Unit2UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusage課件高中英語譯林版（2020）選擇性

Unit2UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusageGeorgeBernardShaw,

20thcenturywriter“AmericaandEnglandaretwocountriesdividedbyacommonlanguage.”Step1:Lead-inAlthoughUKandUSAspeakacommonlanguage,differencesexist.DoyouknowsomeofthemStep1:Lead-inStep1:Lead-in

DifferencesbetweenA.E.&B.E.AmericanEnglishBritishEnglishExamples跳舞足球顏色[d?ns][dɑ?ns]footballsoccercolorcolourAspectspronunciationvocabularyspellingcommunicationstylesStep2:ReadingCommunicationstylesIntheUK:

IntheUSA:indirectBritishpeopleareespeciallypolitewhencommunicating.directAmericanstendtogetstraighttothepointwhencommunicating.個人記敘一個重要的差別

關于，至于

留下印象

對…有偏好

直奔主題

UsefulExpressionsapersonalaccount...asignifcantgapintermsofleaveanimpressiononhaveapreferenceforgostraighttothepointBelowisapersonalaccountbyaChinesestudentwhostudiedintheUKandtheUSA.Findthesentenceswithrelativeclausesandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.個人陳述12345restrictiverelativeclause限制性定語從句non-restrictiverelativeclause非限制性定語從句AExploringtherulesrelativeclauses定語從句necessaryadditionalthatArestrictiverelativeclauseisusedtomodifyanoun,pronounornounphraseandgives(1)____________informationaboutit.Fortheclause,thereisnocommabeforeit.Anon-restrictiveclausegives(2)____________informationabouta

noun,pronounornounphraseinthesentence,orthemainclause.Wecannotuse(3)____________tointroduceit.necessaryWorkingouttherulesadditional

that

不能用that和why引導非限制性定語從句關系詞

指代在從句中充當?shù)某煞株P系代詞關系副詞thatwhich人、物物主、賓、表主、賓、表whowhomwhose人人人、物主、賓賓定（...的）as人、物主、賓、表whenwherewhy時間地點原因時間狀語地點狀語原因狀語ApplyingtherulesB1Fillintheblankswithproperpronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+relativepronoun”structure.

1.IntheUK,__________punctualityisveryimportant,youshouldtrynottoarrivelate.2.InThailand,thefoot,__________isconsideredanuncleanpartofthebody,shouldnotbepointedtowardsanotherperson.3.InEurope,therearemanydifferenttypesofgreetings,________cheekkissingisjustoneexample,anditisimportanttoknowwhichonetouse.wherewhichofwhichApplyingtherulesB1Fillintheblankswithproperpronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+relativepronoun”structure.

4.Whenwetravel,weshouldpayattentiontosituations________/___________theremightbeunwrittenrules,suchasgiftgiving.5.Mysister,________worksinJapan,findsitoddthatshehastodoexerciseatthestartofherworkingday.whereinwhichwho沒有目的意識到

已婚夫婦

與…相符合

免除尷尬

注意…UsefulExpressionsonpage21havenointentionofbeawareofamarriedcouplecorrespondtospareyourselfembarrassmentmindthat...Thepassagebelowisabouttaboos.Completeitwiththecorrectrelativeclausesintheboxbelow.TherearetwoclauseyoudoNOTneedtouse.Writethelettersintheblanks..B2Atabooissocialbehaviourthatisnotallowed.Therearemanydifferenttaboosaroundtheworld,(1)______.Theyoftenvaryfromsocietytosociety.Taboosareusuallyrelatedtocertainitemsorpeople.Those(2)______arelikelytofeelupsetorembarrassedeveniftheyhavenointentionofhurtingothers,andthesituationwillalsobeawkwardforthepeoplearoundthem.aeB2Whenyoumeetpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Itisimportanttounderstandwhatyoucannotdo.Ifyouarenotawareofthedifferences,(3)______,somestrangethingsmighthappen.Forexample,inChina,givinganumbrellaasagifttoyourfriendoramarriedcouple,exceptwhenitisactuallyraining,shouldbeavoided.Thisisbecausethewordthatcorrespondsto“umbrella”inChinesesoundslikeanotherChineseword(4)______dfB2Beforeyoutraveltoanewcountry,itisagoodideatofindoutaboutthelocaltaboos.Ifyouknowwhattoavoidandhowtobehave,youwillspareyourselfembarrassment.Mindthattabooschangewiththetimes.Somebehavior(5)______mightbeacceptednow.bB2afewofwhichareuniversalbthatwasnottoleratedbeforecwhoseesomeonebreakingataboodwhichmayseemunimportanttousewhobreakstaboosfwhichmeans“toseparate”gthatmakeuppartofacountry’sculturalidentity定語從句的考點突破關系詞

指代在從句中充當?shù)某煞株P系代詞關系副詞thatwhich人、物物主、賓、表主、賓、表whowhomwhose人人人、物主、賓賓定（...的）as人、物主、賓、表whenwherewhy時間地點原因時間狀語地點狀語原因狀語考點一：要用關系代詞還是關系副詞？1.Thelittleproblems____________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.2.Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose_________aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.3.Theterribleaccidenthappenedontheday

myfatherleftforAmerica,aday

__

we’llneverforget.

4.Afteraboutanhour’sdrive,wereachedthesmalltown________Iwasbroughtup5.Afteraboutanhour’sdrive,wereachedthesmalltown_____________islocatedatthefootofthemountain.(that/which)whowhen(that/which)wherethat/which小結：①當定語從句中缺主語或賓語，用關系代詞，作賓語時，可省略。②當定語從句中不缺主語或賓語，要用關系副詞，在定語從句中作狀語。6.Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcels________filledhisbus.7.Thisisthemostseriousandworstsituation______IhaveeverexperiencedasafanoftheNBA．8.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything________hesawatthefront.小結：①先行詞被the

only,

the

very(正是,恰是),

the

last

修飾時

;

② 當先行詞既有人又有物,定語從句用that

引導(that既可指人也可指物)③

先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時;④先行詞是all,everything,

nothing,anything,

little,

much等不定代詞時;⑤先行詞被all,

any,every,no,some,little,much等詞修飾時;

⑥若主句中有疑問代詞who,

which時，為了避免重復,關系代詞用that.that(that)(that)考點二：只用

關系代詞that的情況9.Inextremeweather,aworntyrecanbreakeasilywhereit’smended,________isoftenthecase.10.________youknow,inafootballmatch,playerstrytokickorheadtheballintotheopposingteam’sgoal.11.Mr.BlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,________isthebestseasonthere.12.Thegroundiscoveredwithsnowandice,________makesdrivingverydangerous.asAswhichwhich小結：①位置上：as引導的定語從句可置句首，句中，句尾；which引導的定語從句只能放主句之后②先行詞：as修飾整個主句，意思為“正如……一樣”；which可以修飾整個主句，意思為“這件事，這一點”；也可以修飾主句的某個名詞或代詞考點三：as和which引導非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別13.Theyalsohadasmallpond_______theyraisedfish.14.Theirchildisatthestage__________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.15.TheywenttoLondon,__________theylivedforsixmonths.wherewhere小結：關系副詞where既可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句。先行詞既可以是具體的地點名詞，也可以是抽象的地點名詞，如：point,stage,case,situation,condition,position,activity,scene,environment,circumstancewhere考點四：where引導的定語從句16.Behindhimwereotherpeople_______whomhewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutestheywalkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyed.17.1949wastheyear______whichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.18.Hisnaughtygrandsonhastakenawayhisglasses,______whichtheoldmancanseenothing.toinwithout考點五：介詞+which引導的定語從句介詞怎么確定呢？①根據從句中動詞或形容詞的習慣搭配②根據先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣③根據句子邏輯意思的需要talktosb“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句的注意事項1.當定語從句中的謂語動詞是固定搭配不可分割時，介詞不可提前。19.Thisisthepen

which/thatI’mlookingfor.20.Thisistheprogramwhich/thathelistenedto.常見搭配有：listento/lookat/dependon/lookfor/payattentionto/takecareof/lookafter/takepartin/makeuseof/catchupwith/getalongwith/hearof/lookforwardto等。2.介詞of+whom/which可替換由whose引導定語從句。21.Thisisthescientist_______achievementsarewellknown.22.Thisisthescientist,theachievementof______arewellknown.23.Thisisthehouse________windowbrokelastnight.24.Thisisthehouse,thewindowof________brokelastnight.whosewhomwhosewhich3.“名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞/表示整體或部分概念的詞+介詞+關系代詞（which/whom）”結構可引出定語從句。25.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_____

hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.26.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,andmostof_____

hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.27.Thefootballteamhas15members,theoldestof______is25yearsold.28.Thefootballteamhas15members,andtheoldestof______is25yearsold.whichthemwhomthem注意：

并列句有and,but,so等并列連詞或兩個句子用分號連接。

有并列連詞用人稱代詞賓格，無并列連詞用關系代詞。做題技巧?29.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.30.Theway_________________heusedtoexplainthesentencetouswasquitesimple.that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填缺狀語缺賓語小結：theway做先行詞時,先看后面定語從句中是否缺少主語或賓語:缺少主語或賓語:that/which/不填(缺賓語時)主語賓語都不缺:that/inwhich/不填考點六：先行詞為theway的定語從句31.MyfriendJane,who____(be)veryfriendlytousclassmates,hasavarietyofhobbies.32.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____(have)gotverygoodmarksinthematch.33.Heisoneofthestudentswho_____(have)gotverygoodmarksinthematch.hashaveis先行詞的中心詞是theonlyone與先行詞一致先行詞是thestudents考點七：定語從句中的主謂一致問題鞏固練習：1.WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes________whichwecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.2.AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.3.Thenumberofsmokers,_____isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.4.Dr.Rowan,__________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.5.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything______heowns.fromwhereaswhosethat6.Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.7.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth________givesofflightinthedark.8.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.9.Self-driving

is

an

area

_______

China

and

the

rest

of

the

world

are

on

the

same

startingline.10.Manyyoungpeople,mostof______werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.whenwhich/thatwhichwherewhom11.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway_____hesaidit.12.

ButSarah,______hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.13.Jessicaistheonlyoneofthestudentsinmyclasswho___________(admit)intoauniversityinBeijinglastyear.14.Thereason______seniorboystudentshavedifficultyinEnglishlearningisthattheydidn’tbuildagoodfoundationintheirjuniorschools.15.Aftersuccessfullywinningtherighttohostthe2022WinterOlympics,Beijingwillbecometheworld’sfirstcity______hostsbothSummerOlympicsandWinterOlympics.thatwhowasadmittedwhythat高考真題鏈接：1.(2023全國甲卷)Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,_________RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.2.(2023全國甲卷)TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica_______alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings.3.(2023全國乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace___________welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.4.(2022新高考I卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat_______(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasofgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.aswherethat/whichwere5.(2022新高考I卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies_________livewithin