reporttheresultswiththeadhesionrating(s).Iftheadhesionstrengthofthetapehasnotbeendetermined,reportthespecifictapeusedanditsmanufacturer.假如膠帶的附著力已擬定符合D1000或者D3330，記錄附著力等級的結(jié)果。假如膠帶附著力大小未擬定，記錄所使用的膠帶細節(jié)及其生產(chǎn)廠家。8.5Ifthetestisperformedafterimmersion,reportimmersionconditionsandmethodofsamplepreparation.假如實驗在浸泡以后再進行，記錄浸泡的條件和試樣準備方法。9.PrecisionandBias8精度和偏差9.1Inaninterlaboratorystudyofthistestmethodinwhichoperatorsinsixlaboratoriesmadeoneadhesionmeasurementonthreepanelseachofthreecoatingscoveringawiderangeofadhesion,thewithin-laboratoriesstandarddeviationwasfoundtobe0.33andthebetween-laboratories0.44.Basedonthesestandarddeviations,thefollowingcriteriashouldbeusedforjudgingtheacceptabilityofresultsatthe95%confidencelevel:在多個實驗室進行的測試方法。操作者在6個實驗室內(nèi)的3個平板上（各涂層上進行一系列附著力測量，做同一個附著力測試。在同一個實驗室的標準偏差為0.33,在不同實驗室發(fā)現(xiàn)偏差為0.44.以這些標準偏差為基礎，以下標準應當用來擬定結(jié)果的可行性有95%的可信度。9.1.1Repeatability—Providedadhesionisuniformoveralargesurface,resultsobtainedbythesameoperatorshouldbeconsideredsuspectiftheydifferbymorethan1ratingunitfortwomeasurements.反復性：假定在一個大表面的附著力是一致的，同一個操作者兩次測量得到的結(jié)果差異超過一個單位等級，那麼將被認為是不可信的。9.1.2Reproducibility—Tworesults,eachthemeanoftriplicates,obtainedbydifferentoperatorsshouldbeconsideredsuspectiftheydifferbymorethan1.5ratingunits.再現(xiàn)性：取每個操作者3次測量的均值，假如得到的兩個結(jié)果超過1.5個單位等級，那麼將被認為是不可信的。9.2Biascannotbeestablishedforthesetestmethods.用這些測試方法不能擬定偏差。TESTMETHODB—CROSS-CUTTAPETEST測試方法B：劃格法膠帶測試10.ApparatusandMaterials器具和材料10.1CuttingTool9—Sharprazorblade,scalpel,knifeorothercuttingdevicehavingacuttingedgeanglebetween15and30°thatwillmakeeitherasinglecutorseveralcutsatonce.Itisofparticularimportancethatthecuttingedgeoredgesbeingoodcondition.切割刀具：——鋒利的刀刃、手術(shù)刀、刀或者其他切削設備（刀刃在15-30度之間），切削單個切口或多個切口。切割邊沿情況良好是特別重要的。10.2CuttingGuide—Ifcutsaremademanually(asopposedtoamechanicalapparatus)asteelorotherhardmetalstraightedgeortemplatetoensurestraightcuts.切割指南：假如是手動切削，鋼制或其他金屬制的直尺或夾具來保證直線切割。10.3Rule—Temperedsteelrulegraduatedin0.5mmformeasuringindividualcuts.尺子：用刻度為0.5mm10.4Tape,asdescribedin5.3.膠帶：見5.310.5RubberEraser,ontheendofapencil.鉛筆一頭的橡皮擦10.6Illumination,asdescribedin5.5.照明描述見5.510.7MagnifyingGlass—Anilluminatedmagnifiertobeusedwhilemakingindividualcutsandexaminingthetestarea.放大鏡——照明放大器。11.TestSpecimens試樣11.1TestspecimensshallbeasdescribedinSection6.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatmultitipcutters10providegoodresultsonlyontestareassufficientlyplanethatallcuttingedgescontactthesubstratetothesamedegree.Checkforflatnesswithastraightedgesuchasthatofthetemperedsteelrule(10.3).試樣規(guī)定需同第6部分。應當記錄，只有當實驗區(qū)域足夠平使切口在同一限度接觸底材時，得到好的結(jié)果。12.Procedure程序12.1Whererequiredorwhenagreedupon,subjectthespecimenstoapreliminarytestbeforeconductingthetapetest(seeNote3).Afterdryingortestingthecoating,conductthetapetestatroomtemperatureasdefinedinSpecificationD3924,unlessD3924standardtemperatureisrequiredoragreed.當需要或已達成協(xié)議時,進行實驗以前樣本要通過初步測試（見注3）。通過烘干或涂層檢查，按照D3924（如需要或達成協(xié)議）中規(guī)定的室溫進行膠帶實驗。12.1.1Forspecimenswhichhavebeenimmersed:Afterimmersion,cleanandwipethesurfacewithanappropriatesolventwhichwillnotharmtheintegrityofthecoating.Thendryorpreparethesurface,orboth,asagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandtheseller.根據(jù)買方和賣方之間雙方達成的協(xié)議，對于被浸泡的樣件，浸泡完以后用適當?shù)娜軇ú荒軗p害涂層）擦凈表面，然后讓其干燥12.2Selectanareafreeofblemishesandminorsurfaceimperfections,placeonafirmbase,andundertheilluminatedmagnifier,makeparallelcutsasfollows:選擇一個無瑕疵和表面無小缺陷的區(qū)域，平穩(wěn)地放在照明放大鏡下，按如下所示平行切割：12.2.1Forcoatingshavingadryfilmthicknessuptoandincluding2.0mils(50μm)spacethecuts1mmapartandmakeelevencutsunlessotherwiseagreedupon.使涂層漆膜表面干燥，涉及50um的空間切口距離1mm，有11個切口，或者協(xié)商擬定。12.2.2Forcoatingshavingadryfilmthicknessbetween2.0mils(50μm)and5mils(125μm),spacethecuts2mmapartandmakesixcuts.Forfilmsthickerthan5milsuseTestMethodA.11漆膜厚度2.0mils(50μm)-5mils(125μm)之間，劃6個切口，每個切口間距2mm，涂層漆膜厚度大于5mils用測試方法A11.

12.2.3Makeallcutsabout20mm(3.4in.)long.Cutthroughthefilmtothesubstrateinonesteadymotionusingjustsufficientpressureonthecuttingtooltohavethecuttingedgereachthesubstrate.Whenmakingsuccessivesinglecutswiththeaidofaguide,placetheguideontheuncutarea.切口長20mm。勻速的切割漆膜，刀刀見鐵(直透底材表面)12.3Aftermakingtherequiredcutsbrushthefilmlightlywithasoftbrushortissuetoremoveanydetachedflakesorribbonsofcoatings.切完切口以后，用軟刷子或薄紙輕掃，去除剝落的薄片或剝落的涂層。12.4Examinethecuttingedgeand,ifnecessary,removeanyflatspotsorwire-edgebyabradinglightlyonafineoiltone.Maketheadditionalnumberofcutsat90°toandcenteredontheoriginalcuts.檢查切口邊沿，假如需要，使用以前用油石輕微磨擦去除斑點、除尖角；并反復以上操作，以90°角再次平行等數(shù)切割漆臘，形成井字格12.5Brushtheareaasbeforeandinspecttheincisionsforreflectionoflightfromthesubstrate.Ifthemetalhasnotbeenreachedmakeanothergridinadifferentlocation.像之前同樣用刷子輕刷表面，檢查切口基底的反射，擬定劃痕是否到底，假如沒有，在另一個地方重新切割。12.6Removetwocompletelapsoftapeanddiscard.Removeanadditionallengthatasteady(thatis,notjerked)rateandcutapieceabout75mm(3in.)long.除去壓敏膠帶上面的兩圈，然后以穩(wěn)定的速率拉開膠帶，剪下長約75mm膠帶12.7Placethecenterofthetapeoverthegridandintheareaofthegridsmoothintoplacebyafinger.Toensuregoodcontactwiththefilmrubthetapefirmlywiththeeraserontheendofapencil.Thecolorunderthetapeisausefulindicationofwhengoodcontacthasbeenmade.把膠帶中間放在切割處的格子上，用手指壓平，為了保證膠帶與涂層接觸良好，再用鉛筆頂端的橡皮擦用力摩平膠帶，透過透明膠帶析顏色可以幫助我們看出與漆膜接觸的狀態(tài)密實限度12.8Within90±30sofapplication,removethetapebyseizingthefreeendandrapidly(notjerked)backuponitselfatasclosetoanangleof180°aspossible.在貼上膠帶90±30秒內(nèi)，扯住膠帶懸空的一端，快速地并盡也許保證拉力沿180的方向進行撕離膠帶12.9Inspectthegridareaforremovalofcoatingfromthesubstrateorfromapreviouscoatingusingtheilluminatedmagnifier.RatetheadhesioninaccordancewiththefollowingscaleillustratedinFig.1:用照明放大鏡檢查漆膜，根據(jù)脫漆部位與網(wǎng)格區(qū)的關(guān)系按下列說明評估等級5BTheedgesofthecutsarecompletelysmooth;noneofthesquaresofthelatticeisdetached.切邊非常光滑，沒有一個網(wǎng)格方塊脫落4BSmallflakesofthecoatingaredetachedatintersections;lessthan5%oftheareaisaffected.在網(wǎng)格切入點，有微小的鱗片狀漆膜脫落，影響面積為5%。3BSmallflakesofthecoatingaredetachedalongedgesandatintersectionsofcuts.Theareaaffectedis5to15%ofthelattice.漆層沿切入點脫落或在網(wǎng)格線的切入點上有部分或所有脫落，影響面積為5%-15%2BThecoatinghasflakedalongtheedgesandonpartsofthesquares.Theareaaffectedis15to35%ofthelattice.漆層沿切入點大塊脫落或所有脫落或是網(wǎng)格方塊部分或所有脫落。影響面積為15-35%1BThecoatinghasflakedalongtheedgesofcutsinlargeribbonsandwholesquareshavedetached.Theareaaffectedis35to65%ofthelattice.漆層沿切入點大塊脫落或所有脫落或是網(wǎng)格方塊部分或所有脫落，影響面積為35-65%0BFlakinganddetachmentworsethanGrade1.剝落離比等級1更嚴重。12.10Repeatthetestintwootherlocationsoneachtestpanel.在每個測試面板上，另兩個不同的位置反復實驗。13.Report報告13.1Reportthenumberoftests,theirmeanandrange,andforcoatingsystems,wherethefailureoccurred,thatis,betweenfirstcoatandsubstrate,betweenfirstandsecondcoat,etc.報告實驗的數(shù)量，意義和范圍，涂層系統(tǒng)失敗發(fā)生在哪，第一涂層與底材之間還是第一涂層與第二涂層之間等等。13.2Reportthesubstrateemployed,thetypeofcoatingandthemethodofcure.報告使用的底材，涂層的類型和解決的方法。13.3IftheadhesionstrengthhasbeendeterminedinaccordancewithTestMethodsD1000orD3330,reporttheresultswiththeadhesionrating(s).Iftheadhesionstrengthofthetapehasnotbeendetermined,reportthespecifictapeusedanditsmanufacturer.假如附著力已根據(jù)測試方法D1000或者D3330擬定一致，記錄附著力等級的結(jié)果。假如膠帶附著力大小未擬定，記錄所使用的膠帶具體細節(jié)及其生產(chǎn)廠家。13.4Ifthetestisperformedafterimmersion,reportimmersionconditionsandmethodofsamplepreparation.假如測試是在在浸泡以后再進行，記錄浸泡的條件和測試樣品的準備方法。14.PrecisionandBias8精度和偏差14.1Onthebasisoftwointerlaboratorytestsofthistestmethodinoneofwhichoperatorsinsixlaboratoriesmadeoneadhesionmeasurementonthreepanelseachofthreecoatingscoveringawiderangeofadhesionandintheotheroperatorsinsixlaboratoriesmadethreemeasurementsontwopanelseachoffourdifferentcoatingsappliedovertwoothercoatings,thepooledstandarddeviationsforwithinandbetweenlaboratorieswerefoundtobe0.37and0.7.Basedonthesestandarddeviations,thefollowingcriteriashouldbeusedforjudgingtheacceptabilityofresultsatthe95%confidencelevel:在多個實驗室進行的測試方法。操作者在6個實驗室的3個平板上的涂層上覆蓋一系列附著力，做同一個附著力測試。在兩塊板上的4個不同涂層試用2個其他的涂層，匯集實驗室之間的標準偏差為0.37和0.7。以這些標準偏差為基礎，以下標準用來鑒定結(jié)果的可行性有95%的可信度。14.1.1Repeatability—Providedadhesionisuniformoveralargesurface,resultsobtainedbythesameoperatorshouldbeconsideredsuspectiftheydifferbymorethanoneratingunitfortwomeasurements.反復性：假定在一個大表面的附著力是一致的，同一個操作者兩次測量得到的結(jié)果差異超過一個單位等級，那麼將被認為是不可信的。14.1.2Reproducibility—Tworesults,eachthemeanofduplicatesortriplicates,obtainedbydifferentoperatorsshouldbeconsideredsuspectiftheydifferbymorethantworatingunits.再現(xiàn)性：取不同的操作者3次或2次測量的均值，假如得到的兩個結(jié)果差異超過2個單位等級，那麼將被認為是不可信的。14.2Biascannotbeestablishedforthesetestmethods.不能用這些測試方法擬定偏差。15.Keywords關(guān)鍵字15.1adhesion;crosscutadhesiontestmethod;tape;tapeadhesiontestmethod;X-cutadhesiontestmethod附著力、交叉切口附著力實驗方法、膠帶，膠帶附著力實驗方法、X切片附著力測試方法FIG.1ClassificationofAdhesionTestResults圖表1：附著力實驗結(jié)果的分類D3359–02ReproducedbyIHSunderlicensewithASTMLicensee=daimlerchyrsleraccount/NotforResale,12/09/202300:34:54MSTNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHSAPPENDIX附錄(NonmandatoryInformation)非強制信息X1.COMMENTARY注釋X1.1Introduction介紹X1.1.1Giventhecomplexitiesoftheadhesionprocess,canadhesionbemeasured?AsMittal(1)12haspointedout,theanswerisbothyesandno.Itisreasonabletostatethatatthepresenttimenotestexiststhatcanpreciselyassesstheactualphysicalstrengthofanadhesivebond.Butitcanalsobesaidthatitispossibletoobtainanindicationofrelativeadhesionperformance.鑒于粘附過程的復雜性。附著力能被測量嗎？Mittal指出答案既是肯定的又是否認的。其很合理的指出，現(xiàn)階段沒有實驗可以確切的評估出物理粘合劑的大小，但是可以認為，是有也許獲得相對粘附性能。X1.1.2Practicaladhesiontestmethodsaregenerallyoftwotypes:“implied”and“direct.”“Implied”testsincludeindentationorscribetechniques,rubtesting,andweartesting.Criticismofthesetestsariseswhentheyareusedtoquantifythestrengthofadhesivebonding.Butthis,infact,isnottheirpurpose.An“implied”testshouldbeusedtoassesscoatingperformanceunderactualserviceconditions.“Direct”measurements,ontheotherhand,areintendedexpresslytomeasureadhesion.Meaningfultestsofthistypearehighlysoughtafter,primarilybecausetheresultsareexpressedbyasinglediscretequantity,theforcerequiredtorupturethecoating/substratebondunderprescribedconditions.DirecttestsincludetheHesiometerandtheAdherometer(2).Commonmethodswhichapproachthedirecttestsarepeel,lapshear,andtensiletests.實際應用的測試方法一般有兩種：含蓄的和直接的。含蓄方法涉及刻痕法或畫線法、摩擦實驗和磨損實驗。當這些實驗被用來量化粘附強度時候，關(guān)于這些實驗的批評就會出現(xiàn)。但事實上這并不是他們的目的。含蓄的實驗應當被用來評估實際情況下涂層的性能。另一方面，直接測量用來測量附著力。這些類型實驗的重要意義值得探索，重要由于結(jié)果是一個離散量，涂層在指定的壓力條件下割裂。直接測試涉及：常用的接近直接測試方法，剝，剪和拉力測試。X1.2TestMethods測試方法X1.2.1Inpractice,numeroustypesoftestshavebeenusedtoattempttoevaluateadhesionbyinducingbondrupturebydifferentmodes.Criteriadeemedessentialforatesttowarrantprocedure;relevancetoitsintendedapplication;repeatabilityandreproducibility;andquantifiability,includingameaningfulratingscaleforassessingperformance.在實踐中，很多的實驗方法被用于評估附著力用不同的模式，其中涉及附著力破壞。標準認為實驗的本質(zhì)大部分是可被接受的，運用明確的程序，預定相關(guān)應用，反復性和在線性，可定量的狀態(tài)，對于評估性能涉及一個故意義的評分表。X1.2.2Testmethodsusedforcoatingsonmetalsare:peeladhesionor“tapetesting;”Gardnerimpactflexibilitytesting;andadhesivejointtestingincludingshear(lapjoint)anddirecttensile(buttjoint)testing.Thesetestsdonotstrictlymeetallthecriterialisted,butanappealingaspectofthesetestsisthatinmostcasestheequipment/instrumentationisreadilyavailableorcanbeobtainedatreasonablecost.用在金屬涂層上的測試方法有：附著力的剝落或膠帶測試。加德納影響彈性測試和附著力結(jié)合測試，涉及剪切力和拉伸實驗。這些實驗并不是嚴格的滿足所列出的標準，但這些實驗是一個有吸引力的方面,在大多數(shù)情況下,設備/儀器是現(xiàn)成或可在合理的成本。X1.2.3Awidediversityoftestsmethodshavebeendevelopedovertheyearsthatmeasureaspectsofadhesion(1-5)廣泛的多樣性的測試方法已經(jīng)被發(fā)展數(shù)年來測量方面的附著力(1-5)。Theregenerallyisdifficulty,however,inrelatingtheseteststobasicadhesionphenomena.一般很難，但是和基本的附著力現(xiàn)象有關(guān)的。X1.3TheTapeTest膠帶實驗X1.3.1Byfarthemostprevalenttestforevaluatingcoating“adhesion”isthetape-and-peeltest,whichhasbeenusedsincethe1930’s.Initssimplestversionapieceofadhesivetapeispressedagainstthepaintfilmandtheresistancetoanddegreeoffilmremovalobservedwhenthetapeispulledoff.Sinceanintactfilmwithappreciableadhesionisfrequentlynotremovedatall,theseverityofthetestisusuallyenhancedbycuttingintothefilmafigureXoracrosshatchedpattern,beforeapplyingandremovingthetape.Adhesionisthenratedbycomparingfilmremovedagainstanestablishedratingscale.Ifanintactfilmispeeledcleanlybythetape,orifitdebondsjustbycuttingintoitwithoutapplyingtape,thentheadhesionisratedsimplyaspoororverypoor,amorepreciseevaluationofsuchfilmsnotbeingwithinthecapabilityofthistest.到目前為止，評估涂層附著力最普遍的實驗是膠帶——涂層脫落實驗，從1930年就開始應用。最簡樸的膠帶測試是在涂層上加壓，當膠帶被移走以后，觀測涂層的抵抗限度。在涂層表面加可評估的附著力，在使用膠帶前，在切X槽或者交叉的槽在工件表面。附著力根據(jù)評估等級評估。假如完整的涂層被膠帶干凈的脫落，這樣附著力被評估很弱，在這個實驗中沒有更精確的評估方法。X1.3.2Thecurrentwidely-usedversionwasfirstpublishedin1974;twotestmethodsarecoveredinthisstandard.Bothtestmethodsareusedtoestablishwhethertheadhesionofacoatingtoasubstrateisatanadequatelevel;howevertheydonotdistinguishbetweenhigherlevelsofadhesionforwhichmoresophisticatedmethodsofmeasurementarerequired.Majorlimitationsofthetapetestareitslowsensitivity,applicabilityonlytocoatingsofrelativelylowbondstrengths,andnon-determinationofadhesiontothesubstratewherefailureoccurswithinasinglecoat,aswhentestingprimersalone,orwithinorbetweencoatsinmulticoatsystems.Formulticoatsystemswhereadhesionfa