2023年新版中石油職稱英語模擬考試題版

模擬試題三

I.VocabularySectionA

Directions:Thereare10incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswerontheanswersheet.

You’llhavetobuysomenewshoesastheseare .

A.usedup B.wastedawayC.brokendownD.wornout

Willallthose theproposalraisetheirhands?

A.inrelationtoB.inexcessofC.incontrasttoD.infavorof

Heisamongthoseluckystudentswhohavewon tofirstrateuniversity.

A.permissionB.admittanceC.professionD.admission

Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheircars,andthis creates

furtherproblems.

A.afterall B.inturn C.incase D.intime

Hewasunableto tothegroupwhathemeant.

A.getin B.getacrossC.getalongD.getoff

Someoldpeopledon’tlikepopsongsbecausetheycan’t somuchnoise.

A.resist B.tolerate C.sustain D.undergo

Hisdiscoverycounts nothingthoughhetriedveryhard.

A.on B.for C.in D.up

Difficultiesandhardshipshave thebestqualitiesoftheyounggeologist.

A.broughtoutB.broughtaboutC.broughtforthD.broughtup

Richarddoesn’tthinkhecouldeverwhatiscalled“free-style”poetry.

A.takeon B.takeoverC.taketo D.takeafter

Hekeptrubbingthechilduntil_hefellasleep.

A.longafterB.soonafterC.beforelongD.longbefore

SectionB

Directions:Thereare10sentencesinthissection.Beloweachsentencearefourotherwordsorphrases.Youaretochoosetheonewordorphrasewhichwouldbestkeepingthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitweresubstitutedfortheunderlinedwordorphrase.Then,markyouranswerontheanswersheet.

Onehundredyearsago,communicationlagbetweencountrieswasmeasuredindaysorevenmonths,butnowduetomodemtechnologythelagshasbeenreducedtoseconds.

A.inconvenienceB.delay C.interval D.progress

Afullmoon'silluminationwillhighlighttheSanFranciscoskylineagainstthenightsky.

A.discern B.brighten C.illustrate D.project

Theissuewearediscussingconcernseveryonewhohaschildren.

A.subject B.book C.article D.equation

Mostteenagersthinktheiractionsaremature.

A.grown-up B.intelligentC.serious D.childlike

Thebudgetdirectorwantedtobecertainthathisofficerswereawareofthedeadline.

A.askif B.pretendthatC.makesurethatD.knowif

Anarcheologistmustknowexactlywhereandwhenanartifactwasfound.

A.intuitively B.immediatelyC.briefly D.precisely

ThePresidentforecastthatwarwouldsoonbreakoutbetweenthetwoneighboringslates.

A.hinted B.worried C.predicted D.disagreed

Jacksaidthatitwasessentialtoleaveimmediately.

A.unwise B.possible C.desirable D.necessary

Weren’tthosetwowriterscontemporaries?

A.equallyfamous B.hostiletoeachother

C.familiarwitheachother D.livingatthesametime

Thosehousingprojectsmustbedesignedandbuiltaccordingtoverystrictcriteria.

A.locations B.relations C.contracts D.standards

II?GrammaticalStructure

SectionA

Directions:Thereare10incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B.CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswerontheanswersheet.

Youaresupposed everythingreadybynow.

A.toget B.getting C.tohavegotD.havinggot

. allbehaviorislearnedbehaviorisabasicassumptionofsocialscientists.

A.Nearly B.ThatnearlyC.ItisnearlyD.Whennearly

I’lllendyoumycassetterecorder I’vedonewithit.

A.everytimeB.themomentC.until D.lest

Hewondered .

A.whatwouldhiswife’sreactionbeB.howwouldbehiswife’sreactionC.whatwillbehiswife’sreactionD.whathiswife’sreactionwouldbe

Thestudents theexercises,theteacherwentontoexplainthetext.

A.doing B.did C.havingdoneD.todo

Weshallstartatsevenifit bythattime.

A.willstopraining B.stopstorain

C.hasstoppedraining D.willhavestoppedtorain

You herinofficelastFriday;She’sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.

A.needn’thaveseen B.mighthaveseen

C.musthaveseen D.can’thaveseen

Don’tyouknowit’sthefirsttimehe thiskindofmeeting?

A.attends B.attended C.hasattendedD.isattending

Theforeignguests, werescientists,werewarmlywelcomedatthetrainstation.

A.mostofthemB.mostofwhomC.mostofthatD.mostofthose

30.1need morevolunteerstohelpmovethepiano.

A.none B.any C.few D.some

SectionB

Directions:Inquestions31-40eachsentencehasfourunderlinedwordsorphrases,markedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonewordorphrasewhichisincorrectandmustbechangedtomakethesentencecorrect.Thenmarkyouranswerontheanswersheet.

TheVermontElementaryScienceProjectaccordingtoitsfounders,aredesignedtochallenge

TOC\o"1-5"\h\z

A B

someofthemostwidelyheldbeliefsaboutteaching.

C D

Ofthemanymachinesinventedinthelatenineteenthcentury,nonehadagreatimpactonthe

A BC

UnitedStateseconomythantheautomobile.

D

Yesterday.Mr.Frank,whowasnegotiatinganewcontract,disappointthissupervisor.

A B CD

Thedirectorshoulddecidetohireher,weshouldadvisethepersonnelofficetoprepareallthe

A B C

necessarypaperwork.

D

We’vedecidedtostoptointerviewqualifiedapplicantswhoarenotwillingtorelocate.

A B CD

Thereisarumorthattheworkersarediscussingestablishingunion.

A B C D

Mr.Jenkinsmadethedecisionthatshewillpromoteheradministrativeassistantbefore

ABC

theendoftheyear.

D

ArepairjobiscostingoverS3,000isautomaticallydiscounted$500fromthetotalcost.

TOC\o"1-5"\h\z

A B C D

Mr.Spenceradvisedmetalkingtomycolleagueabouttheproblembeforefilinganofficial

A B C

complaintagainsther.

D

LouisaMayAkottischieflyrememberedforLittlewomen,oneofthemostpopulargirls

A B C

bookseverwrote.

D

HI.ClozeTest

Directions:Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkyou’reanswerontheanswersheet.

Manystudentsfindtheexperienceofattendinguniversitylecturestobeaconfusingand

frustratingexperience.Thelecturerspeaksforoneortwohours,perhaps41thetalkwith

slides,writingupimportantinformationontheblackboard,distributingreadingmaterialand

givingout42.Thenewstudentseestheotherstudentscontinuouslywritingonnotebooksand

wonderswhattowrite.Veryoftenthestudentleavesthelecture43noteswhichdonotcatch

themainpointsandwhichbecomehardevenforthe44tounderstand.

Mostinstitutionsprovidecourseswhichassistnewstudentstodeveloptheskillstheyneedto

beeffectivelistenersandnote-takers.45theseareunavailable,therearemanyuseful

study-skillsguideswhichenablelearnerstopracticetheseskills46.Inallcasesitisimportant

totackletheproblem47actuallystartingyourstudies.

Itisimportanttoacknowledgethatmoststudentshavedifficultyinacquiringthelanguage

skills48incollegestudy.Onewayofovercomingthesedifficultiesistoattendthelanguage

andstudyskillsclasseswhichmostinstitutionsprovidethroughoutthe49year.Anotherbasic

strategyistofindastudypartner50itispossibletoidentifydifficulties,exchangeideasand

providesupport.

41.A.extending B.illustrating C.performing D.conducting

42.A.assignments B.information C.content D.definition

43.A.without B.with C.on D.except

44.A.teachers B.classmates C.partners D.students

45.A.Because B.Though C.Whether D.If

46.A.independentlyB.repeatedly C.logically D.generally

47.A.before B.after C.while D.for

48.A.torequire B.required C.requiring D.arerequired

49.A.average B.ordinary C.normal D.academic

50.A.inthat B.forwhich C.withwhom D.suchas

IV.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby4questionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

Questions51to54arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Ascientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayin

whichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtaindataboth

onresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthattendtoencourageordiscouragemoney

spending.

Ifaneconomistasaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost--peoplewithrisingincomes,

stableincomes,ordecliningincomes--hewouldprobablyanswer:thosewithdecliningincomes.

Actually,intheyears1947--1950,theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewith

decliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedtheleast.Thisshowsus

thattraditionalassumptionsaboutearningandspendingarenotalwaysreliable.Another

traditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogoup,theywillhastento

buy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodown,theywillpostponebuying.Butresearchsurveyshave

shownthatthisisnotalwaystrue.Theexpectationsofpriceincreasemaynotstimulatebuying.

Onetypicalattitudewasexpressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewatatimeofrising

prices."Inafewmonths,"shesaid,"we'llhavetopaymoreformeatandmilk;we'llhavelessto

spendonotherthings."Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthis

purchase.Furthermore,theriseinpricesthathasalreadytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer's

resistancemaybeevoked.

TheinvestigationsmentionedabovewerecarriedoutinAmerica.Investigationsconductedat

thesametimeinGreatBritain,however,yieldedresultsthatweremoreinagreementwith

traditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostconductiveto

spendingappearstobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeopleconsiderthattheyare

reasonable,theyarelikelytobuy.Thus,itappearsthatthecommonbusinesspolicyOf

maintainingstablepricesisbasedonacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology.

51.Ifascientistwantstostudyconsumerbehavior,whatmusthedo?

A.Hemustpredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoney.

B.Hemustdoscientificresearch.

C.Hemustknowbackgroundofcustomers.

D.Hemustdoresearchandlearntheresourcesandmotivesofcustomers.

52.Whichofthefollowinggroupsborrowmoneymostaccordingtotraditionalassumption?

A.Peoplewithrisingincomes.

B.Peoplewithstableincomes.

C.Peoplewithdecliningincomes.

D.Noneoftheabove.

53.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Traditionalassumptionsaboutearningandspendingarenotalwaysreliable.

B.Theconditionthatmosthelpstoproducespendingappearstobepricerising.

C.Maintainingstablepricesisacommonbusinesspolicy.

D.TheresultsoftheinvestigationinAmericawerenotthesameasthoseinGreatBritain.

54.TheresearchsurveyinAmericahaveshowedthatwhenthepricesrise,__

A.peoplewillhastentobuy

B.peoplewillstopbuying

C.peoplewillpostponetheirpurchase

D.peoplewillbuymorethantheycanuse

Questions55to58arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Therailroadindustrycouldnothavegrownaslargeasitdidwithoutsteel.Thefirstrails

weremadeofiron.Butironrailswerenotstrongenoughtosupportheavytrainsrunningathigh

speeds.Railroadexecutiveswantedtoreplacethemwithsteelrailsbecausesteelwastenor

fifteentimesstrongerandlastedtwentytimeslonger.Beforethe1870's,however,steelwastoo

expensivetobewidelyused.Itwasmadebyaslowandexpensiveprocessofheating,stirringand

reheatingironore.

ThentheinventorHenryBessemerdiscoveredthatdirectingablastofairatmeltedironina

furnacewouldbumouttheimpuritiesthatmadetheironbrittle.Astheairshotthroughthe

furnace,thebubblingmetalwoulderuptinshowersofsparks.Whenthefirecooled,themetalhad

beenchanged,orconvertedtosteel.TheBessemerconvertermadepossiblethemassproduction

ofsteel.Nowthreetofivetonsofironcouldbechangedintosteelinamatterofminutes.

Justwhenthedemandformoreandmoresteeldeveloped,prospectorsdiscoveredhugenew

depositsofironoreintheMesabiRange,a120longregioninMinnesotanearLakeSuperior.The

Mesabidepositsweresonearthesurfacethattheycouldbeminedwithsteamshovels.

BargesandsteamerscarriedtheironorethroughLakeSuperiortodepotsonthesouthern

shoresofLakeMichiganandLakeErie.WithdizzyingspeedGary,Indiana,andToledo,

Youngstown,andCleveland,Ohio,becamemajorsteelmanufacturingcenters.Pittsburghwasthe

greateststeelcityofall.

Steelwasthebasicbuildingmaterialoftheindustrialage.Productionskyrocketedfrom

seventy-seven-thousandtonsin1870tooverelevenmilliontonsin1900.

55,Accordingtothepassage,therailroadindustrypreferredsteeltoironbecausesteelwas__

A.cheaperandmoreplentifulB.lighterandeasiertomold

C.cleanerandeasiertomineD.strongerandmoredurable

56.Accordingtothepassage,howdidBessemermethodmakethemassproductionofsteel

possible?

A.Itdirectedairatmeltedironinafurnace,removingallimpurities.

B.Itslowlyheatedironorethenstirreditandheateditagain.

C.Itchangedironoreintoironwhichwasasubstituteforsteel.

D.Itcouldquicklyfinddepositsofironoreundertheground.

57.Accordingtothepassage,wherewerelargedepositsofironuncovered?

A.InPittsburgh.B.IntheMesabiRange.

C.NearLakeMichigan.D.NearLakeErie.

58.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemassproductionofsteelcaused__

A.adeclineintherailroadindustry

B.arevolutionintheindustrialworld

C.anincreaseinthepriceofsteel

D.afeelingofdiscontentamongsteelworkers

Questions59to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

TheEnglishhavethereputationofbeingverydifferentfromallothernationalities.Itis

claimedthatlivingonanislandseparatedfromtherestofEuropehasmuchtodowithit.

Whateverthereasons,itmaybefairlystatedthattheEnglishmanhasdevelopedsomeattitudes

andhabitsdistinguishinghimfromothernationalities.

Broadlyspeaking,theEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,reservedpersonamongpeopleheknows

well.Beforestrangersheoftenseemsinhibited,evenembarrassed.Youhaveonlytowitnessa

railwaycompartmentanymorningoreveningtoseethetruth.Serious-lookingbusinessmenand

womensitreadingtheirnewspapersordozing(打盹)inacomer;noonespeaks.AnEnglishwit

oncesuggestedtooverseasvisitors,"Onenteringarailwaycompartmentshakehandswithallthe

passengers."Needlesstosay,hewasnotbeingserious.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearly

understoodcodeofbehavior,which,ifbroken,makesthepersonimmediatelytheobjectof

suspicion.

ItiswellknownthattheEnglishseldomshowopenlyextremesofenthusiasm,emotionetc.

Ofcourse,anEnglishmanfeelsnolessthananyothernationality.Imagineamancommentingon

thegreatbeautyofayounggirl.Amanofmoreemotionaltemperamentmightdescribeheras"a

marvelousjewel",whiletheEnglishmanwillflatlystate"Um,she'sallright".AnEnglishman

mayrecommendahighlysuccessfulandenjoyablefilmtofriendsbycommenting,"It'snotbad."

Theoverseasvisitorsmustnotbedisappointedbythisapparentlackofinterest;hemustrealize

that"allright","notbad"areveryoftenusedwiththesenseof"firstclass","excellent".This

specialuseoflanguageisparticularlycommoninEnglish.

59.OneexplanationforthedifferentcharacterofEnglishpeopleisthat

A.theyaregeographicallyisolatedfromtheEuropeancontinent

B.theyhavenothingtodowiththeotherEuropeans

C.theyliketokeepquietamongtheiracquaintances

D.theytendtobereservedbynature

60.Accordingtothepassage,onenteringarailwaycompartment,anoverseasvisitorisexpected

to

A.inquireaboutthecodeofbehaviorinthetrain

B.shakehandswithallthepassengers

C.shakehandswiththepersonheknows

D.behavelikeanEnglishman

61.TheEnglishwayofcommentingonsomethingorsomebodysuggeststhat

A.theEnglisharemodestinmostcircumstances

B.theEnglishfeelnolessthananyothernationality

C.theEnglishtendtodisplaylessemotionthantheyfeel

D.theEnglishdon'ttakeastronginterestinmakingcomment

62.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.ThedifferencesbetweentheEnglishandtheotherEuropeans.

B.ThedifferentcharacteroftheEnglishmananditsreason.

C.ThereasonsforEnglishpeople'sshyness.

D.ThecodeofbehaviorofthenationalitiesinEurope.

Questions63to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

JamesJoycewasanIrishnovelistwhorevolutionizedthemethodsofdepictingcharacters

anddevelopingaplotinmodemfiction.Hisastonishingwayofconstructinganovel,hisfrank

portrayalofhumannatureinhisbooks,andhiscompletecommandofEnglishhavemadehimone

oftheoutstandinginfluencesonliteratureinthe20thCentury.Manycriticsjudgethatheis

secondonlytoShakespeareinhismasteryoftheEnglishlanguage.Joycewasdeeplyinfluenced

byIrelandandwroteallhisbooksaboutDublin.

WhenhewasinDublinCollege,hestudiedlanguagesandspenthissparetimereadingbooks.

Herefusedtotakepartinthenationalistmovementlikehisfellowstudents,buthebecame

passionatelyinterestedinliterature.Hewroteoutspokenarticlesofliterarycriticismthatshocked

histeachersandeventaughthimselfNorwegiansothathecouldreadIbsen'sworksinthe

original.

Whenhegraduatedin1902,heknewhewouldbecomeawriterandanexile,becausehefelt

hecouldnotbeonewithouttheother.Inordertopreservehisidealofwritingtruthfully,fully,and

asobjectivelyasheknewhow,aboutthepeopleandplacesheknewbest,hehadtoescapefrom

alltemptationstobecomeinvolvedinpopularopinionorpubliclife.HewenttoFrance,Italyand

Switzerland,wherehelivedinpovertyandobscurityforthefirst20years,onlyreturningto

Irelandwhenhismotherwasdying.Exceptforacoupleofbrieftrips,hestayedabroadallhislife.

63.JamesJoycewasfamousformanyreasonsEXCEPT__

A.hiswayofconstructinganovel

B.hisfrankportrayalofhumannature

C.hiscompletecommandofEnglish

D.hispassioninliterature

64."HeissecondonlytoShakespeare"isacommentonhis__

A.achievementinliterature

B.achievementinthenationalistmovement

C.achievementinhisstudyoflanguages

D.masteryoftheEnglishlanguage

65.Howmanyexamplesareusedtoshowhispassioninliterature?

A.2.B.3.C.1.D.4.

66.WhydidJamesJoycestayabroadalmostallhislife?

A.Becausehewantedtoliveinpovertyandobscurity.

B.Becausehewantedtowritethepeopleandplacesheknewbest.

C.Becausehewantedtoescapefromalltemptationstobecomeinvolvedinpopularopinion

orpubliclife.

D.Becausehewantedtopreservehisidealofwritingtruthfully,fullyandobjectivelyabout

thepeopleandtheplacesheknewbest.

SectionB

Directions:YoushouldanswerQuestions67-75whicharebasedonthefollowingpassages,Mark

youranswerontheanswersheet.

PartOne

AAirpollutionisincreasinglybecomingthefocusofgovernmentandcitizenconcernaroundtheglobe.FromMexicoCityandNewYork,toSingaporeandTokyo,newsolutionstothisoldproblemarebeingproposed,trialledandimplementedwitheverincreasingspeed.Itisfearedthatunlesspollutionreductionmeasuresareabletokeeppacewiththecontinuedpressuresofurbangrowth,airqualityinmanyoftheworld’smajorcitieswilldeterioratebeyondreason.

BActionisbeingtakenalongseveralfronts:throughnewlegislation,improvedenforcementandinnovativetechnology.InLosAngeles,stateregulationsareforcingmanufacturerstotrytosellevercleanercars:ihcirfirstofthecleanest,titled“ZeroEmissionVehicles”，havetobeavailablesoon,sincetheyareintendedtomakeup2percentofsalesin1997.LocalauthoritiesinLondonarecampaigningtobeallowedtoenforceantipollutionlawsthemselves;atpresentonlythepolicehavethepowertodoso,buttheytendtobebusyelsewhere.InSingapore,rentingoutroadspacetousersisthewayofthefuture.

CWhenBritain’sRoyalAutomobileClubmonitoredtheexhaustsof60,000vehicles,itfoundthat12percentofthemproducedmorethanhalfthetotalpollution.Oldercarsweretheworstoffenders;thoughasizeablenumberofquirenewcarswerealsoidentifiedasgrosspolluters,theyweresimplybadlytuned.Californiahasdevelopedaschemetogetthesegrosspollutersoffthestreets:theyofferaflat$700foranyold,run-downvehicledriveninbyitsowner.Theaimistoremovetheheaviest-polluting,mostdecrepitvehiclesfromtheroads.

DAspartofaEuropeanUnionenvironmentalprogramm,aLondoncouncilistestinganinfra-redspectrometerfromtheUniversityofDenverinColorado.Itgaugesthepollutionfromapassingvehicle-moreusefulthantheannualstationarytestthatistheBritishstandardtoday?bybouncingabeamthroughtheexhaustandmeasuringwhatgetsblocked.Thecouncil’snextstepmaybetolinkthesystemtoacomputerizedvideocameraabletoreadnumberplatesautomatically.

ETheefforttocleanupcarsmaydolittletocutpollutionifnothingisdoneaboutthetendencytodrivethemmore.LosAngeleshassomeoftheworld’scleanestcars-farbetterthanthoseofEurope?butthetotalnumberofmilesthosecarsdrivecontinuestogrow.Onesolutioniscar-pooling,anarrangementinwhichanumberofpeoplewhosharethesamedestinationsharetheuseofonecar.However,theaveragenumberofpeopleinacaronthefreewayinLosAngeles,whichis1.3，hasbeenfallingsteadily.Increasingitwouldbeaneffectivewayofreducingemissionsaswellascasingcongestion.Thetroubleis,LosAngelenosseemtolikebeingaloneintheircars.

FSingaporehasforawhilehadaschemethatforcesdriverstobuyabadgeiftheywishtovisitacertainpartofthecity.Electronicinnovationsmakepossibleincreasingsophistication:ratescanvaryaccordingtoroadconditions,rimeofdayandsoon.Singaporeisadvancinginthisdirection,withacity-widenetworkoftransmitterstocollectinformationandchargedriversastheypasscertainpoints.Suchroad-pricing,however,canbecontroversial.WhenthelocalgovernmentinCambridge,England,consideredintroducingSingaporeantechniques,itfacedvocalandultimatelysuccessfulopposition.

PartTwo

Thescopeoftheproblemfacingtheworld’scitiesisimmense.In1992,theUnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgrammeandtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)concludedthatallofasampleoftwentymegacities-placeslikelytohavemorethantenmillioninhabitantsintheyear2023-alreadyexceededtheleveltheWHOdeemshealthyinatleastonemajorpollutant.Two-thirdsofthemexceededtheguidelinesfortwo,sevenforthreeormore.

OfthesixpollutantsmonitoredbytheWHO-carbondioxide,nitrogendioxide,ozone,sulphurdioxide,leadandparticulatematter-itisthislastcategorythatisattractingthemostattentionfromhealthresearchers.PM10,asub-categoryofparticulatemattermeasuringten-millionthsofametreacros