中考英語(yǔ)真題分類訓(xùn)練-題型三一選擇型閱讀分類訓(xùn)練19說明介紹類主題5人與社會(huì)·社會(huì)發(fā)展與變遷

主題5人與社會(huì)·社會(huì)發(fā)展與變遷A(2022哈爾濱)Atthebeginningofhumanhistory,peoplecouldonlyeatfoodtheyfound.Butthenpeoplelearnedtofindmorewaystogetfood.About10,000yearsago,peoplestartedtofarmtheland.Afterthat,peopledevelopedfarmingskills.Peopleeatdifferentfoodsindifferentareas.InChina,riceisthemainfoodforpeopleinthesouthwhilepeopleinthenortheatnoodles.PeoplewholiveinEuropeancountriesneartheseaeatlotsoffish.ButinCentralEurope,peopleareawayfromthesea.Sotheydon'teatsomuchfish.Theyeatmoremeatinstead.Peopleeatfoodwithdifferenttoolsindifferentareas.InChina,peoplealwayslikeusingchopstickswhileinNorthAmerica,AustraliaandEurope,peoplealwayslikeusingknivesandforks.Tooursurprise,inIndiaandtheMiddleEast,peoplealwayspickupfoodwiththeirownfingers.Nowpeoplecaneatdifferentfoodsfromdifferentareas.Aswecansee,itispossibletoconveyfoodeasilyfromonepartoftheworldtoanother.Wecanalmosteatwhateverwelikeatanyplaceoftheworld.Forexample,peopleinBritaincaneatbananasfromAfricaandricefromIndia.Foodisbecomingaverybigbusinessnow.1Peopleatthebeginningofhumanhistory.

A.couldonlyeatfoodtheyfoundB.startedtofarmthelandC.developedfarmingskills2PeoplelivinginCentralEuropedon'teatsomuchfishbecause.

A.theyareawayfromtheseaB.theylikeeatingnoodlesC.theyarenearthesea3Theunderlinedword"convey"inthepassagemeans""inChinese.

A.捐贈(zèng) B.傳導(dǎo) C.運(yùn)輸4WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.PeopleinthesouthofChinaeatbananasastheirmainfood.B.PeopleinIndiaandtheMiddleEastalwayspickupfoodwiththeirownfingers.C.PeopleinBritaincanonlyeatricefromAfrica.5What'sthebesttitle(標(biāo)題)forthepassage?A.People'sTableManners(禮儀)B.People'sEatingToolsC.PeopleandFoodB(2022江西)Improvementsintechnologyoftenhappenovernight.Somegadgetsgetsmallerandfaster.Othersarereplaced(代替)bynewerthingslikesmartphones.Theycandohundredsofthings.Herearesomeoldgadgetsthatpeopleusedtouse.①

Doyouhavealandlineathome?Thesearephonesthatpeopleplug(插入)intotheirlivingroomwalls.Mobilephonesdidn'tusetobesocommonatthattime,somostfamilieshadalandline.Butlandlinesonlyworkedathome.Whatdidpeopledowhentheywereoutsideandneededtocallsomeone?Theylookedforapayphone!Then,mostpeoplehadtheirownmobilephonesandmanyhomesnolongerhadlandlines.②

Peopletodaystoreplentyofinformationonline,oronSDcards.Butinthe1980sand1990s,peopleusedtousefloppydisks.Thefirstfloppydiskswerelarge,expensive,andnotveryuseful—eachdiskcouldstorejust175KBofinformation!Later,floppydisksgotsmallerandbetter.Buteventhebestonescouldonlyhold1.44MB.Youwouldneedthreeorfourdisksjustforonesong,andabout22,000diskstomatchthestorage(儲(chǔ)存空間)availableona32GBphone!③

It'seasytotakephotostoday.Peopleoftenhavethousandsjustontheirphones!Butphotosusedtobeexpensive,andpeopletookfewerofthem.Totakeaphoto,youhadtobuyarolloffilm.Thisallowedyoutotakeabout30photos.Afterfinishingtheroll,youleftitatashop.Theshopdevelopedthephotostomakethembeseen,whichyoucouldcollectafterafewdays.Technologychangesallthetime,andthegadgetsweusetodaywillonedaybeold.Whatdoyouthinkwillbethenexttodisappear?1Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gadgets"meaninParagraph1?A.Toys. B.Tools.C.Games. D.Phones.2Matchthetitlewitheachparagraph.a.GoodbyeDisksb.MusictoMyEarsc.PictureThisd.CallMee.FilmDevelopmentA.①-d,②-b,③-eB.①-d,②-a,③-cC.①-c,②-a,③-bD.①-c,②-b,③-e3Whatwerethefirstfloppydiskslike?A.Theycouldstoremuch.B.Theywereveryuseful.C.Theycostalotofmoney.D.Theywereeasytocarry.4Whatcanwegetfromthepassage?A.Itwasconvenienttotakephotoswithfilm.B.Peopleoutsideusedlandlinestocallsomeone.C.Improvementsintechnologychangepeople'slife.D.Foratime,manypeoplehadpayphonesathome.5Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheChangingPhonesB.TheProductsofTomorrowC.OldThingsWeUseTodayD.TheThingsWeUsedtoUseC(2022杭州)Whatdidpeopledotocommunicateinancienttimes?Herearesomeveryinterestinganswerstothisquestion.Alphorns(阿爾卑斯長(zhǎng)號(hào)角)wereonceusedtocommunicateinthemountainsinSwitzerland.Theyareverylongandtheyareveryheavy,too.So,alphornsarehardtoblow.Thenwhyusethem?Well,theymakealoudsoundwhichtravelsmuchfurtherthanthehumanvoice.Herdsmen(牧民)usedthemtocallcowsinthedistanceformilking.Atsunset,alphornswerealsousedtosendamessagedowntovillagersthatallwaswell.Thesedays,they'remostlyusedasmusicalinstruments.ThepeopleofLaGomera,anislandinEurope,havetheirownspecialwayofsendingmessagesfrommountaintomountain.Theyuseawhistled(口哨的)languagecalledelsilbo,whichcomesfromtheirlanguageSpanish.Whistlingcanbeheardwithinfivekilometers,whichmeansitcanbeusedacrossmuchgreaterdistancesthanshouting.Elsilbocanbeusedforallkindsofmessages,includinggreetingsandannouncements.Elsilboisusedalotlessthanitusedtobe,butprimaryschoolstudentsinLaGomerahavetolearnit.Didyouknowit'salsopossibletosendmessageswithoutmakinganoise?Thisiscalledvisualcommunication,anditincludestheuseofflagsandevensmoke.Longago,soldiersalongtheGreatWallofChinausedsmokeasawarning.Iftheynoticedtheenemyfromtheirsignal(信號(hào))tower,theywouldlightasmokyfire.Whensoldiersinothertowerssawthesmokesignal,theylitfirestoo.Inthisway,messagesabouttheenemy'sarrivalcouldtravelasfaras800kminjustafewhours.1Whatarealphornsmostlyusedfortoday?A.Communicatinginthemountains.B.Callingcowsformilking.C.Sendingmessagesdowntovillagers.D.Playingakindofmusic.2WhydothepeopleofLaGomerauseelsilbotocommunicate?A.Becauseitcansendmessagestoanimals.B.Becauseitisdifferentfromtheirlanguage.C.Becauseitcanbeheardatagreatdistance.D.Becauseitisasubjectforyoungstudents.3HowdidsoldiersalongtheGreatWallgetwarningmessagesbetweentowers?A.Bylistening. B.Bywhistling.C.Byshouting. D.Bywatching.4Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthetext?(P=Paragraph)A. B.C. D.D(2022泰安)ThenewrailwaylinelinkingChinaandLaos(老撾)openedtotrafficonDecember3,2021.Allthepassengersonthetrainwereveryexcited.Thelineis1,035kilometerslonganditrunsbetweenKunming,thecapitalofYunnanProvince,andVientiane(萬(wàn)象),thecapitalofLaos.Ittakesabout10hourstogettoVientianefromKunming.Thisline,withatopspeedof200kilometersperhour,has50stations.EngineerOuyangQiangtookpartinconstruction(建設(shè))ofthenewline."Eachstationalongthelinehasaspecialandbeautifulview,"hesaid,addingthatYunnanhaspleasantweatherinallseasonsandtheviewsarefantasticallyearround.HangDianhua,76,wasonthefirsttrainonFridayfromKunmingtoXishuangbanna."Oneofmystudentstookpartinthisproject.It'saproudeventforChina.IhopetotakethetrainwithmydaughterandtwogranddaughterswholiveinBeijinginthefuture,"Hangsaid.JaruwancomesfromThailand.NowsheworksinYunnan.Shewasalsoapassengeronthetrain.ShebelievesfruitfromThailandcanbesentfasterandcheapertoChina.Andatthesametime,thenewtourismroutes(路線)mightbedevelopedthankstotheline.MoreChinesepeoplewilltaketherailwaytoLaos,andthenvisitThailand.TheChina-LaosRailwayispartofabiggerplantoconnectKunmingallthewaywithSingapore.1Thenewrailwaylinerunsbetweenandnow.

A.Beijing;XishuangbannaB.China;SingaporeC.Kunming;VientianeD.China;Thailand2WhotookpartinconstructionoftheChina-LaosRailwayline?A.HangDianhua.B.OuyangQiang.C.Jaruwan.D.HangDianhua'sdaughter.3WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHangDianhuaisNOTtrue?A.OneofhisstudentstookpartintheChina-Laosrailwayproject.B.HewenttoXishuangbannaonthefirsttrain.C.Hetookthetraintogetherwithhisdaughterandtwogranddaughters.D.HethoughttheopeningofthenewlinewasaproudeventforChina.4Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.TheChina-Laosrailwaylineis1,035kilometerslongandhas200stations.B.OuyangQiangwasanengineerandhewasHangDianhua'sstudent.C.ThefruittradebetweenChinaandThailandcanbemoreconvenient.D.TheChinesetouristscantaketherailwaytoSingaporefromKunmingnow.主題5人與社會(huì)·社會(huì)發(fā)展與變遷答案A【短文大意】本文主要介紹了人類所吃的食物和所用的餐具的情況。1.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Atthebeginningofhumanhistory,peoplecouldonlyeatfoodtheyfound"可知,A項(xiàng)符合題意。2.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"ButinCentralEurope,peopleareawayfromthesea.Sotheydon'teatsomuchfish"可知,在中歐,人們不吃那么多魚是因?yàn)樗麄冸x大海遠(yuǎn),故選A。3.C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Nowpeoplecaneatdifferentfoodsfromdifferentareas"可知,現(xiàn)在人們可以吃到來自不同地區(qū)的不同食物,因此畫線詞所在句是說,人們可以輕松地把世界上一個(gè)地方的食物運(yùn)輸?shù)搅硪粋€(gè)地方,故選C。4.B【解析】正誤判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Tooursurprise,inIndiaandtheMiddleEast,peoplealwayspickupfoodwiththeirownfingers"可知,B項(xiàng)的描述與文意相符。5.C【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知,本文主要介紹了人類所吃的食物和所用的餐具的情況,即主要介紹了人和食物,故選C。B【短文大意】本文介紹了我們以前使用過的一些東西。1.B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的"Herearesomeoldgadgetsthatpeopleusedtouse"以及最后一段中的"andthegadgetsweusetodaywillonedaybeold"可推斷,gadget的含義是"工具",故答案為B。2.B【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。第二段講的是過去人們使用的座機(jī)和付費(fèi)公用電話,可用"CallMe"作標(biāo)題;第三段講的是過去人們使用的磁盤,可用"GoodbyeDisks"作標(biāo)題;第四段講的是過去人們使用的拍照工具,可用"PictureThis"作標(biāo)題。故選B。3.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段描述中的"Thefirstfloppydiskswerelarge,expensive"可知答案為C。4.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可推知,科技進(jìn)步改變了人們的生活。故選C。5.D【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Herearesomeoldgadgetsthatpeopleusedtouse"及全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要介紹了人們過去使用的一些工具,故"TheThingsWeUsedtoUse"最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選D。C【短文大意】本文講的是古代人