2025版新教材高中英語Unit9HumanBiology課時作業(yè)六單元小測北師大版選擇性必修第三冊

課時作業(yè)(六)單元小測必備學問基礎練進階訓練第一層Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Beijingiscarryingoutthepolicyofgarbage________(分類).2．Theheartisanimportant________(器官)whosefunctionistopumpbloodtoallpartsofthebody.3．Ineedto________(計算出)ourexpensethismonth.4．Theplanreceived________(廣泛的)supportthroughoutthecountry.5．Theforeignmarketwasincreasingly________(至關重要的).6．Hervoicetrembledwith________(心情).7．Mywatchisnotvery________(精確的).IthinkIneedtorepairit.8．Theannouncement________(激起)astormofprotest.9．Tirednessisoneofthemostcommon________(癥狀)ofstress.10．Nearlyallthehouseslook________(完全相同的)here.Youcanhardlytellonefromanother.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Wewillhavea________(system)revisionattheendofthesemester.2．Peopleusuallycleanthehouse________(thorough)beforeNewYear.3．Shefeltvery________(depress)aboutthefuture.4．Thecompany'sexportshavebeenincreasing________(steady).5．Tolovesomeoneistoseeamiracle________(visible)toothers.6．Qingdaoisanattractivecity________(locate)ontheeasterncoastofChina.7．Michael'snewhouseislikeahugepalace,________(compare)withhisoldone.8．It'sverydifficulttotreat________(gene)diseases.9．Thereisawide________(vary)ofpatternstochoosefrom.10．Hemadean________(officially)visittoTokyoinMarch.Ⅲ.單句寫作1．他把美式英語和英式英語進行了比較。(drawaparallelbetween...and...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．這些橘子沒我上星期買的好。(beinferiorto)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．這家商店就在市中心。(belocatedin)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．這些機器人過去一年都在試用當中。(ontrial)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．她堅決反對移居國外的想法。(beopposedto)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．大量食用垃圾食品會對兒童的健康構成威逼。(poseathreatto)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．與去年相比，牛肉的價格上漲了。(incomparisonwith)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．據(jù)估計，英語中80%的談話都是閑談。(It'sestimatedthat...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________關鍵實力提升練進階訓練其次層Ⅰ.閱讀AIfyou'veeverhadadog,youknowjusthowdeepaconnectionyoucandevelopwith“man'sbestfriend”.Butadog'slifeismuchshorterthanhumans,about12to15yearslong,whichmeanseverydogownerhastogothroughtheheartbreakingmomentwhentheirlovingpetpassesaway.Whynotmakeacloneofthatdogthen?ThisisthesolutionofferedbyaSouthKoreancompany,SooamBiotechResearchFoundation.Thecompanyhasalreadysuccessfullyclonedatleast400dogs,mostlyforUScustomers,eversinceitpioneeredthetechniquein2005.Now,SooamBiotechhasintroduceditsbusinesstoUKdogownersaswell,offeringthemdogsthatlookjustliketheirlostones.Tocloneadog,researchersfirstneedtotakeaskincellfromalivingdogoronethathasjustdied.Meanwhile,anotherdogisselectedtosupplyanegg.ResearchersthenreplacetheDNAintheeggwiththatfromtheskincellandimplanttheeggintothewomb(子宮)ofafemaledog.Theegggrowsintoapuppyoverthefollowingtwomonths.Thewholeprocesstakeslessthanaday,butitcomesatashockinglyhighprice—around￡63，000.Butifyoucan'tafforditnow,youcanalsosavethecellinalaboratoryandaccessitatalaterdate.However,magicalascloningmightsound,thereisnoguaranteethatthecloneddogwillbeaperfectcopyoftheoriginalone.Justlikeidenticaltwinsofhumans,theysharetheexactlysameDNAbuttherewillstillbesmalldifferencesbetweenthem.“ThespotsonaDalmatian(斑點狗)clonewillbedifferent,forexample，”InsungHwang,headofSooamBiotech,toldTheGuardian.Dogownerswillalsohavetoacceptthefactthatpersonalityisnot“cloneable”.Apartfromgenes,personalityisalsodeterminedbyupbringingandenvironment,whicharebothrandomelementsthatcloningtechnologiessimplycannotovercome,ProfessorTomKirkwoodatNewcastleUniversity,UK,toldTheTelegraph.Perhapsbringingourdogsbackbycloningisnotthebestwaytorememberthemafterall.Kirkwood,adogownerhimself,pointedout,“Animportantaspectofourrelationshipwiththemiscomingtotermswiththepainoflettinggo.”1．WhatservicedoesSooamBiotechResearchFoundationoffer?A．Makingcopiesofpetdogs.B．Givingpetdogsidenticaltwins.C．Helpingdogsgivebirthtomorepuppies.D．Helpingdogownerslovetheirdogsmore.2．Whichorderiscorrectinthedogcloningprocess?a．Aneggistakenfromanotherdog.b．Askincellistakenfromthepetdog.c．Theegggrowsintoapuppyintwomonths.d．Theeggisplacedinthewombofafemaledog.e．TheDNAintheeggisreplacedbytheDNAfromtheskincell.A．a(chǎn)→d→b→e→c.B．a(chǎn)→e→b→d→c.C．b→a→d→e→c.D．b→a→e→d→c.3．Whatcanwelearnaboutdogcloningfromthepassage?A．Ithasnotbeenputintopracticeuntilrecently.B．ItisverypopularamongUSandUKpetowners.C．Itmightnotgivetheownersanexactlysamedog.D．Itisveryexpensiveandusuallytakeshalfayeartocomplete.4．WhatdoesKirkwoodthinkofdogcloning?A．Hedisagreeswithit.B．Hesupportsit.C．Heiscuriousaboutit.D．Hethinksitunbelievable.BThediseasemalaria(瘧疾)hascausedmankindtroublethroughouthistory.Inthe1860sasthedrugcalledchloroquinebegantoloseitseffectiveness,malariabegantoappearagaininSoutheastAsia.Everycountryintheworldthenpouredlargequantitiesofhumanresourcesintodiscoveringanotherantimalarialdrug.In1964,ChinaputforwardtheplantobreaknewgroundintraditionalChinesemedicinalherbs.Therewasnogreatdiscoveryuntil1981,whenChinesescientistTuYouyougaveaspeechtitled“ChemicalResearchintoArtemisinin(青蒿素)”ataninternationalconferenceoftheWHO.Thespeechwasregardedasalifelineformalariasufferers.TuYouyougraduatedfromPekingUniversityHealthScienceCenter.In1969,justastheresearchintotreatingmalariahadreachedadeadend,39－year－oldTu,inordertoovercomethisterribleproblem,tookonthejobasheadofaresearchteamofthisproblem.ThefirstthingTudidwasinterviewexperienceddoctorsofChinesemedicine.ThensheandhercolleaguesconductedvariouskindsofexperimentsonhundredsofkindsofChinesemedicinalherbs,includingtheartemisia.However,theresultsweredisappointing:eventhoseinvolvingartemisinin,whichhadbeenuniversallywell－regarded,werelessthansatisfactory.Butlater,whenTufoundarelevantpassagewrittenbyGeHongoftheTsinDynasty,itoccurredtoherthathightemperaturesdestroyartemisinin'seffectiveness:itneedsalowtemperaturetoworkproperly.ThediscoveryhelpedTuandherresearchteamtothinkoutsidethebox.Finally,in1972,artemisininwasfoundtobeonehundredpercenteffectiveagainstthedisease!In2000WHOannouncedartemisininwasaleadingantimalarialdrug,andpromoteditworldwide.Sofar,ithasbeenplayingagreatroleinthebattleagainstmalaria.Attheageof39,Tubegantodevoteherlifetoherresearch.In2015,attheageof85,shereceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.HowdidTumanagetoaccomplishsuchagreatachievement?Youprobablyhavetheanswertothatalready.5．Whatcanbelearntabout“chloroquine”fromParagraph1?A．ItcontributedtoTu'sgreatdiscovery.B．ItwasdiscoveredbyexpertsinSoutheastAsia.C．ItwasabreakthroughoutofChinesemedicine.D．Itusedtobeeffectiveagainstthediseaseofmalaria.6．WhatdidTuYouyoudoafterreadingapassagebyGeHong?A．Sheintervieweddoctorstocollecttheirexperience.B．Sheattemptedtoheattheextractatalowtemperature.C．Shemadenecessaryadjustmentsineachstageofherresearch.D．Sheexpandedaccesstotheantimalarialdrugaroundtheworld.7．WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainreasonforTu'ssuccess?A．Youreapwhatyousow.B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C．Don'tclaimtoknowwhatyoudon'tknow.D．Liveandlearnthroughyourmistakesorexperience.Ⅱ.七選五Ifsomeonetellsyoutorememberaphonenumberoraddress,itfeelslikeaneasytaskatfirst.Yourepeatthenumberstoyourself,eitheraloudorinyourmind.Butafterjustafewsecondsyoumightfindyourselfstartingtodoubtyourownmemory.__1__Thus,itwilltrytothrowawayinformationthatseemsoldorirrelevant.Therearewaysofhelpingourmindsretain(記住)information,however,andinthisactivityyouwillexplorewaysthatweloseandkeepmemories.Short－termorworkingmemory,isawayofdescribingmostpeople'sabilitiestostoreasmallamountofinformationforabriefperiodoftimeinareadilyaccessibleform.__2__Peopledon'thavetostopandthinktoremembersomethinginshort－termmemory.__3__Suchtechniquesincludevisualizing(使形象化)theinformationinasurprisingwayandlinkingpiecesofinformationtogethersothatoneremindsyouoftheother.Inthecaseofvisualizinginformation,thiscouldbeassimpleasrememberingyouparkedyourcaronthefifthfloorintheDsectionbypicturingfivedogssittinginyourcar!__4__Ifyouneedtopurchasecereal(谷物),milk,fruit,cheeseandeggs,youcouldimaginethecerealinabowl,withmilkpouringoveritandpiecesoffruitontop.Thenimaginecrackinganeggovereverything,andit'sfullofmeltedcheese!Thesemayseemsimpleorevensilly.__5__Inthisactivityyou'lltesttherecallofafewfriendsorfamilymembers,andlearnafewtricksforimprovingmemory!A．Therearemanytechniquesforimprovingmemory.B．Ourbrainisalwaysseekingnewandusefulinformation.C．Short－termmemoryhastheshortdurationbutisquicklyandeasilyaccessed.D．Inaddition,linkinginformationcouldhelpyourememberyourgrocerylist.E．Retainingtheinformationoverlongerperiodsoftimebecomesdifficultyet.F．Yourshort－termmemoryhasalimitedamountofspacetostoreinformation.G．However,theyareprovedtobegoodwaysofimprovingmemorybyscientists.[答題區(qū)]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.完形填空MyteacherMr.BushisthemostpositivepersonI'veevermet.Hehastheabilityto__1__positivenesstoyoungstudents.Healwayssmilesandnevergets__2__atstudents.OnceImetsome__3__becauseIfeltovershadowedbymybrother,whoseemedtobedoinggreatineveryway.Grief__4__mewheneverIwasinaclassroom.Butthatall__5__whenImetmyteacherforlife,Mr.Bush.Havingfoundoutaboutmyproblems,hejustkept__6__me.BecauseofMr.Bush,myworldwasfilledwith__7__andpower.Afewweeksago,everyoneinmyclasswasfeelingabit__8__becauseofabaddayatschool.Butthingsgot__9__afterthecloseofMr.Bush'sclass.Hedrewapictureonthewhiteboardthat__10__ahalf－fullglassofwater.Hethenuttered,“Class,thepointofviewinwhichyoulookatthingswill__11__yourfeelings.Likethisglassofwater;somepeopleseeitandthink‘What!Onlyhalfaglassofwater.How__12__Iam.’Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow,I'msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme！’Itallisinthe__13__youthink.”Mr.Bush's__14__wayofthinkingalwaysmakesmefeelgladand__15__.Iwillalwaysrememberhim.1．A.passonB．a(chǎn)pplyforC．bemadeupofD．giveup2.A.strictB．patientC．madD．curious3．A.friendsB．needsC．realitiesD．difficulties4．A.drownedB．resistedC．curedD．relaxed5．A.happenedB．changedC．solvedD．included6．A.forgivingB．calmingC．encouragingD．calling7．A.sunshineB．fearC．surpriseD．disappointment8．A.cheerfulB．downC．eagerD．a(chǎn)fraid9．A.warmerB．higherC．betterD．happier10．A.servedB．filledC．boughtD．showed11．A.hurtB．careaboutC．giveawayD．a(chǎn)ffect12．A.pleasedB．unfortunateC．brightD．perfect13．A.wayB．directionC．endD．past14．A.differentB．optimisticC．specialD．important15．A.proudB．carefulC．lonelyD．hopeful[答題區(qū)]1～5________6～10________11～15________Ⅳ.語法填空AroundtheendofthefirstcenturyAD,aRomanwritercalledPlinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathe1.________(witness)asayoungman.TheeruptionhadoccurredonAugust24th,79AD.Thetragedyleft2.________deepimpressiononPliny3.________hadlostanuncleintheeruption.However,morethan1，600yearslater,some4.________(science)foundthatthelosttownshadbeenburiedundertheashofMountVesuvius.Pompeiiislikea“timecapsule”5.________(preserve)afrozenmomentinhistory.6.________theeruptionoccurred,7.________hadbeenaboomingRomancitywithtemples,markets,restaurantsandtheaters.Todayyoucanvisitthesebuildingsbywalkingalongthe8.________(origin)streetsofthecity.And9.________(many)than250yearssinceexcavationsstarted,thousandsoftouristsandhundredsofscientistsvisitPompeiieveryyear10.________(learn)moreabouttheancientworld.[答題區(qū)]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________Ⅴ.寫作(共兩節(jié))第一節(jié)應用文寫作假定你是李華。你的外籍老師John本準備春季開學時返回中國，現(xiàn)因英國的新冠肺炎(COVID－19)疫情待在倫敦家中。你在英語學習中遇到了一些困難，請給他寫一封電子郵件尋求幫助。內容如下：1．詢問John的健康狀況；2．告知學習中的困難；3．懇求幫助。留意：1．寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；2．可以適當增加細微環(huán)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________其次節(jié)讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Marywaitedanxiouslyforherturnintheemptydressingroom.Neverhadshebeensonervousbefore.Thiscompetitionwasofvitalimportancetohercomeback.“IfIcanwintoday，”shesaidtoherself,“Icandanceonthenationalstagenextmonth.”Threemonthsago,herleftarmwasseriouslyinjuredinacaraccident.Afterthemedicaltreatment,shebegantorecoverslowly.Shepractisedoverandoveragaininordertoregainherdancingskills.“Hi,Mary，”inrushedherfriendJessica.“Howisyourarm?Isitgoingtoinfluenceyourperformance？”“IguessitcanbetoleratedforIamtowinthematch，”saidMarywithadeterminedlook.“Admirable!ButIhearthatagirlcalledLindaisreallygiftedandstrong.Shecanbeyourrealwell－matchedcompetitor.Comeon！”AfterJessicaleft,Marydecidedtopractisehermostdifficultspin.“IfIdon'ttryharder,Iwon'tgraspthischance，”shethought.Butherarmbegantohurt,makingherworried.“Mary,whatmakesyouthinkyouhaveachancetonight？”shesaidtoherself.Afterthepainwasgone,shecontinuedtowarmup.Aslimgirlhurriedinandputdownanequipmentbagonthechair.Then,shetookoutherdancedressquicklyandputitonskilfully.SeeingMary,shesmiledpolitelyandsaid,“Hi,I'mLinda.Iamhereforthecompetition！”Marynoddedinreplybutfeltuncomfortable.“Thisisjustmycompetitor.Becauseofher,Imaylosetonight.”HermindwaswanderingwhenLindaletoutascream,“Oh,Ican'tfindmymusictape！”Lindasearchedherbagbutinvain.“Itmaybemissingontheway.”Withthesewords,shethenrushedout.留意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；2．請按如下格式作答。Suddenly,MarycaughtsightofablackboxunderthechairwhereLindaputherbag.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hearinghernamecalled,Marywalkedonthestagewithherheartbeatingfasterandfaster.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________課時作業(yè)(六)單元小測必備學問基礎練Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．a(chǎn)n3.calculate4.widespread5．voked9.symptoms10．identicalⅡ.單句語法填空1．systematic2.thoroughly3.depressed4.steadily5.invisible6．located7pared8.genetic9.variety10.officialⅢ.單句寫作1．HedrewaparallelbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.2．TheseorangesareinferiortothoseIboughtlastweek.3．Thebusinessislocatedrightinthecitycentre.4．Theserobotshavebeenontrialforthepastyear.5．Sheisstronglyopposedtotheideaofmovingabroad.6．Eatinglotsofjunkfoodposesathreattochildren'shealth.7．Incomparisonwithlastyear,thepriceofbeefhasincreased.8．It'sestimatedthat80%ofallconversationinEnglishissmalltalk.關鍵實力提升練Ⅰ.閱讀A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了克隆狗技術。1．答案與解析：A考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)其次段最終一句“Now，SooamBiotechhasintroduceditsbusinesstoUKdogownersaswell,offeringthemdogsthatlookjustliketheirlostones”可知，這家公司所供應的服務就是克隆已逝的寵物狗。故選A。2．答案與解析：D考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)對第三段的整體理解可知，試驗的第一步是從狗身上提取皮膚細胞，另一只被選擇的狗供應一個卵子，將卵子中的DNA替換成皮膚細胞中的DNA之后，將卵子植入一只母狗的子宮，最終卵子在接下來的兩個月中生長為一只小狗。故選D。3．答案與解析：C考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第五段第一句“However,magicalascloningmightsound,thereisnoguaranteethatthecloneddogwillbeaperfectcopyoftheoriginalone.”可知，克隆狗和原來的狗可能并非完全一樣。故選C。干擾項分析：A項錯在這項技術最近才投入運用，這與其次段中提到的“itpioneeredthetechniquein2005”不符；B項文中沒有提及；D項與第四段第一句“Thewholeprocesstakeslessthanaday,butitcomesatashockinglyhighprice—around￡63，000”不符，故解除A、B、D三項。4．答案與解析：A考查觀點看法。依據(jù)最終一段Kirkwood說的話“Animportantaspectofourrelationshipwiththemiscomingtotermswiththepainoflettinggo”可知，他認為人類和寵物狗之間的關系的一個重要方面是要接受失去它們的苦痛；由此可推知，Kirkwood并不贊成克隆狗。故選A。B【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了屠呦呦對瘧疾患者的救命稻草青蒿素的探討歷程，85歲的屠呦呦是第一位獲得諾貝爾生理學或醫(yī)學獎的中國科學家。5．答案與解析：D細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“Inthe1860sasthedrugcalledchloroquinebegantoloseitseffectiveness,malariabegantoappearagaininSoutheastAsia.”可知，19世紀60年頭，隨著氯喹起先失效，瘧疾起先在東南亞重新出現(xiàn)。由此可知，氯喹過去對瘧疾是有效的。故選D。6．答案與解析：B推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段中的“Butlater,whenTufoundarelevantpassagewrittenbyGeHongoftheTsinDynasty,itoccurredtoherthathightemperaturesdestroyartemisinin'seffectiveness:itneedsalowtemperaturetoworkproperly.”可知后來屠呦呦發(fā)覺了晉朝葛洪的一篇相關文章，她意識到高溫會破壞青蒿素的功效，它須要低溫才能正常發(fā)揮作用。由此可知，屠呦呦讀了葛洪的一篇文章后，她試圖用低溫加熱提取物。故選B。7．答案與解析：A推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段中的Attheageof39，Tubegantodevoteherlifetoherresearch.In2015,attheageof85,shereceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.可知從39歲起先，屠呦呦起先獻身于她的探討。2015年，85歲的她獲得了諾貝爾生理學或醫(yī)學獎。由此可推知，屠呦呦腳踏實地，畢生投入到青蒿素的探討當中，故“種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆”最能概括屠呦呦勝利的主要緣由。故選A。Ⅱ.七選五【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了幫助提高記憶力的方法和技巧。1．答案與解析：B依據(jù)下文“因此，它將試圖丟棄看起來過時或無關緊要的信息”可知，B項(我們的大腦總是在找尋新的、有用的信息。)符合語境。故選B。2．答案與解析：C依據(jù)下文“在短期記憶中人們不須要停下來想，來記住一些東西”可知，C項(短期記憶的持續(xù)時間很短，但運用起來快速且簡潔。)符合語境。故選C。3．答案與解析：A依據(jù)下文“這些技巧包括以一種令人驚異的方式將信息形象化和將信息碎片聯(lián)系在一起，從而一個片段讓你想起另一個片段”可知，A項(有很多提高記憶的技巧。)符合語境。A項中的techniques與空后的Suchtechniques相呼應。故選A。4．答案與解析：D依據(jù)下句“假如你須要購買谷物、牛奶、水果、奶酪和雞蛋，你可以想象谷物在碗里，牛奶倒在上面，上面有幾塊水果”可知，D項(此外，將信息聯(lián)系在一起可以幫助你記住你的購物清單。)符合語境。故選D。5．答案與解析：G依據(jù)上句“這些看起來很簡潔，甚至有些愚蠢。”推斷下句是與上句構成轉折的內容，G項“然而，它們被科學家證明是提高記憶力的好方法。”符合語境。故選G。Ⅲ.完形填空【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講解并描述了作者的老師是一個極其樂觀的人，他有實力把主動的一面?zhèn)鬟f給學生，他樂觀的思維方式總是讓作者感到興奮和充溢希望。1．答案與解析：A考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：他有實力把主動的一面?zhèn)鹘o年輕的學生。passon傳給；applyfor申請；bemadeupof由……組成；giveup放棄。由下文可知，Mr.Bush總是會讓懊喪的學生興奮起來，故他有實力把主動的一面?zhèn)鹘o年輕的學生。故選A。2．答案與解析：C考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他總是微笑，從不生學生的氣。strict嚴格的；patient耐性的；mad生氣的；curious新奇的。依據(jù)上文“Healwayssmilesandnevergets”可知，Mr.Bush總是微笑，從不會生學生的氣。故選C。3．答案與解析：D考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一次，我遇到了一些困難，因為我感覺我的哥哥使我黯然失色，他好像在各方面都做得很好。friend摯友；need須要；reality現(xiàn)實；difficulty困難。依據(jù)下文“becauseIfeltovershadowedbymybrother，whoseemedtobedoinggreatineveryway”可知，作者遇到了一些困難。故選D。4．答案與解析：A考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每當我在教室里，哀痛就沉沒了我。drown沉沒；resist反抗；cure治愈；relax使放松。依據(jù)上文可知，作者始終活在哥哥的陰影下，故應是哀痛沉沒了作者。故選A。5．答案與解析：B考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但當我見到我終生的老師——Mr.Bush時，那一切都變了。happen發(fā)生；change變更；solve解決；include包括。依據(jù)下文Mr.Bush激勵作者，最終作者振作了起來可知，當作者見到Mr.Bush時一切都變了。故選B。6．答案與解析：C考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：弄清了我的問題后，他只是始終激勵我。forgive寬??；calm使安靜；encourage激勵；call呼叫。依據(jù)下文“BecauseofMr.Bush，myworldwasfilledwith__7__andpower.”可知，由于Mr.Bush的激勵，作者的世界充溢了陽光和力氣。故選C。7．答案與解析：A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因為Mr.Bush，我的世界充溢了陽光和力氣。sunshine陽光；fear膽怯 ；surprise驚異；disappointment悲觀。依據(jù)下文的power可知，Mr.Bush的激勵讓作者的世界充溢陽光和力氣。故選A。8．答案與解析：B考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個星期前，我們班的每個人都因為那一天在學校的糟糕表現(xiàn)而感到有點懊喪。cheerful興奮的；down懊喪的；eager渴望的；afraid膽怯 的。依據(jù)下文“becauseofabaddayatschool”可知，學生在學校表現(xiàn)糟糕，故感到懊喪。故選B。9．答案與解析：C考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但在Mr.Bush的課結束后，狀況有所好轉。warmer更暖和的；higher更高的；better更好的；happier更興奮的。依據(jù)下文Mr.Bush畫了一張半杯水的圖，告知同學們思維方式不一樣，看問題的角度就不一樣，同學們又都興奮起來可知，Mr.Bush的課結束后，狀況好起來了。故選C。10．答案與解析：D考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他在白板上畫了一幅畫，畫上顯示的是半杯水。serve服務；fill充溢；buy買；show顯示。依據(jù)下文“Likethisglassofwater;somepeopleseeitandthink‘What!Onlyhalfaglassofwater.How__12__Iam.’Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow’I'msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme！’”可知，Mr.Bush的畫上顯示的是半杯水。故選D。11．答案與解析：D考查動詞(短語)詞義辨析。句意：然后他說，“同學們，你們看事情的角度會影響你的感受……”。hurt損害；careabout關切；giveaway分發(fā)；affect影響。依據(jù)下文的“Itallisinthe__13__youthink.(一切都取決于你怎么想。)”可知，Mr.Bush想要告知同學們，你看事情的角度會影響你的感受。故選D。12．答案與解析：B考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：……就像這杯水；有些人看到它就想‘什么！只有半杯水。我真不幸’……。pleased興奮的；unfortunate不幸的；bright光明的；perfect完備的。由下文的“Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow，I'msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme！’”可知，此處表示對比，有的人認為只有半杯水是不幸的。故選B。13．答案與解析：A考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：“……這一切取決于你思索的方式。”way方式；direction方向；end結局；past過去。由上下文可知，Mr.Bush給同學們畫了一幅半杯水的圖，告知他們有的人對此持主動的看法，有的人對此持消極的看法。故應是想告知同學們：你看事情的角度會影響你的感受，這一切取決于你思索的方式。故選A。14．答案與解析：B考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Mr.Bush樂觀的思維方式總是讓我感到興奮和充溢希望。different不同的；optimistic樂觀的；special特別的；important重要的。依據(jù)文章首句“MyteacherMr.BushisthemostpositivepersonI'veevermet.”可知，Mr.Bush是一個樂觀的人，故他樂觀的思維方式總是讓我感到興奮和充溢希望。故選B。15．答案與解析：D考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Mr.Bush樂觀的思維方式總是讓我感到興奮和充溢希望。proud傲慢的；careful當心的；lonely孤獨的；hopeful充溢希望的。分析上下文可知，Mr.Bush總是用他主動的思維方式影響著作者，故應是讓作者感到興奮和充溢希望。故選D。Ⅳ.語法填空【語篇解讀】本文介紹了聞名的古羅馬城市龐貝的一些狀況。大約在公元一世紀末，一位名叫普林尼的羅馬作家描寫了一次可怕的火山噴發(fā)掩埋了龐貝古城，但是這座城市的地貌卻被很完整地保存了下來?，F(xiàn)在每年仍有成百上千的游客和科學家來這里參觀，了解這段古老而又神奇的歷史。1．答案與解析：hadwitnessed