2021-2022學(xué)年上海市華東師大二附中高一（上）期末英語試卷

2021-2022學(xué)年上海市華東師大二附中高一（上）期末英語試卷

I,ListeningComprehension（20%）SectionADirections：InsectionA,youwillhearten

shortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwill

beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.

Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswerson

yourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.（1分）A.Tothelibrary.

B.Tothecarfactory.

C.Tothedormitory.

D.Tothebackyard.

2.（1分）A.Heisnotfeelingwelltoday.B.Hehasnotmadethephonecallsyet.

C.Hefailedtofinishtheprojectontime.D.Heforgottomeetthewomanlastnight.

3.（1分）A.Badweatherkeptmanypeoplefromattendingthelecture.

B.Hedidnotexpecttoseesomanypeopleatthelecture.

C.Thelecturestartedmuchearlierbecauseoftherain.

D.Theprofessortalkedaboutsomethingtoounusual.

4.（1分）A.Takebothsweatersalong.

B.Choosethewarmersweater.

C.Pickthebright-coloredsweater.

D.Wearaheavycoatinsteadofasweater.

5.（1分）A.Themanagerwillbeavailablebeforethemeeting.

B.Themanageristoobusytoseethemannow.

C.Themanshouldcomebacktomorrow.

D.Themanshouldgotothemeeting.

6.（1分）A.Themanshouldbuyawatchinajewelrystore.

B.Themanhasbeenlookingatpoorlymadewatches.

C.Thewatchesinthejewelrystoreareevenmoreexpensive.

D.Thejewelrystoredoesn'thaveagoodselectionofwatches.

7.（1分）A.Doubtful.B.Surprised.C.Reluctant.D.Disappointed.

8.(1分)A.Chessismoredifficult.B.Bridgetakesmoretimetolearn.

C.Bothgamesareplayedworldwide.D.Hecan'tcomparethetwogames.

9.(1A.Theprincipaliswaitingtoseeher.B.Herfellowshipwasannouncedfirst.

C.Herfellowshipdependsonhergrades.D.Alloftheapplicantsreceivedfellowships.

10.(1分)A.He'snotfeelingwell.B.Hecan'tseeverywell.

C.Hiseyedoesn'thurtverymuch.D.Hiseyeisn*thealingveryquickly.

SectionBDirections：InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelonger

conversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandthe

conversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswill

bespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion9readthefourpossibleanswersonyour

paperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

11.(3分)(1)A.Abiologist.B.Azookeeper.C.Apsychologist.D.Ananimalscientist.

(2)A.Theyaremoreattachedtohumanbeings.B.Theyneedmoreresearchprojects.

C.Theyusuallyattractmorevisitors.D.Theyareendangeredanimals.

(3)A.Showthemhowtofeedtheanimals.B.Writereportsaboutanimals'habits.

C.Provideexplanationabouteachanimal.D.Assistwithmedicalprocedures.

12.(3分)(1)A.WhatBritishpeoplepreferindailylanguageuse.

B.HowAmericanshavedevelopedtheirownlanguage.

C.ThereasonswhyBritishEnglishdiffersfromAmericanEnglish.

D.SomedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.

(2)A.Tutorial.B.Gettutoring.C.E-learning.D.Collegelife.

(3)A.Itinvolvesalotofdiscussion.

B.Thereareseveralhundredlisteners.

C.Severalteachersaretalkingonebyone.

0.Relatedmaterialsarehandedoutbeforehand.

13.(4分)(1)A.Whethersomehealthtipsaretrue.

B.Whatdoctorsdotokeepthemselvesfit.

C.Whysomerumorsspreadmorewidelythanothers.

D.Howpeopleavoidthedamagecausedbyunhealthylifestyles.

(2)A.Skimmedmilk.B.Shellfish.C.Soysauce.D.Chocolate.

(3)A.Itisanaturalsittingposition.B.Itdoeslessharmthanleaningbackslightly.

C.Itmaycauselower-backpain.D.Itprovesbeneficialforofficeworkers.

(4)A.Toimprovecitizens'eyesight.B.Topromotetheadvantagesofcarrots.

C.Toconcealthetruth.D.Todetectenemybombers.

II.Grammar(8%)Directions：Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

14.(1分)Tomkeptquietabouttheincidentlosehisjob.()

A.sonotastoB.soasnotto

C.soastonotD,notsoasto

15.(1分)inthemountainsforaweek,thetwoexplorerswerefinallysavedbythe

localpolice.()

A.TobelostB.LosingC.BeinglostD.Lost

16.(1分)---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.

---Well,nowIregretthat.()

A.todoB.tobedoing

C.tohavedoneD.havingdone

17.(1分)thehostcallhername,herheartstartedtobeatfiercely.()

A.HearingB.Whenhearing

C.HeardD.Whensheheard

18.(1分),Bryanhadtomakegreatefforttoconcentrateonthebook,.

()

A.Absorbedinitsstory；ignoringtheoutsideworld

B.Absorbinginitsstory；toignoretheoutsideworld

C.Tobeabsorbedinitsstory；ignoringtheoutsideworld

D.Beingabsorbedinitsstory；toignoretheoutsideworld

19.(1分)Anythingthatisworthisworthywell.()

A.doing；doingB.doing；tobedone

C.doing；beingdoneD.tobedone；doing

20.(1分)Ihavenoobjectiontheeveningwiththem.()

A.tospendB.ofspending

C.tospendingD.spending

21.(1分)byhisboss,hehadtogiveintopressureandagreedtodosomeextrawork.

()

A.NottobefiredB.Tobefired

C.NotbeingfiredD.Notfired

III.Vocabulary(10%)Directions：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsin

thebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

22.(10分)

A.entryB.impressiveC.potentialD.conductingE.affordable

F.meet

G.heartH.expandLdeniedJ.customK.entrepreneurial

Lastspring,KarlyBierma,an18-year-oldgirlfromCanbyHighSchool(CHS)inOregon,

US,carriedwithheraspiritofgo-for-itmentality.Andit'sthatspiritthatledherdownan

unexpected,(1)roadatarelativelyyoungage.

Growingupona75-acrefarm,Biermaknewfromanearlyagethatartwasgoingtobe

partofherlife.Alongwithdoingchores,Bierma*spassionforartstartedtoreallyigniteasa

seventh-graderwhentheplainwhitewallsofNinety-OneSchoolcalledouttoherforcolor

andvibrancy.(2)thechancetocreateamuralononeofthewallsinitially,sheran

home,madeafulllayout,gotpaintdonatedandorganizedacommittee,thencamebackabout

aweeklaterwithafullplanandgota'yes'.

AsBiermagrewasanartist,sherealizedthatshewantedtoshareherpassionandher

creationswithalargeraudience.Buthow?

"Istartedsellingmyartinthebeginningofhighschoolatmarketsandcoffeehouse

shows,butIjustdidn'tseethe(3)inpeoplebuyingoriginals,"Biermasaid,"That's

kindofwheremyideaforthestickerscamefrom.Iwantedtomakeiteasy,convenientand(4)

forpeopletobuymyart."

Ah,thestickers.ltisherethatBiermawasabletowatchpassion,artandreality

(5).Theresultshavebeen(6).InNovember2019,throughawebsitethat

wouldturnscansofheruniqueartintostickers,Biermaorderedherfirstsetof(7)

stickers."Itwas$104(about728yuan)for150stickers,anditwasallmymoney,nshesaid.

Soon,shewassellingherstickersinthehallwaysofCHSalldaylong.Shealsohitupfive

to10storeseachweekendacrossCanbyandotherlocales,justlookingfora(n)(8)

pointintotheretailmarket.Shefoundsometakers,butastoreinOregonCityprovedtobea

doorwaytoamuchbiggerworldforhercreations.

InApril2020,agroupofgiftrepresentativessawBierma'sstickersandthosemiddlemen

wereableto(9)herlineintostoresthroughoutthenorthwest,andin2020,shehad

salesofmorethan17,00()stickers.

"That'swhenIwasforcedtorealizethatthiswasabusiness.Ihadtofigureoutinvoicing,

creditcards,allthatfunstuff,"shesaid."Ihadbecomeafull-onartistwhohadtolearntodo

business.It'sfuntoseeadesignthat'sclosetomy(10)anddiscoverthatwhatI

loveiswhatotherpeoplelove,too.11

IV.ReadingComprehension(30%)SectionA(15%)Directions：Foreachblankinthe

followingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineach

blankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

23.(15分)

DigitalHeaven

Ifyouhadtheopportunitytoliveforever,wouldyoutakeit?The(1)tokeeping

yourbodyaliveindefinitelystillseemunbeatable,butsomescientiststhinkthereisanother

(2)openedupbydigitaltechnology：creatingadigitalcopyofyour"self'and

keepingthat"alive"onlinelongafteryourphysicalbodyhas(3)tofunction.

(4),theproposalistocloneapersonelectronically.Unlikethefamiliarphysical

clones-offspringthathave(5)featuresastheirparents,butthatarecompletely

separateorganismswithaseparate(6)life-yourelectronicclonewouldbelieve

itselftobeyou.Howmightthisbepossible?Thefirststepwouldbetomapthebrain.

How?Oneplan(7)thedevelopmentofnanotechnology.RayKurzweil-one

oftheprophets(先矢口)ofartificialintelligence-(8)thatwithintwoorthree

decadeswewillhavenanotransmittersthatcanbe(9)intothebloodstream.Inthe

capillariesofthebraintheywouldlineupalongsidetheneuronsand(10)thedetails

ofthecerebral(大腦的)electronicactivity.Theywouldbeableto(11)that

informationtoareceiverinsideaspecialhelmetorcap,sotherewouldbenoneedforany

wiresextendingfromthescalp(頭皮).

Asafurtherstep,RayKurzweilalsoconsiderthenanotransmittersbeingabletoconnect

youtoaworldofvirtualrealityontheInternet,similartowhatwasdepictedinthefilm

iMatrix*.Withthenanotransmittersinplace,bythoughtalone,youcouldlogontothe

Internetandinsteadofthepicturescominguponyourscreentheywouldplayinsideyourmind.

(12)sendingyourfriendse-mailsyouwouldagreetomeetuponsomevirtual

tropicalbeach.

ForRaythiswouldbe,quite(13),heaven.Onceyouuploadthebrainontothe

Internetandlogontothatvirtualworldthebodycanbelefttorotwhileyourvirtualself

carriesonplayingCounterStrikeforever.

GenerationsofChristiansbelievedinChristpartlybecausehisrebirthheldoutthe(14)

thatwetoomightbeabletoenjoylifeafterdeath.ButwhywaitfortheSecondComingwhen

youcanhaveashotofnanobotsanduploadyourbrainontotheInternetandliveonasan

immortalvirtualsurfer?

Whoneedsfaithwhenyou'vegot(15)?

(1)A.devotionB.referenceC.obstacleD.priority

(2)A.possibilityB.challengeC.pressureD.judgment

(3)A.revealedB.adaptedC.preservedD.ceased

(4)A.InconsequenceB.IneffectC.IncontrastD.Intotal

(5)A.relevantB.identicalC.distinctiveD.limited

(6)A.creativeB.ambitiousC.previousD.conscious

(7)A.reliesonB.appliestoC.sumsupD.figuresout

(8)A.proposesB.predictsC.quotesD.recognizes

(9)A.processedB.admittedC.injectedD.turned

(10)A.updateB.promoteC.arrangeD.detect

(11)A.translateB.transmitC.transplantD.transform

(12)A.RegardlessofB.AsidefromC.Otherthan□.Insteadof

(13)A.typicallyB.literallyC.instantlyD.faithfully

(14)A.strengthB.requestC.clue□.promise

(15)A.mindB.soulC.broadbandD.data

SectionB(11%)Directions：Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedby

severalquestions.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choose

theonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

24.(4分)

Travelingthroughtime

Aschildren,wedreamofgrowingolder；whenweareolder,wedreamofbeing

children.Weletourlivespassusbybecausewehaveyettolearnthattheharderyouyearnfor

time,thefasteritpasses.Thisishowmystorybegins.

InOctoberofmyfreshmanyear,Itookanaccidentaltripdownmemorylane.Oneday

afterschool,1decidedtotakethelongwayhome,Ineededtimetothink.SooffIwent,walking

throughthegrass.ThatwashowIcametofindagapinthefenceliningtheschoolproperty.I

passedthroughthisgapandfollowedthetreelineuntilIfoundmyselfinthefarfieldsbehind

theneighborhood.

Suddenly,Iremembereditwasherethroughthefencebetweentheschoolandthefields

thatIwatchedolderkidshavingtheirhighschoolgraduationceremony.Incapandgown(長

袍)，theystoodinthemiddleofthefield.TheylookedliketheywerehavingthemostfunIhad

everseenanyonehave；theylookedfree.

Yearslater,Iwalkedthroughthatfieldonmywayhomefromthatsamehighschool.The

soccernetswerelonggone,andthepaintlineshadwashedawaywiththerain,butthereit

was,justasIrememberedit.Theoldfieldfeltlikeamomenttrappedintime,along-forgotten

memory.HereIwas,standinginbetweenmypastandmypresentandtryingsohardtofigure

outjusthowallofthoseyearshadpassedmebysoquickly.Thegapinthefenceseemedlikea

distinctlinebetweenmyyears.Adoorwaybetween5and15.

I'vesincegiventhisplaceaname,TempusIllud,aplacebetweenplaces.Itrytotakethe

longwayhomeatleastonceamonthnow.Sometimes,whenIcrossthatbridge,Iseethat

youngerversionofmyself.Sheissoyoungandsodesperatetospeeduptime.lseeherpeering

throughthefenceatthosegraduatesinthecapandgown,andshe*swishingshecouldbejust

likethem.She,too,couldfeelsofreethatshemightjustgrowwingsandflyaway.NowI'm

preparingtowearthecapandgowninafewshortmonths.Butthistime,Iwishtoleavetimeto

itsowndevices.

Theharderyouyearnfortime,thefasteritpassesyouby.SoInolongeryearn.The

passageoftimeisinevitable,andyoucan'tavoidit,butyoucanappreciateit.JamesTaylor

sings,"Thesecretoflifeisenjoyingthepassageoftime,,,Nobodyknowshowwegottothe

topofthehill,butsincewe'reonourwaydown,wemightaswellenjoytheride/'

(1)Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenshesawtheolderkids1graduationceremony?

AJealous.

B.Curious.

C.Admiring.

0.Unconcerned.

(2)WhatisthesignificanceofTempusIlludtotheauthor?

A.Ithonorsherbestchildhoodmemory.

B.Itbridgesherpast,presentandfuture.

C.Itshowsthemiracleoffrozentime.

D.Itsymbolizeshighschoolgraduation.

(3)Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedexpression"leavetime

toitsowndevices'*inparagraph5?

A.Keepcalm,andcarryon.

B.Whateverwillbe,willbe.

C.Seizetheday.

D.Thebestisyettocome.

(4)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?

A.Tosuggestthattimebringsthetruthtolight.

B.Toshowthattoughtimesneverlast.

C.Toexplainhowtimechangeseverything.

D.Toshareherchangingattitudetowardtime.

253分)

FlatBoxteaninsulatedneoprenelanchboxtfut

Amazingproductsfromtheunfoldstoaplacenuit,givingyouadeanturfftce.

InternationalHomeandThemMhigwashableUghufourseparatezippers

HousewaresShow_______allowingdiners

.切OotttodfcavoXm?toopenitfullyor

paxtiiDy,impoftant

heInteniadonilHomeandHousewaresShowwheneatingina

ishuje-16milesofaislesspreadOverthreeKOADspacelikem

bTuOdingsatChicagokMcCormfdcHace>withmoreairphneseat

than4200vendorBdtepliyingBOOMofthelatestw

tech&i>dgreatdesignforhomegcxxfe.

Afewtrendsremainpopular:multifunctional用懂妍［&泌e'LOngKTbi，頡十時

prodocts,eco-friendlyits1ntlamut-homegoodsthatAirpurifiersdearwinterindoor

fbcosonsafetyandproductstoimproveweQness.mr,butthebreezeCBQgiveoffachilly

feeling.DeTonghiairpurifiersolvesthat

:海r畝Wopen兔的Mo's,US:巷mart.ESEZ"problembycombininganairpurifierand

EJeqmkUS:Rsmartlockusesfadalrecognition■heaterinasleekdesign.

tolodeortrnlockadoor.ThevideocamerausesTherearesixgeodeheataettings,and

infraredmultipoint3Drecognitionwhidithethesurround-airfeaturemetnsnohot

ecomptnysayscannotbefooledby.spots.Insummer,userscanswitdifrom

photosandvideos.Ownerscanheatingtocoolingwithdieadtfl10fimBettingsaD

storeupto50facesperlockandwhfleporifyfogtheah(.?

havefiveotheroptionstolockor

udodcdoors-fingerprintsnn。

keyfobs,smartphoneapp.videoXNewwgyofcooking:GHonzTcodWove???

cameraoraphysicalkey.Evexyoneusesamicrowsvetordieatorthawout

food.Butwhatifyoucouldmdoeapieceoffrozen

food>odhaveitcomeoutniedybrownedasifit

AGdllUsticeummer!werecookedinanoven?Gahrnz

MostgrataevecoatedwithbroughtitsToastWave,whichsays

cakedongunkthaiabmthcan!romovo,itwilldefrostandcookwiththe

MWfc?■handh必grilldeanertMUMO

01,500-Mttreamgeneratorocxnblrwdwithcombinedspeedofamicrowave

asta*niese-3tMibrushtocutthroughcreeseandaconvectionoveninone

andodmeremoving99.99percentofperms

9space-savingappliance.Theeme

andtacMria.

39DOworkingmodelsattheshowtotest,soH0tnow,

ifaagreatconcept

(1)Inordertobepopularontheshow,anitemshouldhaveoneofthefollowingselling

pointsexcept.

A.reasonableprice

B.multiplefunctions

C.homeautomation

D.eco-friendlysystem

(2)Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheseproducts?

A.Apartfromfacialrecognition,thereisnootherwaytolockorunlockElecpro*sUS：E.

B.De'Longhiairpurifiercanonlybeusedinsummerbecauseitgivesachillyfeeling.

C.TheGalanzToastWavehasnotcomeontothemarketyet.

D.Despitethegerm-awayexperienceitprovides,theFlatboxCheersitselfishardtoclean.

(3)Whereisitmostlikelytofindthisarticle?

A.Scientificjournal.

B.Educationmagazine.

C.Advertisementbrochure.

D.Localnewspaper.

26.(4分)TheactorsFelicityHuffmanandLoriLoughlinareamong50wealthypeople,charged

TuesdayinwhatDepartmentofJusticeofficialscalledthelargestcollegecheatingscam(騙

局)ithaseveraccused.TheFBIallegedthatparentsspentupto$6.5milliontoguarantee

theirchildren'sadmissiontoeliteuniversitiesbyinflatingentrance-examscoresandbribing

collegeofficials.

It'stheextreme,illegalversionofwhatparentsoftendo,attemptingtobendthecollege

-admissionssystemtotheirwilltoensuretheirchildren'sprivilege,convincedthatacollege

namewillleadto"success."Parentsbelievethataneliteschoolwillmaketheirkidshappyor

givethemanedgeinlife.Butthemisleadingfocusona"roadmaptosuccess"notonlyisn'ta

guaranteeofeitherresult-it'salsoterribleforkids.

Alatimewhenoneinfivecollegestudentsreportshavinghadsuicidalthoughtsoverthe

pastyear,wemusthammerhometofamiliesthemessagethattunnel-visioningtoward

selectiveschoolsisnotonlymisguided,butdangerous.Insteadoffocusingonacollege

"search"tofindtheschoolsthatwillbestfitastudent,toomanyfamiliesarefocusingon

college"prep,"moldingthestudenttofitaschool.Thispracticetellsteenagerstheyaren'tgood

enoughunlesstheygetacertainacceptanceletter,aharmfulmessagethatlingerslongafterthe

applicationprocess.Andforwhat?Studentsaren*tautomaticallyhappieratname-brand

schools.

Yetsomanyfamiliescontinuetohavename-brandfever.Parentswantthenameofthe

collegetoreflectalltheeffortandhardworkthattheyandtheirchildrenputintothehigh-

schoolyears,andtheywantthenameoftheircollegetomakeupforthelackofsleepandother

sacrificestheymadealongtheway.Butnamesdon'tnecessarilyreflectsubstance.Namesare

empty.Yetnottomentionthedestructionofone'schildhood.AsanIllinoishigh-schoolsenior

toldme,"manystudentsviewtheiryounglifeas"aconveyorbelt,"makingmonotonous

scheduledstopsathighschool,college,graduateschool,ajob,morejobs,somepromotions,

andthenyoudie."

Parentsmighttellthemselvesthatthey'repushingsohardforthesakeoftheir

children.Butwhetherthey'rebribingofficials,ordonatingbuildings,thechildrenaretheones

whosuffer.

(1)AccordingtotheFBI,familiesinvestedalotofmoneyintheirkids'admission.

A.todefendtheirchildrenagainstthecollegecheatingscam

B.toguaranteethelegalversionofadmissiontoeliteuniversities

C.fortheyhavetobribecollegeofficialsforhigherscores

D.fbrtheywanttoensuretheirkids1accesstoeliteschools

(2)Theauthorsuggeststhatwhatparentsoftendo.

A.issensibleenoughtoensuretheirchildren'sadvantageinlife

B.ismoreofadisasterthanaguaranteeforhappinessandadvantage

C.isinessenceextremeandillegal

D.cannotguaranteetheirkids'entranceexamresults

(3)WecaninferfromParagraph3thatfamiliesshould.

A.laymorestressonthechoiceofsuitablecollegesthanpursuingname-brandschools

B.bringhomethereportsaboutmanycollegestudents'suicidetoalertthekids

C.domoretohelpteenagersacquireacceptanceletters

0.continuekeepinganeyeontheirkids'happinessatname-brandschools

(4)WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutcollegenamesaccordingtoParagraph4?

A.Thenameofthecollegeismeantbychildrentoreflecttheirsacrificesalongtheway.

B.Collegenamesareemptysotheycannotreflecttheessenceoflife.

C.Forallthegraveconsequences,parentsarestillobsessedwitheliteuniversities'names.

D.EliteSchools'nameswilldestroymanyyoungpeople's"conveyorbelt".

SectionC(4%)Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithaproper

sentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomore

sentencesthanyouneed.

27.(4分)Wouldyouratherwatchanewmovieoranoldfavorite?Wouldyourathertryadish

youhaveneverhadatarestaurant,orstickwithsomethingyouknowyouwilllike?

Researchersstudyingthe“mere-exposureeffectHhavefoundthatweoftenpreferthefamiliar

overthenovel.

In1968,socialpsychologistRobertZajoncpublishedalandmarkpaperonthemere-

exposureeffect.Hishypothesiswasthatsimplybeingexposedtoanobjectonarepeatedbasis

wasenoughtomakepeoplelikethatthing.(1)Hevariedhowoftentheyreadeach

word(upto25repetitions).Next,participantswereaskedtodecidehowpositiveornegative

themeaningofeachwordwas.Zajoncfoundthatparticipantslikedthewordsthattheyhadsaid

moreoften,andthewordsthathadbeenread25timeswereratedthehighest.

Oneplacewherethemere-exposureeffectfrequentlyoccursisinadvertising.(2)

Ofcourse,thereisawarninghere：Themere-exposureeffectdoesnothappentothingswe

dislikeinthefirstplace.

SinceZajonc'sinitialstudy,numerousresearchershaveinvestigatedthemere-exposure

effect.Theyhavefoundthatourlikingforavarietyofthings(includingpictures,sounds,foods

andsmells)canbeincreasedwithrepeatedexposure,suggestingthatthemere-exposure

effectisnotlimitedtojustoneofoursenses.

InthedecadessinceZajoncpublishedhispaperonthemere-exposureeffect,researchers

havealsosuggestedseveraltheoriestoexplainwhytheeffecthappens.Oneoftheleading

theoriesisthatmereexposuremakesusfeellessuncertain.(3)However,whenwe

seethesamethingoverandoverandnothingbadhappens,westarttorealizethatthereis

nothingtobeafraidof.Additionally,mereexposureincreaseswhatpsychologistscall

"perceptualfluency.11Theperspectiveisbasedontheideathat,whenwehaveseensomething

before,itiseasierforustounderstandandinterpretit,whichputsusinapositivemood.

Whilepsychologistsarestilldebatingwhatcausesthemere-exposureeffect,