新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)Lesson+38+Water+and+the+traveler+講義

Lesson38Waterandthetraveller水和旅行者Whatdoesthistextdescribe?Contaminationofwatersuppliesisusuallyduetopoorsanitation1closetowatersources,sewagedisposalintothesourcesthemselves,leakage2ofsewageintodistributionsystemsorcontaminationwithindustrialorfarmwaste.Evenifapipedwatersupplyissafeatitssource,itisnotalwayssafebythetimeitreachesthetap.Intermittent3tap-watersuppliesshouldberegardedasparticularlysuspect.Travellersonshorttripstoareaswithwatersuppliesofuncertainqualityshouldavoiddrinkingtap-water,oruntreatedwaterfromanyothersource.Itisbesttohotdrinks,bottledorcanneddrinksofwell-knownbrandnames--internationalstandardsofwatertreatmentareusuallyfollowedatbottlingplants.Carbonateddrinksareacidic,andslightlysafer.Makesurethatallbottlesareopenedinyourpresence,andthattheirrims4arecleananddry.Boilingisalwaysagoodwayoftreatingwater.Somehotelssupplyboiledwateronrequestandthiscanbeusedfordrinking,orforbrushingteeth.Portableboilingelementsthatcanboilsmallquantitiesofwaterareusefulwhentherightvoltageofelectricityisavailable.Refusepolitelyanycolddrinkfromanunknownsource.Iceisonlyassafeasthewaterfromwhichitismade,andshouldnotbeputindrinksunlessitisknowntobesafe.Drinkcanbecooledbyplacingthemonicetatherthanaddingicetothem.Alcoholmaybeamedicaldisinfectant,butshouldnotbereliedupontosterilize5water.Ethanolismoreeffectiveataconcentrationof50-70percent;below20percent,itsbactericidalactionisnegligible.Spiritslabelled95proofcontainonlyabout47percentalcohol.Bewareofmethylatedalcohol,whichisverypoisonous,andshouldneverbeaddedtodrinkingwater.Ifnoothersafesupplycanbeobtained,tapwaterthatistoohottotouchcanbelefttocoolandisgenerallysafetodrink.Thoseplanningatriptoremoteareas,orintendingtoliveincountrieswheredrinkingwaterisnotreadilyavailable,shouldknowaboutthevariouspossiblemethodsformakingwatersafe.RICHARDDAWOODTravellers'HealthNewwordsandexpressions生詞和短語(yǔ)contaminationn.污染sanitationn.衛(wèi)生，衛(wèi)生設(shè)備sewagen.污水leakagen.泄漏intermittentadj.間歇的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的carbonatedadj.碳化的，碳酸的acidicadj.酸的，酸性的alcoholn.酒精disinfectantn.消毒劑sterilizev.消毒ethanoln.乙醇bactericidaladj.殺菌的negligibleadj.可以忽略的，微不足道的methylatedadj.加入甲醇的參考譯文水源的污染通常是由于接近水源的地方衛(wèi)條件太差而造成的：污水排入水源，污水滲入給水系統(tǒng)或工農(nóng)業(yè)污水造成污染。即使管道供水系統(tǒng)在水源處安全的，等水到達(dá)龍頭時(shí)就不一定總是安全的了。斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的水管應(yīng)該被視為是非?？梢傻?。短途旅行到水質(zhì)不保險(xiǎn)的地區(qū)時(shí)，應(yīng)避免飲用水龍頭的水或未經(jīng)處理任何其他來(lái)源的水。最好僅飲用開(kāi)水，名牌瓶裝或罐裝水--裝瓶廠通常遵循國(guó)際水處理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。碳酸飲料是酸性的，就更安全一些。確保瓶子是當(dāng)你面開(kāi)啟的，瓶口清潔干燥。燒開(kāi)一直是水處理的一種好辦法。有的酒店根據(jù)要求可提供開(kāi)水，這些開(kāi)水可用于飲用和刷牙。如果有相配的電壓，可以煮少量水的便攜式熱水裝置是有用的。應(yīng)謝絕任何不明來(lái)源的冷飲。冰塊只有當(dāng)制造冰塊的水安全時(shí)才是保險(xiǎn)的，只有知道冰塊安全時(shí)才能加入飲料?？梢园扬嬃现糜诒鶋K之上來(lái)冷卻，而不是把冰塊加進(jìn)飲料之中。酒精可能是醫(yī)學(xué)上的消毒劑，但決不可用來(lái)消毒飲用水。乙醇的濃度為50%至70%時(shí)比較有效，濃度低于20%時(shí)，殺菌能力基本上就不存在了。強(qiáng)度標(biāo)為95的酒中含有47%的酒精。要提防甲基化酒精，那是劇毒的，永遠(yuǎn)不能摻入飲用水。如果沒(méi)有其他安全的飲用水，水管中流出的燙手的水可以留下來(lái)冷卻。這種水一般是安全的。那些計(jì)劃去偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)旅行，或在飲用水不現(xiàn)成的國(guó)家居住的人，應(yīng)該知道如何使水適于飲用的各種辦法。

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1sanitation

n.公共衛(wèi)生，環(huán)境衛(wèi)生，衛(wèi)生設(shè)備參考例句：Thelocationisexceptionallypoor,viewedfromthesanitationpoint.從衛(wèi)生角度來(lái)看，這個(gè)地段非常糟糕。Manyillnessesaretheresult,finadequatesanitation.許多疾病都來(lái)源于不健全的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施。2leakage

n.漏，泄漏；泄漏物；漏出量參考例句：Largeareasoflandhavebeencontaminatedbytheleakagefromthenuclearreactor.大片地區(qū)都被核反應(yīng)堆的泄漏物污染了。Thecontinuingleakageistheresultofthelongcrackinthepipe.這根管子上的那一條裂縫致使?jié)B漏不斷。3intermittent

adj.間歇的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的參考例句：Didyouheartheintermittentsoundoutside?你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)外面時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的聲音了嗎？Inthedaytimeintermittentrainsfreshenedalltheearth.白天里，時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)地下著雨，使整個(gè)大地都生氣勃勃了。4rims

n.（圓形物體的）邊(rim的名詞復(fù)數(shù))；緣；輪輞；輪圈參考例句：Asshespoke,therimsofhereyesreddenedalittle.說(shuō)時(shí)，眼圈微紅。來(lái)自漢英文學(xué)-圍城Hereyeswerealittlehollow,andreddishabouttherims.她的眼睛微微凹陷，眼眶有些發(fā)紅。來(lái)自辭典例句5st