04 閱讀(C)真題精講

大學(xué)英語四級閱讀（C）真題精講ByMissWang目錄010203深度閱讀閱讀技巧真題解析01深度閱讀題型介紹文章長度300－350詞題材科普知識、社會文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)生活類文章體裁說明文或議論文答題要求時間20分鐘所占分值20%設(shè)置題型多項(xiàng)選擇題題目數(shù)量兩篇文章，共10道題目難點(diǎn)1.

文章一般包含4-6段（個別文章段落較多，每段長度則相對較短），文章不長但文中多為長難句，學(xué)生理解起來有一定難度。2.

題干中涉及部分定位詞，但即使依靠定位詞找到原文題目所在位置，若不仔細(xì)理解與之相關(guān)的上下文信息很難選出正確答案。3.

選項(xiàng)中干擾項(xiàng)迷惑性大，不易直接找到正確答案。02閱讀技巧快讀主題句尋找答案細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題/推理判斷題答題技巧快讀主題句尋找答案（一）快讀哪些內(nèi)容？（二）哪些句子不讀？快讀哪些內(nèi)容？要了解文章大意，通常讀為各段的首（尾）句，以及最后一段最后一句。四級閱讀文章一般在3－7段居多，有些描述性文章的段落會多些。通常我們需要通讀段落首尾句，這對于解題有著十分重要的意義。命題規(guī)律命題規(guī)律1：如前所述，多數(shù)文章的段落首句是把握文章主旨的重要線索。一般說來，文章開頭或結(jié)尾往往表達(dá)了文章的中心思想。若時間有限，通常只需讀首尾段，便極有可能在其中發(fā)現(xiàn)答案。命題規(guī)律2：有些文章首尾句經(jīng)常是細(xì)節(jié)題定位的句子，甚至本身含有答案。

命題規(guī)律3：有些文章首尾句所體現(xiàn)出的文章大意雖然其具體程度不足以解出主旨題，但足以用來排除細(xì)節(jié)題中的偏離主題的選項(xiàng)。（二）哪些句子不讀？

同位語和較長的后置定語（如人物身份，句子中間的非限制性定語從句），很長的專有名詞（如機(jī)構(gòu)名稱）等。這些信息需要用跳讀（skip）的方法，略去不讀。

在文章里，經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)此類文字信息，目的是為了干擾視線。實(shí)際上，沒有必要去弄明白某人是什么大學(xué)的什么教授，也不必急著去了解美國一個部門的全稱或縮寫是什么具體意思，因?yàn)轭}目中極少直接考這樣的細(xì)節(jié)信息。做題時即使需要此類信息，利用人名或其它專有名詞都是開頭字母大寫的特征很容易找到。細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題/推理判斷題規(guī)律1：列舉、并列處?？?/p>

通常說來，原文連續(xù)提到三個以上的事物就成為列舉和并列，典型的列舉句式為“First,...Second,...，Third,...”；典型的并列句式為“A，BandC…”。規(guī)律2：特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)處?？?/p>

破折號、括號、冒號都可以表示解釋、說明；引號表示引用某人的觀點(diǎn)；感嘆號表示作者的感情、態(tài)度。這些特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)前后的信息都常常是考點(diǎn)。規(guī)律3:人名或?qū)Ｓ忻~處?？?/p>

文章中出現(xiàn)人名或?qū)Ｓ忻~時，常會出細(xì)節(jié)題和推論題?？上雀鶕?jù)專有名詞在原文找到有關(guān)的信息來源，再仔細(xì)閱讀信息內(nèi)容，查找正確答案。規(guī)律4：舉例、打比方處常考

議論文中，作者常用具體的例子來佐證自己的觀點(diǎn)，用打比方的辦法使所要論及的事物通俗易懂；這類詞常見的有suchas,forinstance，acaseinpoint,as…as等。

規(guī)律5:絕對性詞匯，唯一詞匯及最高級處?？嘉恼轮腥舫霈F(xiàn)must，all,anyone，always，never等絕對性詞匯，或者only,sole，unique

等唯一詞匯或first,most，last，1east等最高級詞匯，因?yàn)橐饬x絕對，答案一般會出細(xì)節(jié)題。規(guī)律6:指代處常考指代一般涉及代詞(如they,it,he,she,this,that,these，those等)的所指。代詞的所指通常在上文出現(xiàn)，因此只需看該代詞之前的一兩句，并注意代詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，即可找到其所指。規(guī)律7:轉(zhuǎn)折、對比處?？嘉恼轮谐霈F(xiàn)however,but,while,whereas,instead,yet,atthesametime,nevertheless,nonetheless,otherthan等表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ群x的連詞或副詞時常易出考題，它們通常表示兩個事物、觀點(diǎn)、情況等的對比；有的還體現(xiàn)出作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)。

規(guī)律８：因果關(guān)系?？?/p>

因果關(guān)系可以用不同的詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)，例如：●連詞：because，since，for，as，so,therefore，consequently，asaresult等?！駝釉~或動詞詞組：cause，resultin(接結(jié)果)，resultfrom(接原因)，owe…to，attribute…

to，originatefrom，arisefrom等?！衩~：basis，cause，result，consequence等。做題時特別要注意那些表示隱性因果關(guān)系的詞、短語或結(jié)構(gòu)。規(guī)律9：文中“to”引導(dǎo)不定式表示目的處會考規(guī)律10：段落或句群的概括?？歼@種推斷題類似主題概括題，考題針對的是段落或句群的主題，而并非其中的某一句話，因此需理解段落或句群中的所有句子才能做出正確的推斷。03真題解析真題解析（2019年6月）PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AccordingtothemajorityofAmericans,womenareeverybitascapableofbeinggoodpoliticalleadersasmen.Thesamecanbesaidoftheirabilitytodominatethecorporateboardroom.AndaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurveyonwomenandleadership,mostAmericansfindwomenindistinguishablefrommenonkeyleadershiptraitssuchasintelligenceandcapacityforinnovation,withmanysayingthey’restrongerthanmenintermsofbeingpassionateandorganizedleaders.Sowhy,then,arewomeninshortsupplyatthetopofgovernmentandbusinessintheUnitedStates?Accordingtothepublic，atleast,it’snotthattheylacktoughness，managementtalentorproperskillsets.真題解析（2019年6月）

It’salsonotallaboutwork-lifebalance.Althougheconomicresearchandprevioussurveyfindingshaveshownthatcareerinterruptionsrelatedtomotherhoodmaymakeitharderforwomentoadvanceintheircareersandcompetefortopexecutivejobs，relativelyfewadultsintherecentsurveypointtothisasakeybarrierforwomenseekingleadershiproles.Onlyaboutone-in-fivesaywomen’sfamilyresponsibilitiesareamajorreasonwhytherearen’tmorefemalesintopleadershippositionsinbusinessandpolitics.

Instead,toppingthelistofreasons,aboutfour-in-tenAmericanspointtoadoublestandardforwomenseekingtoclimbtothehighestlevelsofeitherpoliticsorbusiness，wheretheyhavetodomorethantheirmalecounterpartstoprovethemselves.Similarsharessaytheelectorate(選民）andcorporateAmericaarejustnotreadytoputmorewomenintopleadershippositions.

Asaresult,thepublicisdividedaboutwhethertheimbalanceincorporateAmericawillchangeintheforeseeablefuture，eventhoughwomenhavemademajoradvancesintheworkplace.While53%believemenwillcontinuetoholdmoretopexecutivepositionsinbusinessinthefuture，44%sayit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforeasmanywomenareintopexecutivepositionsasmen.Americansarelessdoubtfulwhenitcomestopolitics：73%expecttoseeafemalepresidentintheirlifetime.真題解析（2019年6月）46.WhatdomostAmericansthinkofwomenleadersaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurvey?A.Theyhavetodomoretodistinguishthemselves.B.Theyhavetostrivehardertowintheirpositions.C.Theyarestrongerthanmenintermsofwillpower.D.Theyarejustasintelligentandinnovativeasmen.46.首段最后一句:Andaccordingtoa

newPewResearchCentersurveyonwomenandleadership，mostAmericansfindwomenindistinguishablefrommenonkeyleadershiptraitssuchasintelligenceandcapacityforinnovation，…

D

女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者研究中心調(diào)查區(qū)分，使表現(xiàn)突出努力爭取她們的職位在意志力方面和男性一樣智慧和創(chuàng)新無區(qū)別的特質(zhì)，特性真題解析（2019年6月）47.Whatdowelearnfromprevioussurveyfindingsaboutwomenseekingleadershiproles?A.Theyhaveunconquerabledifficultiesontheirwaytosuccess.B.Theyarelackinginconfidencewhencompetingwithmen.C.Theirfailuresmayhavesomethingtodowithfamilyduties.D.Relativelyfewarehinderedintheircareeradvancement.47.定位到第三段第二句：Althougheconomicresearchandprevioussurveyfindingshaveshownthatcareerinterruptionsrelatedtomotherhoodmaymakeitharderforwomentoadvanceintheircareersandcompetefortopexecutivejobs，relativelyfewadultsintherecentsurveypointtothisasakeybarrierforwomenseekingleadershiproles.C先前的調(diào)查結(jié)果尋求領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色不可征服的與…競爭與…有關(guān)職業(yè)發(fā)展失敗缺少阻礙障礙高管職位母親真題解析（2019年6月）48.Whatistheprimaryfactorkeepingwomenfromtakingtopleadershippositions

accordingtotherecentsurvey?A.Personalitytraits.B.Genderbias.C.Familyresponsibilities.D.Lackofvacancies.48.第四段第一句：Instead,toppingthelistofreasons,aboutfour-in-tenAmericanspointtoadoublestandardforwomenseekingtoclimbtothehighestlevelsofeitherpoliticsorbusiness,wheretheyhavetodomorethantheirmalecounterpartstoprovethemselvesB主因擔(dān)任最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)人格特質(zhì)職位空缺性別偏見證明對女性的雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)真題解析（2019年6月）49.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutcorporateAmericainthenearfuture?A.Moreandmorewomenwillsitintheboardroom.B.Genderimbalanceinleadershipislikelytochange.C.Thepublicisundecidedaboutwhetherwomenwillmakegoodleaders.D.Peoplehaveopposingopinionsastowhetheritwillhavemorewomenleaders.49.最后一段第一、二句:Asaresult,thepublicisdividedaboutwhethertheimbalanceincorporateAmericawillchangeintheforeseeablefuture，eventhoughwomenhavemademajoradvancesintheworkplace.While53%believemenwillcontinuetoholdmoretopexecutivepositionsinbusinessinthefuture,44%sayit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforeasmanywomenareintopexecutivepositionsasmen.D性別比例失衡企業(yè)在不遠(yuǎn)的將來會議室相反的猶豫不決在可預(yù)見的將來真題解析（2019年6月）50.WhatdomostAmericansexpecttoseesoononAmerica’spoliticalstage?A.Awomaninthehighestpositionofgovernment.B.Moreandmorewomenactivelyengagedinpolitics.C.Amajorityofwomenvotingforafemalepresident.D.Asmanywomenintopgovernmentpositionsasmen.50.最后一段最后一句:Americansarelessdoubtfulwhenitcomestopolitics：73%expecttoseeafemalepresidentintheirlifetime.A大部分的投票給美國的政治舞臺從事女性總統(tǒng)懷疑的真題解析（2019年6月）PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage，andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.TheresultsrevealthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobedueprimarilytoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare.“Anindividual’sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole，”headded.真題解析（2019年6月）Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages，saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege.“Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,”hesaid.“Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular(心血管的）diseaseamongtallerpeople.”Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanycountriesofnorthandsub-SaharanAfricacausesconcern，saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s，”saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment，hesays，ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotentialintermsofheight.Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications.“Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin，”hesaid.“Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.”真題解析51.Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople’sheightinthelasthundredyears?A.Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.B.Therehasbeenamarkedincreaseinmostcountries.C.Theincreaseinpeople’sheighthasbeenquickening.D.Theincreaseinwomen’sheightisbiggerthaninmen’s.文章第一段：Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.B非凡的顯著的大陸大洲加速平均伊朗韓國真題解析52.WhatdoesJamesBenthamsayaboutgeneticsintheincreaseofpeople’sheight?A.Itcountslessthangenerallythought.B.Itoutweighs

nutritionandhealthcare.C.Itimpactsmoreonanindividualthanonapopulation.D.Itplaysamoresignificantroleinfemalesthaninmales.第三段:JamesBentham，aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobedueprimarilytoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare.“Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight，butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations，geneticsplaysalesskeyrole，”headded.C遺傳學(xué)超過，比…重要起重要作用影響真題解析53.WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?A.Theytendtolivelonger.B.Theyenjoyaneasierlife.C.Theygenerallyriskfewerfataldiseases.D.Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.第四段：Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantage