上海延安中學(xué)新高考?jí)狠S卷英語試卷及答案解析

上海延安中學(xué)新高考?jí)狠S卷英語試卷請(qǐng)考生注意：1．請(qǐng)用2B鉛筆將選擇題答案涂填在答題紙相應(yīng)位置上，請(qǐng)用0．5毫米及以上黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將主觀題的答案寫在答題紙相應(yīng)的答題區(qū)內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙上均無效。2．答題前，認(rèn)真閱讀答題紙上的《注意事項(xiàng)》，按規(guī)定答題。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．Citizensare_____toexercisetheirrights,butundernocircumstancescantheyviolateotherpeople’srights.A．ontrack B．onscheduleC．a(chǎn)tease D．a(chǎn)tliberty2．Whencaught_____intheexam,hebeggedfortheteacher’spardonandtried______punishment.A．cheating;escapingB．tobecheating;toescapeC．cheating;toescapeD．tobecheating;escaping3．—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it'stoobad.You________havemadefullpreparations.A．must B．can C．would D．should4．IwillbesurprisedifyoucangetCalvin,whoisaclose-fistedman,thesedonationdrawticketsfromyou.A．buy B．buyingC．buys D．tobuy5．Theboythefirstprize,buthewassocarelessastomakeafoolishmistake.A．musthavegained B．needhavegainedC．couldhavegained D．shallhavegained6．Obviously,agoodhabithelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.A．need B．must C．can D．shall7．—Whatabouttheprotectionofthesenewmachines?—Let’skeepthesurface________dustbyputtingacoveroverthem.A．farfromB．a(chǎn)partfromC．freefromD．a(chǎn)wayfrom8．-Areyoureadyforthehistorytesttomorrow?-No,IwishI_____theclockback.A．hadturned B．couldturnC．willturn D．wouldhaveturned9．Iquicklyloweredmyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessothathewouldn'tfeel________.A．challenged B．challengingC．tobechallenged D．havingchallenged10．______thedifferencebetweenthetwofindingsisoneoftheworstmistakesyou’vemade.A．IgnoredB．IgnoringC．ToignoreD．Havingignored11．Modestyisakindofgoodquality,whichis______ittakestobeyourpersonalbest.A．what B．where C．which D．when12．AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeis________happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.A．Which B．thatC．what D．where13．—Whyareyousolate?—Thedrivercouldn’tseeclearlybecauseofthefog．____,theroadwastooicy．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Besides14．Someofthem,______inruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.A．tobebornandbroughtup B．bornandbroughtupC．havingbornandbroughtup D．havingbeenbornandbroughtup15．Inthe"moongarden"onboardtheChang'e4,theshootsofcottonmarkedthefirstlivematterever_____onthemoon.A．havinggrownB．tobegrownC．beinggrownD．grown16．Frankly,Istillfeelconfusedabout_________hecouldmanagewithoutaccesstotheInternetforsuchalongtime.A．what B．why C．that D．how17．Hisadvicemademehappy,but____othersangry.A．making B．tomake C．/ D．make18．Itwasn’tuntilthen_______theirmarriagewasbreakingupbecausetheyhadlittleincommon.A.didIrealize B.thatIrealizedC.hadIrealize D.whenIrealized19．—Doyouknowourtownatall?—Surely,thisisthethirdtimeI________here.A．cameB．comeC．havecomeD．a(chǎn)mcoming20．—HaveyouheardfromJanerecently?—No，butI________heroverChristmas.A．sawB．willbeseeingC．haveseenD．havebeenseeing第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21．（6分）InformationonTravellinginSingaporeMoneymattersThecurrencyinSingaporeistheSingaporedollar(S$).Moneychangingservicescanbefoundatmanyshoppingcentresandhotelsaroundtheisland,andtheATMs(generallyopen24/7)acceptmostofthemaincreditcardssuchasVisa,MasterCardandAmericanExpress.HotelReservationsandAccommodationUponarrivalattheairport,pleasevisitits24-hourhotelreservationscounters,whichcanhelpgetyouaroominyourpreferredhotel.Paymentforthefirstnightisrequireduponconfirmation.LostPassport/SingaporeImmigrationServicesShouldyouloseyourpassport,wesuggestyoumakeapolicereport,thenheadtotheImmigration&CheckpointsAuthoritytogetatemporaryvisa.Finally,informyourrespectiveembassysothatyoucangetthroughcustomswhenyoureachhome.TippingTippingisnotacommonpracticeinSingaporeasmosthotelsandrestaurantsincludea10%servicechargeinthefinalbill.Whiletippingisnotexpected,itisappreciated,beitinrestaurantswherethereisnoservicecharge,oranywherewhereexcellentserviceisprovided.SmokingIfyouareasmoker,youwillhavetoresisttheurgetolightupinair-conditionedareassuchasshoppingcentres,restaurants,entertainmentoutletsandcinemas.Smokingisalsoanoffenceinpublicbuses,theMRTtrains,taxisandlifts.AmaximumofS$1000canbeimposedonfirst-timeoffenders.Ageneralruleofthumbisthatifthereisanashtraysupplied,goforit.270、WhichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribethemoneychangingsysteminSingapore?A．Difficult. B．Convenient.C．Traditional. D．Original.1、Whatisessentialifyouwanttobookahotelroomattheairport?A．YoumuststayinSingaporefor24hours.B．Youshouldgotoyourpreferredhotel.C．Youaresupposedtopayforthefirstnight.D．Youmustspendthefirstnightattheairport.2、HowmanystepsaresuggestedthatyoushouldfollowifyouloseyourpassportinSingapore?A．2. B．3.C．4. D．5.3、Onwhichofthefollowingoccasionsareyouexpectedtotip?A．Whenyouthinkthattheserviceisverygood.B．Whenyoureceiveagiftfromafriend.C．Whenyouleaveaverygoodrestaurant.D．Whenyouarefacedwithanydifficulty.4、SmokingisstrictlyforbiddeninthefollowingareasEXCEPT______.A．inanair-conditionedrestaurant B．inabusC．inaconferenceroom D．byanashtray22．（8分）Onedayyourpocketmightpoweryoursmartphone．Soonyoumayneverhavetoworryaboutyoursmartphonerunningoutofjuice．Yourclothingwillsimplypoweritbackupforyou．That'sthewordfromscientistsatChina'sChongqingandJinanUniversitiesinastudyjustpublishedinthejournalACSNano．Researchershavebeenhardatworkduringthelastfewyearstryingtocreatewearableenergy，orclothesthatcanchargethings．Theassumptionissimple．Peopletodayrelyheavilyupondevicessuchassmartphonesandtablets．Andthey'relookingforwaystorechargethesedevicesonthego．Soifyoucoulddesignclothingfabricthatcouldmakeuseofsolarpower-oneofthemostwidelyavailableandinexhaustiblerenewableenergysources-you'dbeabletochargeyourvariousdeviceswithease．Scientistshavehadsomepastsuccesscreatingenergy-harvestingfibers．Buttherewasalwaysoneproblemwhentheytriedtofashionthesethreadsintoself-poweredsmartclothes：Thefiberstheydesignedgotdamagedduringtheclothingmanufacturingprocess，namelyduringtheweavingandcutting．TheChongqingandJinanUniversityscientistssaythey'vesolvedthisproblembecausetheenergy-collectingandenergy-storingthreadstheycreatedarehighlyflexible-eachindividualthreadiseasilybendable，andnotsimplythefabricasawhole．Theteam'ssampletextilecanbefullychargedto1.2voltsin17secondsbyexposuretosunlight-enoughvoltagethatyourfuturesmartT-shirtorsmartdressmightbeabletopowersmallelectronics．It'sdurable，too；theirresearchshowedtherewasnodescentinthefabricafter60days．Butdon'tworrythatthismeansthefabricissimilartoroughcloth．Thescientistsnotetheirtextilecanbefashionedintonumerousdifferentpatterns，andtailoredintoanydesignedshape，withoutaffectingperformance．1、Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"runningoutofjuice"inParagraph1mean？______A．Beinglackinginenergy． B．Wantingtohavesomejuice．C．Beingpickedoutofadrink． D．Havingsomewaterrunningout．2、Whycouldsmartdresschargeaphone？______A．Asolarcellisattachedtothedress．B．Thefabricofthetextilecontainscurrent．C．Thefabricofthetextileiseasilybendable．D．Thefabricofthetextilecouldcollectandstorethesolarenergy．3、Whatisthescientists'attitudetowardsthescientifictechnology？______A．Optimistic． B．Pessimistic．C．Neutral． D．Doubtful．4、Thispassageiswrittento______．A．persuadereaderstobuynewclothesB．informreadersofthewaystousetheirdevicesC．introducenewwearableenergytoreadersD．remindreaderstowearsmartclothes23．（8分）AttheendofthespringsemesterinMay,studentstakingGeorgiaTech’sonlineKnowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligencecoursereceivedsomesurprisingnews.JillWatson,oneofthenineteachingassistants(TAs)thathadhelpedthemfinishthechallengingcourseforthepastfivemonthswasnota“she”butan“it”—anintelligentrobot!WatsonisthebrainchildofAshokGoel,whoteachesthepopularonlinecourse.TheProfessorofComputerandCognitiveScienceintheSchoolofInteractiveComputingcameupwiththeideaasawaytodealwiththenumberofquestionsposedbystudentsintheonlineforums(論壇).AccordingtoGoel,everytimethecourseisoffered,the300orsostudentsthatenrollpostover10,000questions.Thequestionsareoftenrepetitive.ThisledGoeltowonderifasmartrobotwouldhandlethequestionswhichrequirestandardresponses—thingslikedateswhenassignmentsaredue.HavingworkedwithIBM’sWatsontechnologyplatforminthepast,theprofessorknewitwouldbeidealforhisartificialTA:JillWatson.Theartificialintelligencesystemthatusesnaturallanguageprocessingandmachinelearningtoanalyzelargeamountsofdatahasevenbeenclevererthanhumancompetitorsonthetelevisionshow.Itwouldthereforeeasilybeabletohandleroutinequestionsthatrequiredlittle“thinking”.TheprofessorandhisteamofgraduatestudentsbeganbypopulatingJill’smemorywith40,000questionsandanswersfrompastterms.Thencamethetestingstage.Atfirst,Jillwasnotverygoodandoftengavestrangeanswers.Itoftengotstuckoncertainkeywords.Bytheendofthesemester,JillhadattainedenoughknowledgeandskillstoparticipateinforumswithoutanymanagementfromGoel,ortheotherassistants.1、Whatsurprisedthestudentswhotaketheonlinecourse?A．Thecoursewasinterestingbutchallenging.B．Ateachingassistantwasn’tarealperson.C．JillWatsonisahard-workingTA．D．Theyallfailedtopasstheircourse.2、What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ARobotofGeorgiagivesanonlinecourseB．AshokGoelCameupwiththeIdeaofJillWatsonC．JillWatson—OneoftheNineTeachingAssistantsD．GeorgiaTech’sTeachingAssistantTurnOuttoBeaRobot3、WhydidGoeldecidetoinventasmartrobot?A．Anumberofstudentstookhisonlinecourse.B．Asmartrobotisclevererthanahumanbeing.C．Toomanysimilarquestionsaretobedealtwith.4、Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Studentsshoulddealwithroutinequestions.B．Jillismainlyinchargeofpostingsurprisingnews.C．TheTAsgivestudentshomeworkatacertaintime.D．GoelissatisfiedwithJill’spresentperformance.24．（8分）Morethan10millionChineseculturalrelicshavebeenlostoverseas,lotsofwhichwerestolenandillegallyshippedoutofChinaduringthetimesofwarbefore1949.About1.67millionpiecesarehousednomorethan200museumsin47countries,whichaccountsfor10percentofalllostChineseculturalrelics,andtherestareinthehandsofprivatecollectors.MostofthesetreasuresareownedbymuseumsorprivatecollectorsintheUnitedStates,Europe,JapanandSoutheastAsiancountries.Therearemorethan23,000piecesintheBritishMuseum,mostofwhichwerestolenorboughtforpenniesmorethan100yearsago.Themajormethodtorecoverthesenationaltreasureswastobuythemback.Insomecases,privatecollectorsdonatedtherelicstothegovernment.Alsothegovernmentcanturnloofficialchannelsin)todemandthereturnofrelics.In2003,apricelessbronzepig'sheaddatingfromtheQingDynastywasreturnedtoitshomeinBeijingafteritwasremovedbytheAnglo-FrenchAlliedArmyover140yearsago.Macaoentrepreneur(企業(yè)家)StanleyHodonated6millionyuantobuyitbackfromaUSartcollectorandthendonatedittothePolyArtMuseuminBeijing.Althoughbuying-backisthemostfeasiblewaytorecoverthelosttreasures,limitedfundingisalwaysabigheadache.Inrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasimprovedeffortstorecoverthepreciousculturalrelicslostoverseas.Ithasstartedanationalprojectontherecoveryofthetreasuresandhassetupadatabase(數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù))collectingrelevantinformation.Ithassignedseveralinternationalagreementswithmanycountriesonthismatter,andisalsolookingforinternationalcooperationtorecovertherelicsbyworkingcloselywithseveralinternationalorganizations.1、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．ThewaystorecoverculturalrelicsB．TheeffortstorecoverChineseculturalrelicsC．StanleyHodonatedabronzepig'sheadtoBeijing.D．ChineseculturalrelicswerestolenbytheAnglo-FrenchAlliedArmy.2、Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_________.A．Chinahasenoughmoneytobuyalltheculturalrelicsback.B．theChinesegovernmenthasdonealottorecoverthelostculturalrelicsC．manycountrieshavereturnedthelostculturalrelicstoChinaforfreeD．Chinaispreparingtosetupadatabasetocollectinformationaboutthelostculturalrelics3、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthebronzepigsheadisNOTtrue?A．ItwasmadeintheQingDynasty.B．ItisnowinthePolyArtMuseuminBeijingC．ItwasdonatedbytheFrenchgovernmenttoChina.D．ItwasremovedbytheAnglo-FrenchAlliedArmyover140yearsago4、Theunderlinedword"feasible"inParagraph5canbereplacedby“_______”.A．possibleB．difficultC．wonderfulD．careful25．（10分）Deardaughters,Mostparentstelltheirchildren,“Youcanbeanythingyouwantwhenyougrowup.”IfeelthesameandIsaythisoften.ButIalsowantyoutounderstandthatadreamitselfcomesfromhardwork,somegoodluckandgoodtiming.Girls,herearesomewordsofwisdomasyoumakeyourwayintheworld.Firstly,beopen-mindedtochangingyourpathalongtheway.Inhighschool,Iwantedtobeapolitician.IleftmyhometownandwentofftocollegeinWashington,D．C．There,IdiscoveredthatIlovedtosupportwomen.IttaughtmethatI’mcreative,astrongleaderandgreatatmarketing.Asaresult,Imovedontobetheheadofanationalhealthcarenonprofit（非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)）.Becomingamotherwhileinthatjobopenedmymindtolaunchingabreastpumpbagbusiness.NowIrunahighlysuccessfulcompanythatIstarteduponmyown.Inmyopinion,youneedtofigureoutwhatyouaregoodatandwhatyouarepassionateabout.Keepanopenmind:theinitialpathyouchoosemayleadyouintootherareas.Don’twasteyourmoneyortime,butyoucanchangewhatyouaredoingbasedonwhatyouarelearningaboutyourself.Secondlyandmoreimportantly,rememberthatfailureisvitaltoyoursuccess.Iwon’ttellyoutofeelgoodaboutfailure.Failurecanbeheartbreaking.ButIwilltellyouthateveryfailureI’vehadalongthewayabsolutelymademebetter.FailingthemathexaminhighschoolandgoingtosummerschoolwasembarrassingbutI'veneverfailedanexamagain.Beingdeprived(剝奪)ofthejobforasignificantjobopportunitythatIwasmorethanqualifiedforbecauseofunfairassumptionshurtmebutIwentoutandgotabigjobatanationalorganizationatage27.It’sokaytogetangry!Takethatandturnitintopositiveaction.I’mproudtobearolemodeltoyouasamomandanentrepreneur(企業(yè)家).IhopeIinspireyoutobelievethatyoucanbeanythingyouwantandyoucanhaveanythingonyourlist.Itwillbemypleasuretowatchyourlivesunfoldbeforemyeyes.Love,YourMom1、Theauthorhasachievedherfinalgoalas________.A．a(chǎn)politicianB．a(chǎn)socialworkerC．a(chǎn)nentrepreneurD．theheadofanorganization2、Whatdoestheauthorthinkoffailurealongthewayinlife?A．Failureisimportanttosuccess.B．Failureisneverpositive.C．Failureisalwaysheartbreaking.D．Failuremakespeopleembarrassed.3、Theauthorwasoncedeprivedofasignificantjobopportunitybecause________.A．shelackedworkexperienceB．shewaswronglyjudgedasunfitforitC．ShewastooyoungD．shewasnotasqualifiedasothers4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Amom’sadviceB．Amom’slifestoriesC．BewiseinchoosingyourcareerD．Howtobesuccessfulinlife第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)．26．（30分）ManyyearsagoatChristmastimeIparkedmycarinthetowncentreonmywaytothepostofficetopostmyChristmascards.ItwasthelastpostingdayforChristmascardsiftheyweretobe1beforeChristmas.2IcameoutofthecarparkIsawaboywhowas3andholdinghisrighthandside.I4somebiggerboyshadperhapsbulliedhimandhewasin5.IhadtogotohisaidandseeifIcould6.Hetoldmethathissisterwhowasa7hadboughthimaChristmaspresent.Itwasamobilephone.Heonlyhaditdayswhenhe8itandcrackedthescreen!That’s9hewasholdinghisrighthandsideofhisbody—hismobilephonewasintheupperrighthandpocketofhiscoat.Thelittleguywasextremely10,tearsrollingdownhisfaceashetoldallthistome.Myheart11forhim.Itwasclearhe12hispresentandknewthatthiswasalotofmoneyforhis13tospendonhim,fornursesdidn’tmakemuchmoney.He’dbeentoaphoneshopandthey’dtoldhimitwouldbe￡80togetanew14.Ihadtohelp,thoughIwas15tomakeendsmeetmyself.Isearchedmypurseandgavetheboytheonly￡20Icouldfindandmadesome16astowhyIcouldonlygivehimsolittle.Ididn’twanthimtoknowitwasallIhaduntilpayday.Icouldnot17payforhisphonetoberepairedbutIhopethe18hereceivedfromastrangerwas19thatstayedwithhimwhenhebecameaman.TheChristmascardsnotgettingpostedsomehowdidn’tseem20;greaterissueshadbeenaddressedwithakindnessstamp.1、A．decorated B．received C．a(chǎn)ccepted D．bought2、A．Since B．Until C．As D．Unless3、A．sobbing B．fighting C．bleeding D．starving4、A．saw B．heard C．remembered D．thought5、A．pain B．surprise C．relief D．debt6、A．park B．pay C．leave D．help7、A．teacher B．nurse C．doctor D．1awyer8、A．lost B．sold C．dropped D．repaired9、A．when B．where C．how D．why10、A．sad B．tired C．grateful D．embarrassed11、A．beat B．jumped C．worried D．a(chǎn)ched12、A．destroyed B．missed C．valued D．disliked13、A．mother B．sister C．brother D．friend14、A．screen B．computer C．phone D．present15、A．preparing B．begging C．struggling D．deciding16、A．change B．excuse C．a(chǎn)pology D．noise17、A．fully B．usually C．hardly D．warmly18、A．money B．gift C．wish D．kindness19、A．somebody B．somewhere C．something D．sometime20、A．beautiful B．important C．possible D．expensive第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）語法填空。KeepingadiaryinEnglishisoneofthebestwaystoimproveourEnglishwritingability.Comparedwithotherformsofwriting,itisshorterandtakes__1．_(little)time.ItcanhelpustodevelopthehabitofthinkinginEnglish._2．__westicktothispractice,__3．_(gradual)we’lllearnhowtoexpress(表達(dá))ourselvesinEnglish.InkeepingadiaryinEnglish,wecertainlyrunupagainstmany__4．__(difficult).Inthefirstplace,itoften__5．_(happen)thatwehavetrouble_6．__(find)properwordsandphrasestogiveexpressiontoourmind.And_7．_isveryhardforustoputthemintoEnglishproperly.AsfarasIam_8．__(concern),mysuggestionisthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishdictionarywithineasyreach.WecanalsoturntoourEnglishteacherforhelp,ifnecessary.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis__9．__greatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishforthedevelopmentof__10．__(we)writingskills.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（滿分10分）28．（10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1、每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2、只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。TodayIwasintheshoppingcenterwithmyneighbor,whowastheretocollectseveralitemforafriend、Oneofthefriend’sparentswerestruckbyaseriousdisease、Whilestayingthere,Ibecameawareayoungmomwithherdaughter、Shewaspayingtheattentiontoherastheyshopped、Istoppedhertooffermyappreciationtohimforthefactwhichshewassodevotedtoherlittlegirl、IwentontosaythatIfeelsadtoseemomstextingortalkingontheircellphonesandcompletelyignoretheirchildren、Ipraisedherandtoldthelittlegirlthatshehadthegoodmominthewholeworld、Themomsmiled,obviousfeelinghappyatmywords、第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）29．（25分）假定你是李華。你的美國(guó)網(wǎng)友Eric打算寒假期間到中國(guó)來旅游。最近，他來信向你詢問來中國(guó)旅游時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)你用英語給他回封郵件。內(nèi)容包括：1.交通工具的選擇；2.購(gòu)物付款方式；3.天氣、飲食和住宿。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1、D2、C3、D4、D5、C6、C7、C8、B9、A10、B11、A12、C13、D14、B15、B16、D17、C18、Ｂ19、C20、B第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21、270、B1、C2、B3、A4、D22、1、A2、D3、A4、C23、A“smartdrug”takenbystudentstoimprovetheirperformancereallydoeswork,scientistshavefound.Thedrugmodafinil（莫達(dá)非尼）iscurrentlyusedtotreatsleepdisorder,butitiswidelyusedoff-labelbystudentstohelpthemreviseforexamsorfocusonlongessays.Untilnow,therehasbeenalackofclearevidenceoverwhetheritcanactuallyboostconcentrationandalertness.Butanewanalysisoftheresearchrevealeditdoesimproveplanninganddecisionmaking,flexibility,learningandmemory,andevencreativity.Thefindingsraiseseriousethical(處方的，道德的)questionsaboutwhethermodafinilshouldbe“classified,toleratedorcondemned”,scientistssaid.ProfessorGuyGoodwin,PresidentoftheEuropeanCollegesaid:“It’sthefirstrealexampleofa‘smartdrug’,whichcangenuinelyhelp,forexample,withexampreparation.”Previousethicaldiscussionsaroundsmartdrugsassumedmajoreffectsofthedrugsbeforeitwasclearthattherewereany,headded.Hecontinued“Ifcorrect,thepresentupdatemeanstheethicaldebateisreal:howshouldweclassify,tolerateorcondemnadrugthatimproveshumanperformance?”[Afifthofuniversitystudentsacrossthecountryclaimtohavetakensmartdrugs,

accordingtosurveysbystudentnewspaperTheTab.AndtheuseofmodafinilismostwidespreadatOxfordUniversity,whereaquarterofstudentshavereportedtohaveusedit.Overtheyear