第三部分 專題一 第2課時(shí)

題組一體驗(yàn)真題Passage1體裁：說明文話題：食品詞數(shù)：320時(shí)間：7′(2015·安徽卷，E)Foodservesasaformofcommunicationintwofundamentalways.Sharingbreadorotherfoodsisacommonhumantraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsohaveaspecificmeaning，andplayasignificantroleinafamilyorculture'scelebrationsortraditions.Thefoodsweeat—andwhenandhowweeatthem—areoftenuniquetoaparticularcultureormayevendifferbetweenrural(農(nóng)村的)andurbanareaswithinonecountry.Sharingbread，whetherduringaspecialoccasion(時(shí)刻)oratthefamilydinnertable，isacommonsymboloftogetherness.Manyculturesalsocelebratebirthdaysandmarriageswithcakesthatarecutandsharedamongtheguests.Earlyformsofcakeweresimplyakindofbread，sothistraditionhitsitsrootsinthecustomofsharingbread.FoodalsoplaysanimportantroleinmanyNewYearcelebrations.InthesouthernUnitedStates，piecesofcornbreadrepresentblocksofgoldforprosperity(興旺)intheNewYear.InGreece，peopleshareaspecialcakecalledvasilopita.Acoinisputintothecake，whichsignifies(預(yù)示)successintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.Manycultureshaveceremoniestocelebratethebirthofachild，andfoodcanplayasignificantrole.InChina，whenababyisonemonthold，familiesnameandwelcometheirchildinacelebrationthatincludesgivingred－coloredeggstoguests.Inmanycultures，roundfoodssuchasgrapes，bread，andmooncakesareeatenatwelcomecelebrationstorepresentfamilyunity.Nutritionisnecessaryforlife，soitisnotsurprisingthatfoodissuchanimportantpartofdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】該篇介紹了食品作為一種交流的兩個(gè)基本方面，來(lái)說明它是世界各地不同文化的一個(gè)重要組成部分。1.Accordingtothepassage，sharingbread________.A.indicatesalackoffood B.canhelptodevelopunityC.isacustomuniquetoruralareasD.hasitsrootsinbirthdaycelebrations答案B[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第一段...canpromoteunityandtrust可知。]2.WhatdoesthecoininvasilopitasignifyforitsreceiverintheNewYear?A.Trust. B.Success.C.Health. D.Togetherness.答案B[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第三段signifies(預(yù)示)...successintheNewYear可知。]3.Theauthorexplainstheroleoffoodincelebrationsby________.A.usingexamples B.makingcomparisonsC.analyzingcauses D.describingprocesses答案A[考查推理判斷。由第三段可知。]4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thecustomofsharingfood. B.Thespecificmeaningoffood.C.Theroleoffoodinceremonies.D.Theimportanceoffoodinculture.答案D[考查主旨大意。由最后一段可知。]Passage2體裁：說明文話題：藝術(shù)詞數(shù)：360時(shí)間：8′(2015·重慶卷，E)Thevaluesofartisticworks，accordingtoculturalrelativism(相對(duì)主義)，aresimplyreflectionsoflocalsocialandeconomicconditions.Suchaview，however，failstoexplaintheabilityofsomeworksofarttoexcitethehumanmindacrossculturesandthroughcenturies.HistoryhaswitnessedtheendlessproductionsofShakespeareanplaysineverymajorlanguageoftheworld.ItisneverraretofindthatMozartpacksJapaneseconcerthalls，asJapanesepainterHiroshigedoesParisgalleries.Uniqueworksofthiskindaredifferentfromtoday'spopularart，eveniftheybeganasworksofpopularart.Theyhavesetthemselvesapartintheirtimelessappealandwillprobablybeenjoyedforcenturiesintothefuture.Ina1757essay，thephilosopherDavidHumearguedthatbecause“thegeneralprinciplesoftasteareuniform(不變的)inhumannature，”thevalueofsomeworksofartmightbeessentiallypermanent.HeobservedthatHomerwasstilladmiredaftertwothousandyears.Worksofthistype，hebelieved，spoketodeepandunvaryingfeaturesofhumannatureandcouldcontinuetoexistovercenturies.Nowresearchersareapplyingscientificmethodstothestudyoftheuniversalityofart.Forexample，evolutionarypsychologyisbeingusedbyliteraryscholarstoexplainthelong－lastingthemesandplotdevicesinfiction.Thestructuresofmusicalpiecesarenowopentoexperimentalanalysisasneverbefore.Researchfindingsseemtoindicatethatthecreationbyagreatartistisaspermanentanachievementasthediscoverybyagreatscientist.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說明文，主要介紹了藝術(shù)作品是永恒受歡迎的，原因是人類的審美具有共同性，并且就此展開說明。5.Accordingtothepassage，whatdoweknowaboutculturalrelativism?A.Itintroducesdifferentculturalvalues.B.Itexplainsthehistoryofartisticworks.C.Itrelatesartisticvaluestolocalconditions.D.Itexcitesthehumanmindthroughouttheworld.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句可知相對(duì)主義文化是地方社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的反應(yīng)。故選擇C。]6.InParagraph2，theartistsarementionedinordertoshowthat________.A.greatworksofartcangobeyondnationalboundariesB.historygivesartworksspecialappealtosetthemapartC.popularartsarehardlydistinguishablefromgreatartsD.greatartistsareskilledatcombiningvariouscultures答案A[細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段列舉的三個(gè)例子可以看出藝術(shù)作品是沒有國(guó)界的。故選擇A。]7.AccordingtoHume，someworksofartcanexistforcenturiesbecause________.A.theyareresultsofscientificstudyB.theyestablishsomegeneralprinciplesofartC.theyarecreatedbytheworld'sgreatestartistsD.theyappealtounchangingfeaturesofhumannature答案D[細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句thephilosopherDavidHumearguedthatbecause“thegeneralprinciplesoftasteareuniform(不變的)inhumannature，”thevalueofsomeworksofartmightbeessentiallypermanent.可知，選擇D。]8.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?A.AreArtisticValuesUniversal?B.ArePopularArtsPermanent?C.IsHumanNatureUniform?D.IsCulturalRelativismScientific?答案A[主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了藝術(shù)作品是永恒受歡迎的，因此其價(jià)值也是共同的。]Passage3體裁：記敘文話題：人物故事詞數(shù)：269時(shí)間：5′(2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，A)ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia，myhusband，Rashid，stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.Duringthefirstweekofhisstay，hewentoutonedaytodosomeshopping.Hecamebackinthelateafternoontodiscoverthathissuitcasewasgone.Hewasextremelyworriedasthesuitcasehadallhisimportantpapers，includinghispassport(護(hù)照).Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere，lostandlonelyinastrangecity，thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgettingallthepaperworkorganizedagainfromadistantcountrywhiletryingtosettledowninanewone.Lateintheevening，thephonerang.Itwasastranger.Hewastryingtopronouncemyhusband'snameandwasaskinghimalotofquestions.Thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapersintheirtrashcan(垃圾桶)thathadbeenleftoutonthefootpath.Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallhispapersanddocuments(文件).Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers.Herparentshadcarefullysortedthemout，althoughtheyhadfoundmainlyforeignaddressesonmostofthedocuments.Atlasttheyhadseenahalf－writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.Thatfamilynotonlyrestoredtheimportantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是記敘文，講述了作者丈夫行李箱中的文件失而復(fù)得的事情。通過這件事，作者一家又重新找回了對(duì)他人的信任。9.WhatdidRashidplantodoafterhisarrivalinSydney?A.Goshopping. B.Findahouse.C.Joinhisfamily. D.Takeavacation.答案B[事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“...stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.”可知作者到達(dá)悉尼計(jì)劃要做的事情就是為“我和孩子”找房子，故B項(xiàng)正確。]10.Thegirl'sparentsgotRashid'sphonenumberfrom________.A.afriendofhisfamilyB.aSydneypolicemanC.aletterinhispapersD.astrangerinSydney答案C[事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Atlasttheyhadseenahalf－writtenletterinthepile...toafriend.”可知作者的電話號(hào)碼是從文件中夾的一封信中找到的，故C項(xiàng)正確。]11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Showed. B.Sentout.C.Delivered. D.Gaveback.答案D[詞義猜測(cè)題。文章倒數(shù)第二段中講到小女孩一家努力找到失主的聯(lián)系方式并把重要文件物歸原主。這個(gè)善舉使作者一家不僅找回了文件，而且重新找回了對(duì)人的信任。故D項(xiàng)“歸還”正確。A.展示；B.發(fā)送；C.遞送。]12.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FromIndiatoAustralia.B.LivinginaNewCountry.C.TurningTrashtoTreasure.D.InSearchofNewFriends.答案C[主旨大意題。丈夫丟失的重要文件被丟到了垃圾箱，被一個(gè)好心的家庭整理好物歸原主，這些別人眼中的垃圾對(duì)作者丈夫來(lái)說非常珍貴。故C項(xiàng)最能體現(xiàn)文章大意。]Passage4體裁：說明文話題：動(dòng)物與植物詞數(shù)：330時(shí)間：6′(2014·上海卷，A)Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan'ttalk，butcantheylieinotherways?Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying，buttheydoagreethatmanyanimals，frombirdstochimpanzees，behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample，abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredator(獵食動(dòng)物)getsclosetoitsnest，theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe“hurt”adult，leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.Anotherkindofbird，thescrubjay，buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater，unburythefood，andburyitagainsomewhereelse.Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?Theydon'tmakenests.Instead，theygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscomeout，theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.Chimpanzees，orchimps，canalsobesneaky.Afterafight，thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand，too，thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.Chimpsaresneakyinotherways，too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove，suchasbananas，itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway，otherchimpsdon'thearthem，andtheydon'tneedtosharetheirfood.Aschildren，manyofuslearnthesaying“Youcan'tfoolMotherNature.”Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusther，either.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】動(dòng)物不會(huì)說話，但是它們會(huì)以其他方式說謊嗎？它們會(huì)以其身體和行為表現(xiàn)說謊嗎？動(dòng)物專家認(rèn)為很多動(dòng)物，從鳥類到黑猩猩，有時(shí)候在行為上表現(xiàn)不誠(chéng)實(shí)，用來(lái)欺騙其他動(dòng)物。這樣做常?？梢詭椭鼈冃颐庥陔y。13.Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby________.A.gettingclosertoitsyoungB.drivingawaytheadultpredatorC.leavingitsyounginanothernestD.pretendingtobeinjured答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第三、四、五句可知，鸻看到獵食動(dòng)物靠近鳥巢，它假裝翅膀受傷，獵食動(dòng)物緊跟著它，離開幼鳥所在的巢。故選D項(xiàng)。]14.By“Chimpanzees，orchimps，canalsobesneaky”(Paragraph5)，theauthormeans________.A.chimpsarereadytoattackothersB.chimpsaresometimesdishonestC.chimpsarejealousofthewinnersD.chimpscanbeselfishtoo答案B[推理判斷題。由黑體字后面的內(nèi)容可知，兩只黑猩猩打架后，失敗的那只會(huì)主動(dòng)向獲勝的那只握手言和，但動(dòng)物專家曾經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)一只失敗的黑猩猩握住獲勝者的手后，又開始打起來(lái)。從而可推斷出黑猩猩有時(shí)候是不誠(chéng)實(shí)的，故選B。]15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.B.Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shand.C.Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.D.Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.答案A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第四、五句可知，一些聰明的黑猩猩有時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)食物時(shí)小聲叫，這樣的話其他的黑猩猩聽不見叫聲，就不會(huì)過來(lái)和它們分享食物。]16.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Doanimalslie?B.DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?C.Howdoanimalslearntolie?D.Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?答案A[主旨大意題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，各種不同的動(dòng)物在行為上表現(xiàn)不誠(chéng)實(shí)各有各的原因。干擾項(xiàng)為C：動(dòng)物是如何學(xué)會(huì)撒謊的？文章內(nèi)容著重點(diǎn)在于動(dòng)物撒謊的目的而不是學(xué)習(xí)撒謊的過程。故C項(xiàng)可以排除。正確答案為A。]Passage5體裁：議論文話題：社會(huì)文化詞數(shù)：381時(shí)間：7′(2014·湖北卷，B)London'snewestskyscraper(摩天大樓)iscalledtheShardanditcostabout430millionpoundstobuild.Ataheightofalmost310metres，itisthetallestbuildinginEurope.TheShardhascompletelychangedtheappearanceofLondon.However，noteveryonethinksthatitisachangeforthebetter.TheShardwasdesignedbythefamousItalianarchitectRenzoPiano.WhenhebegandesigningtheShardforLondon，Pianowantedaverytallbuildingthatlookedlikeaspire(尖頂).Hewantedtheglasssurfacestoreflecttheskyandthecity.Thesidesofthebuildingaren'tregular.Sothebuildinghasanunusualshape.Itlookslikeaverythin，sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename：theShard.PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheShardispartofagreatLondontradition.TheshaperemindshimofthespiresofthechurchesofLondonorthetallmasts(桅桿)oftheshipsthatwereonceontheriverThames.TheShardhas87floors.Atthetop，thereisanobservatory.Atthemomentthebuildingisempty，buteventuallytherewillbeafive－starhotel.Therewillalsobetopqualityrestaurants，apartmentsandoffices.Beforebuildingworkbegan，alotofpeopledidn'twanttheShardthoughtheplanswereapproved.NowtheyarestillunhappyabouttheShard.SomecriticssaythatsuchatallskyscrapermightbegoodinacitylikeNewYork，butnotinLondon.TheysaythatthebestthingabouttheShardisitsspireshape.Butthatistheonlything.Thereisnodecoration，onlyflatsurfaces.TheEgyptiansdidthat4，500yearsago.TheyalsothinktheShardistoobigforLondon.Itdestroysthebeautyofthecity.Othercriticsdon'tlikewhattheShardseemstorepresent.TheysaythattheShardshowshowLondonisbecomingmoreunequal.Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuytheexpensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.ButthepeoplewholiveneartheShardareamongthepoorestinLondon.SotheShardseemsasymbolofthedivisioninsocietybetweentheveryrichandthepoor.TheShardnowdominatestheLondonskyline.Itisnotcertain，however，thatordinaryLondoncitizenswilleveracceptitasavaluableadditiontothecity.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】文章論述了倫敦新的摩天大樓theShard的建造所帶來(lái)的爭(zhēng)議。有人認(rèn)為它是英國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的傳承，是一項(xiàng)很好的變化。但也有批評(píng)者認(rèn)為Shard造成了社會(huì)(貧富)分化。17.London'snewestskyscraperiscalledtheShardbecauseof________.A.itscost B.itssizeC.itsshape D.itsheight答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四行到第五行Sothebuildinghasanunusualshape.Itlookslikeaverythin，sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename：Shard.可知答案為B。]18.WhenhedesignedtheShard，Pianowanteditto___________.A.changeLondon'sskylineB.inheritLondon'straditionC.imitatetheEgyptianstyleD.attractpotentialvisitors答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句：PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheShardispartofagreatLondontradition可知答案為B。]19.ThecriticswhorefertosocialdivisionthinktheShard________.A.isonlypreferredbytherichB.isintendedforwealthypeopleC.isfarawayfromthepoorareaD.ispopularonlywithLondoners答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第三句Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuytheexpensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.可知答案為B。]20.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheShard：CheersandClapsB.TheShard：WorkofaGreatArchitectC.TheShard：NewSymbolofLondon?D.TheShard：AChangefortheBetter?答案D[主旨大意題。整篇文章論述的是倫敦新的摩天大樓的建造所帶來(lái)的爭(zhēng)議。有人認(rèn)為它是英國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的傳承，是一個(gè)很好的變化。但也有人提出質(zhì)疑，認(rèn)為Shard造成了社會(huì)(貧富)分化。因此答案選D。]題組二嘗試模擬Passage1體裁：議論文話題：城市化詞數(shù)：354時(shí)間：6′(2015·山東六校高三一模，E)TheUnitedNationsiswarningthattheworldisnotpreparedtodealwiththefastgrowthofcities.TheWorldEconomicandSocialSurvey2013callsfornewwaystomeettheneedsofcitypopulations.Morethan6.5billionpeopleareexpectedtobelivingincitiesby2050.Mostnewcitydwellerswillbeindevelopingcountries.TheUnitedNationssaystheeffectonlimitedresourcesinmanycountrieswillbehuge.TheWorldEconomicandSocialSurveypointstotheincreasingdemandforenergy，water，sanitation，publicservices，educationandhealthcare.Theworldpopulationisexpectedtorisetomorethanninebillionby2050and，twothirdsofallpeopleareexpectedtoliveincities.TheUnitedNationssaysabout80percentofthisgrowingurbanpopulationwillbefoundinAfricaandAsia.Thereportsayssustainabledevelopment(可持續(xù)發(fā)展)ofurbanareasrequirescoordinationandinvestmentstodealwithimportantissues，whichincludelanduse，foodsecurity，jobcreationandtransportation.WillemVanDerGeest，whoiswiththeUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs，sayscitiesneedtoworkcloselywithruralcommunitiessothatfoodsuppliescanbesecured，andtheenvironmentcanbeprotected.“Weneedenoughintegration(整合，融合)withcities...Anintegrationbetweentheruralandurbaneconomiesisabsolutelyvitalforissuesofnutrition，foodsecurity，andenvironmentalsustainability.”Thereportsaysdevelopmentinasustainablewayisimportanttoendpoverty.Thereportalsoexaminestheproblemoffoodinsecurity，whichaffectshundredsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Oneineightpeoplestillseverelylacknutrition.UNofficialssaysomethingsareclear.TheAssistantSecretary－GeneralforEconomicDevelopment，ShamshadAkhtar，saysworldfoodproductionwillhavetoincreaseby70%，thatincreasewillbeneededtofeedtheadditional2.3billionpeopleexpectedontheplanetbythemiddleofthecentury.Shesaysanimportantpartofmeetingthatneedistowastelessfood.“Therehastobeeffortstoreducefoodwastage.”Foodandnutritionsecurityarecoreelementsofthesustainabledevelopmentagenda.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】聯(lián)合國(guó)發(fā)出警告說世界還沒有為快速的城市化進(jìn)程做好準(zhǔn)備。2013年世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)調(diào)查報(bào)告要求我們需尋求新的方法來(lái)滿足不斷增長(zhǎng)的城市人口的需要。1.Thesurveyincludesthefollowingstatementsexceptthat________.A.varietiesofdemandsarehardtomeetbecauseoftheincreasingpopulationinAfricaandAsiaB.onewaytoputanendtopovertyistobeabletodevelopforalongtimeC.transportationisanimportantissuetodealwithwhenitcomestosustainabledevelopmentofurbanareasD.hundredsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldareaffectedbytheproblemoffoodinsecurity答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。首先要注意題干中的except，即本題需考生找出調(diào)查報(bào)告不包括的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第七段中“Thereportsaysdevelopmentinasustainablewayisimportanttoendpoverty.”可排除B項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第四段的“transportation”可排除C項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第七段第二句“Thereportalsoexaminestheproblemoffoodinsecurity，whichaffectshundredsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.”可排除D項(xiàng)。]2.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat________.A.citiesgrowsofastthattheworldcan'tfindoutnewwaystodealwiththegrowingpopulationB.thegrowingcitydwellerswhomainlycomefromthedevelopingcountriesgreatlychallengelimitedresourcesintheworldC.sustainabledevelopmentofurbanareasrequirescoordinationandinvestmentstodealwithimportantissuesD.foodwastageisaneffectivewaytofeedtheadditional2.3billionpeoplebythemiddleofthecentury答案B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句可知答案為B項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容過于絕對(duì)，故被排除；第四段第一句為C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，不屬于推斷范疇，故被排除；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知解決食品短缺的方法是將糧食產(chǎn)量提高70%以滿足到本世紀(jì)中葉增長(zhǎng)的23億人口的需要，而滿足這一需要的一個(gè)重要部分是盡量減少對(duì)糧食的浪費(fèi)，由此可見注意糧食浪費(fèi)問題并不能完全解決食品短缺問題，故排除D項(xiàng)。]3.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheWorldEconomicandSocialSurvey2013B.CityPopulationWillIncreaseto9BillionC.CitiesNeedtoCooperatewithRuralAreasD.TheWorldIsNotPreparedtoDealwiththeFastGrowthofCities答案D[主旨大意題。作者在第一段第一句提出了文章的主題，故答案為D項(xiàng)。其他選項(xiàng)均為文章中的其中一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，并不能概括文章主題，故全被排除。]4.Thepassageischosenfrom________.A.atextbook B.atravelguideC.anovel D.anewspaper答案D[推理判斷題。文章介紹了快速的城市化進(jìn)程給我們帶來(lái)了很多問題，屬熱點(diǎn)問題，旨在讓人們對(duì)這一問題加以重視，由此可判斷本文應(yīng)出自報(bào)紙，而不是課本、旅游指南或小說。]Passage2體裁：議論文話題：教育詞數(shù)：278時(shí)間：5′(2015·北京西城一模，D)Today，wearetoldthatchildrendon'tspendenoughtimeinthefreshair.ManyofthemareaddictedtoascreeneitheronacomputeroraTV—theyseemtobelivinginavirtualworld.Theyhavelosttouchwithnature.Butnow400organizationsintheUK，fromplaygroupstotheNationalHealthService，areencouragingchildrentohavesome“wildtime”.Theywantkidstoswapatleast30minutesofwatchingTVorplayingcomputergamesfortimeplayingoutside.Activitiessuchasbuildingdens，climbingtrees，rummagingforconkersandplayinghideandseekarejustsomeofthethingskidscando.Eveniftheyliveinacity，theycangoonadventuresinthegardenorthepark.Childrenoftenneedahelpinghandfrommumanddad.Theyneedtobeshownwhattodoandwheretogo.AndySimpsonfromNationalHealthServicesays，“Wewantparentstoseewhatthismagicalwonderproductdoesfortheirkids'development，independenceandcreativity，bygivingwildtimeago.”Sodespitethecomplicatedworldthatyoungpeoplegrowupinnow，itseemsthatgoingbacktobasicsandexperiencing“nature'splayground”iswhatmodernchildrenneed.DavidBondfromProjectWildThingsays，“Weneedtomakemorespaceforwildtimeinchildren'sdailyroutine，freeingthisgenerationofkidstohavethesortofexperiencesthatmanyofustookforgranted”.Thismightsoundabitold－fashionedtoyouormaybe，likeme，it'smadeyouthinkaboutstickingonyourboots，gettingoutdoorsandrelivingyourchildhood.There'snoagelimitonenjoyingyourself!【語(yǔ)篇解讀】如今孩子們大都迷戀電視或電腦，而從事戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)間越來(lái)越少，這使得他們失去了與大自然接觸的機(jī)會(huì)。本文作者提出了鼓勵(lì)孩子進(jìn)行戶外活動(dòng)的建議。5.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.WildtimeforchildrenB.BenefitsofwildtimeC.MorespaceforchildrenD.Adventuresforchildren答案A[主旨大意題。文章開頭提出現(xiàn)在的兒童迷戀電腦、電視而缺少足夠的戶外時(shí)間，然而在第二段提出“wildtime”這一概念，由此展開行文。由此可見文章的中心是關(guān)于wildtime的，A項(xiàng)最能體現(xiàn)文章中心，故為答案。]6.Childrenareencouragedtodothefollowingactivitiesexcept________.A.buildingdens B.climbingtreesC.playinghideandseek D.watchingTV答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段作者提出的一些活動(dòng)可知D項(xiàng)不是作者鼓勵(lì)要做的事。]7.AccordingtoAndySimpson，weknowthat________.A.wildtimeishardtodesignB.wildtimeisbeneficialforchildrenC.parentsknowtheimportanceofwildtimeD.parentslikekeepingtheirchildrenindoors答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段AndySimpson所說“Wewantparentstoseewhatthismagicalwonderproductdoesfortheirkids'development，independenceandcreativity，bygivingwildtimeago.”可知戶外活動(dòng)對(duì)孩子們的成長(zhǎng)有好處，故答案為B項(xiàng)。]8.What'sthemainideaofParagraph4?A.Modernchildrenneedwildtime.B.Adultsvalueoutdooractivities.C.Thepresentworldiscomplicated.D.Thisgenerationofkidshavenofreedom.答案A[主旨大意題。第四段開頭指出“不管孩子現(xiàn)在成長(zhǎng)的社會(huì)多么復(fù)雜，返璞歸真以及感受大自然都是現(xiàn)代兒童所需要的”，然后作者又引用DavidBond的話來(lái)證明wildtime的必要性，由此可見A項(xiàng)最能體現(xiàn)本段的中心意思，故為答案。]Passage3體裁：議論文話題：空氣污染詞數(shù)：335時(shí)間：6′(2015·北京東城高三一模，C)ThefourthroundofheavysmogthathitBeijinginfourweekshassentmorepeopletothehospitalwithrespiratory(呼吸的)illnessesandledtocallsforlawstocontrolthepollution.PanShiyi，arealestatedeveloper，saidheisplanningtopropose(提出)aCleanAirActtothelocalgovernment.AsarepresentativeoftheBeijingMunicipalPeople'sCongress，hestartedanonlinesurveyat9：20a.m.Withinthreehours，morethan25，000webusers，or99percentoftotalrespondents，welcomedhisproposalonSinaWeibo，China'sTwitter.TheyhavegoodreasonstostandalongsidePan.Thelatestroundofhaze(霧霾)reducedvisibilitytounder500metersinmanypartsofthecity.Thesmoghasalsoledtoagreatincreaseinrespiratoryillnesses，particularlyamongchildrenandtheelderly.Anxiousparentsanddoctorsalmostallblamethesmoggyairfortheillnesses.Thoughmostschoolchildrenarehomeforthewinterholidays，thebadaircaneasilymoveindoors.Besides，ordinarymedicalmasksfailtoprovideadequateprotection，sosomepeoplehaveturnedtogasmasksandrespirators(呼吸器).Thecausesofthescarysmogarerathermysterious，thoughexpertsblameexcessiveemissionsandthemountainsaroundBeijingthattrappollutioninwinter，unlessthereisadequatewindtoclearitaway.SomecriticshavepointedfingersatChina'stoptwooilfirms，ChinaNationalPetroleumCorpandChinaPetrochemicalCorporation，sayingthecompanies'outdatedproductiontechnologiesproducelargequantitiesofsubstandard，high－pollutinggasfuel.Meanwhile，concernedBeijingershavemovedtheirbrainstormingsessionstocyberspace.IfPan'sproposalforaCleanAirActisadopted，netizenssaythenewlawshouldincludeitemsprovidingfor“car－freedays”intimesofsmog，higherstandardsforvehiclefuel，stricterrestrictionsonindustrialandexhaustgasemissions，andmoreeffectiveprotectionforthepublic.Beijingisnottheonlycitythathaseverlostthebluesky.FivedaysofthickfogcausedthousandsofdeathsinBritaininDecember1952，urgingthegovernmenttopassthefirstCleanAirActin1956，whichintroducedsmokelesszonesandcleanerfuelstoreducepollution.ThatmayprovidesomeexperienceforBeijingtoreferto.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】北京持續(xù)的霧霾天氣引發(fā)了公眾對(duì)空氣污染的關(guān)注，網(wǎng)民們紛紛呼吁政府制定《清潔空氣法案》。9.WhydidPanShiyistartanonlinesurvey?A.Toinvestigatethepublic'sopinionsonpollution.B.Totellpeoplethedangerofthesmoggyweather.C.Tocallonmorepeopletosupporthisproposal.D.Tocollectsupportingevidencesforhisproposal.答案D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容可知，潘石屹發(fā)起網(wǎng)上調(diào)查，是因?yàn)樗?jì)劃向地方政府提交《清潔空氣法案》的提議(proposal)，首先排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；再根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷，網(wǎng)上發(fā)起投票調(diào)查，是為了收集提議受到支持的證據(jù)，使其更具說服力，故答案選D。]10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peopleareclearaboutthecausesofthesmoggyweather.B.Childrenstayingindoorswillnotgetrespiratoryillnesses.C.Smogisworseforpeoplewithlowerresistancetodiseases.D.Maskscangivepeopleprotectionagainstthesmoggyweather.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句可知選C，霧霾導(dǎo)致呼吸性系統(tǒng)疾病的增長(zhǎng)，尤其在老人和兒童中(抵抗力較弱的人群)。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。]11.Britainismentionedinthelastparagraphto________.A.suggestBeijingshouldlearnfromothercountriesB.letpeopleknowmanyplaceshavethisproblemC.tellpeoplethesituationinBritainisworseD.callonthegovernmenttopassBritain'sCleanAirAct答案A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文最后一句可推斷出，舉例是建議北京向英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)，早日制定《清潔空氣法案》。]12.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheUseofGasMasksandRespiratorsB.BeijingersCallforaCleanAirActC.EffectiveProtectionforBlueSkyD.TheMysteriousCausesoftheScarySmog答案B[主旨大意題。文章介紹了北京持續(xù)出現(xiàn)的霧霾天氣導(dǎo)致的嚴(yán)重危害以及網(wǎng)民們呼吁制定《清潔空氣法案》，故B項(xiàng)符合文章主旨。]Passage4體裁：記敘文話題：體育運(yùn)動(dòng)詞數(shù)：319時(shí)間：6′(2015·河北四校高三聯(lián)考)InOctober2010，IleftmyhometownandfamilyinVirginiaandmovedtoIowasoIcouldbecoachedbyLiangChow.I'dbeendreamingofanOlympicgoldmedalsinceIwaseight—butgradually，thatdreamseemedlikeamillionmilesaway.OnJanuary2，2012，whileMomwasvisitingmeinIowa，Itoldher，“Idon'tlikegymnasticsanymore.Iwanttotrydancing，orbecomeasinger.IcangetajobinVirginia.Ijustwanttocomehome.”Mom'seyesnarrowedandherexpressionturnedtostone.“You'rebreakingmyheart，Brie，”shesaid.“You'vebeendoinggymnasticsfortenyears，andnowyouwanttoquit?Haveyoulostyourmind？”Ihadn'tlostmymind，butIhadlostmyfire.It'sanentirelydifferentthingtopushtowardthatdreamwhenyoufeelalone.“I'mnottryingtobreakyourheart，Mom，”Isaid.“Ijustdon'twanttodoitanymore.”“Iknowyoumisshome.Butyou'vesignedacontractthatsaysyouwillrepresentyourcountrytothebestofyourability.You'vegotaresponsibilitytoyourteammates.Andnowyoujustwanttowalkaway?Iwillnotletyoubedishonorable.Ifyoudon'tlikegymnastics，thenattheveryleast，youwillfinishtheseason.”ThenextafternoonasIdraggedmyselfintoChow'sgym，IthoughtoftheeffortsMomhadmadeinordertopayformytraining.Ithoughtofmytwosisters：Arielle，whogaveupballroomdancing，andJoyelle，whostoppediceskatingso