2025屆高考英語(yǔ)精準(zhǔn)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)-閱讀理解高頻難詞

2025屆高考英語(yǔ)精準(zhǔn)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)

閱讀理解高頻難詞題型分析01高考閱讀理解?？碱}型閱讀理解主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的主旨要義、特定細(xì)節(jié)、深層含義以及篇章結(jié)構(gòu)等的把握。從題型上可大致分為以下幾種：1.主旨大意題，包括主旨大意題和文章標(biāo)題題；2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題，包括對(duì)文章特定信息的認(rèn)定以及長(zhǎng)難句的理解；3.詞義猜測(cè)題，包括對(duì)未學(xué)過單詞詞義的推測(cè)和熟詞新義的推斷，也包括某一代詞所指代內(nèi)容的推測(cè)；4.推理判斷題，包括對(duì)文章的深層理解、作者的態(tài)度、人物的情感、事件的啟示等。主旨大意題主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解常考的題型之一，通常涉及概括文章或段落大意、揭示主題、選擇標(biāo)題等形式。要想做好此類考題，考生要具備分辨主題與細(xì)節(jié)的能力，在閱讀全文或某個(gè)段落之后，能夠運(yùn)用概括、歸納、推理等方法對(duì)所讀材料進(jìn)行高度概括和總結(jié)，能夠抓住文章或段落的主旨大意。主旨大意題著重考查考生歸納總結(jié)和概括信息的能力。此類型考題屬于能力型題目，是高難度題型，其命題方式包括選擇文章最佳標(biāo)題和概括全文或某一段落中心思想等?！緜淇疾呗浴恐黝}思想是文章的核心，能否抓住文章主題思想，是考生閱讀能力的主要體現(xiàn)?？忌谧龃祟惪碱}時(shí)，要快速瀏覽全文，劃分文章結(jié)構(gòu)；簡(jiǎn)要概括文章的中心思想；找出每個(gè)段落的主題句。結(jié)合文章的主題段落和結(jié)論段落找出關(guān)鍵詞后，與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比對(duì)，選擇出能概括全文中心內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。避免以偏概全、偷換概念等誤區(qū)，在做出最后選擇前，可以先排除干擾選項(xiàng)，縮小選擇范圍，有助于提高準(zhǔn)確率。細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解最重要的一類題型，旨在考查考生對(duì)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的判斷。設(shè)題一般針對(duì)文章某一個(gè)或若干個(gè)特定細(xì)節(jié)，分為直接理解題目和間接信息題：直接理解題，比較簡(jiǎn)單，只要通讀全文，了解文中所敘述重要事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，就可以直接從文章中找到答案；間接信息題，需要對(duì)文章中的相關(guān)句子或詞語(yǔ)做出解釋、轉(zhuǎn)換詞義，或是需要對(duì)相關(guān)的上下文提供的語(yǔ)境和信息、甚至對(duì)全文的內(nèi)容做準(zhǔn)確、全面的理解和判斷?！緜淇疾呗浴空莆沾祟惪碱}的設(shè)問特點(diǎn)，對(duì)于正確解題有一定幫助。直接信息題，考生可以從題干中找到關(guān)鍵詞，然后以此為線索，在文章中快速尋找到與之相關(guān)的信息，仔細(xì)比較所給選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)微區(qū)別，在正確理解細(xì)節(jié)之后，做出準(zhǔn)確判斷；間接信息題的答案，往往不是文章細(xì)節(jié)在選項(xiàng)中的簡(jiǎn)單重現(xiàn)，而是需要考生對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行加工處理，然后再做進(jìn)一步推理，進(jìn)行合理化推斷或轉(zhuǎn)換，然后才能得到準(zhǔn)確答案。有時(shí)文章中出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)或句型，在選項(xiàng)中常常用其他不同的方式來(lái)表達(dá)，這就需要考生能找到與文章中信息匹配的選項(xiàng)。awardvt.授予,判給n.獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金awarea.意識(shí)到columnn.柱,圓柱；欄,專欄comedyn.喜劇dumba.啞的；沉默的dumpvt.傾卸,傾倒deafa.聾的；不愿聽的decoratevt.裝飾,裝璜principala.最重要的n.負(fù)責(zé)人,校長(zhǎng)principlen.原則,原理

priora.優(yōu)先的,在前的priorityn.優(yōu)先,重點(diǎn)prohibitvt.禁止,不準(zhǔn)remarkablea.值得注意的,異常的,非凡的remedyn./vt.補(bǔ)救,醫(yī)治,治療repetitionn.重復(fù),反復(fù)vaina.徒勞的,無(wú)效的undertakevt.承擔(dān),著手做；同意,答應(yīng)uniquea.唯一的,獨(dú)特的obstaclen.障礙（物）,妨礙odda.奇特的,古怪的；奇數(shù)的omitvt.省略opponentn.敵手,對(duì)手opportunityn.機(jī)會(huì),時(shí)機(jī)orchestran.管弦樂隊(duì)semestern.學(xué)期；半年semiconductorn.半導(dǎo)體seminarn.研討會(huì)terminala.末端的,極限的n.終點(diǎn)territoryn.領(lǐng)土approximatea.大概的,大約v.近似arbitrarya.隨意的,未斷的architectn.建筑師architecturen.建筑學(xué)biologyn.生物學(xué)geographyn.地理（學(xué)）geologyn.地質(zhì)學(xué)geometryn.幾何（學(xué)）arithmeticn.算術(shù)algebran.代數(shù)entertainmentn.娛樂；招待,款待enthusiasmn.熱情,熱心entryn.進(jìn)入,入口處；參賽的人（或物）environmentn.環(huán)境episoden.插曲,片段equationn.方程（式）restrainvt.阻止,抑制restraintn.抑制,限制resumev.（中斷后）重新開始severea.嚴(yán)重的sexuala.性的simplicityn.簡(jiǎn)單；樸素simplifyvt.簡(jiǎn)化sorrown.悲哀,悲痛

stuffn.原料,材料vt.填進(jìn),塞滿temporarya.暫時(shí)的,臨時(shí)的temptationn.誘惑,引誘

terrorn.恐怖thrustv.擠,推,插treatyn.條約,協(xié)定arisevi.產(chǎn)生,出現(xiàn),發(fā)生；起身arousevt.引起,激起；喚醒burdenn.重?fù)?dān),負(fù)荷bureaun.局,辦事處marvelousa.奇跡般的,驚人的massivea.大的,大量的,大塊的maturea.成熟的maximuma.最高的,最大的minimuma.最低的,最小的

nonsensen.胡說,冒失的行動(dòng)nucleara.核子的,核能的nucleusn.核retailn./v./ad.零售retainvt.保留,保持restrictvt.限制,約束sponsorn.發(fā)起者,主辦者vt.發(fā)起,主辦,資助spurn./vt.刺激,激勵(lì)triumphn.勝利,成功tuitionn.學(xué)費(fèi)twistvt.使纏繞；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；扭歪undergraduaten.大學(xué)肄業(yè)生universala.普遍的,通用的；宇宙的

universen.宇宙viaprep.經(jīng)由,經(jīng)過,通過vibratev.振動(dòng),搖擺virusn.病毒

voluntarya.自愿的volunteern.志愿者v.自愿（做）votev.選舉n.選票wagonn.四輪馬車,鐵路貨車appointvt.任命,委派approachv.靠近,接近n.途徑,方式appropriatea.適當(dāng)?shù)腷unchn.群,伙；束,串bundlen.捆,包,束vt.收集,歸攏ceremonyn.典禮,儀式chaosn.混亂,紊亂discountn.（價(jià)格）折扣displayn./vt.陳列,展覽equivalenta.相等的a.相等物erecta.豎直的v.建造,豎立faxn./vt.傳真fertilea.肥沃的；多產(chǎn)的fertilizern.肥料gratefula.感激的gratituden.感激horrorn.恐怖

horriblea.可怕的Internetn.國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng),因特網(wǎng)interpretv.翻譯,解釋interpretationn.解釋,說明junglen.叢林,密林knotn.結(jié)vt.把...打成結(jié)leakv.漏,滲出leanvi.傾斜,倚,靠leapvi.跳躍

modifyvt.修改nylonn.尼龍junglen.叢林,密林powdern.粉末applicablea.可應(yīng)用的,適當(dāng)?shù)腶pplicantn.申請(qǐng)人

breadthn.寬度conservationn.保存,保護(hù)conservativea.保守的paralleln.平行線；可相比擬的事物passionn.,熱情passivea.被動(dòng)的,消極的patv./n.輕拍,輕打peakn.山峰,頂點(diǎn)phenomenonn.現(xiàn)象reluctanta.不情愿的,勉強(qiáng)的relyvi.(on,upon)依賴,指望relevanta.有關(guān)的,切題的reliablea.可靠的reliefn.輕松,寬慰；減輕reputationn.名氣,聲譽(yù)rescuevt./n.營(yíng)救trianglen.三角（形）sequencen.連續(xù)；順序shallowa.淺的shivervi/n.發(fā)抖

shrugv./n.聳肩signaturen.簽名sincerea.誠(chéng)摯的,真誠(chéng)的utilityn.功用,效用utilizevt.利用

uttervt.說出a.完全的,徹底的variationn.變化,變動(dòng)vehiclen.交通工具,車輛applausen.鼓掌,掌聲appliancen.器具,器械consentn.準(zhǔn)許,同意vi(to)準(zhǔn)許,同意conquervt.征服defectn.缺點(diǎn),缺陷

delicatea.易碎的；嬌弱的；精美的evolvev.演變evolutionn.演變,進(jìn)化frownv./n.皺眉frustratevt.使沮喪

guaranteevt./n.保證guiltya.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的jealousa.妒忌的jeansn.牛仔褲liquorn.酒,烈性酒liter/litren.升modesta.謙虛道m(xù)oleculen.分子orbitn.軌道v.（繞...）作軌道運(yùn)行participatev.(in)參與,參加模擬練習(xí)02DaveMerryandhistoolshavebeenthroughalottogether.ThetoolshelpedDave,now80,repairhishomeinSt.Paul,Minnesota,whereheandhiswife,AnnetteMerry,livedfor46yearsandraisedthreechildren.Thetablesaw,thejointerplane,thedrillpress,andthedozensofotherpowerandhandtoolshadprideofplaceinhiscarefullyorganizedworkshop.“Ihadawholesetup,anditwasbeautiful,”saysDave,aretiredengineer.ButthenAnnetteexperiencedastroke(中風(fēng))thatleftherrelyingonawalkertogetaround,andtheMerrysdecidedtomoveintoassistedliving.Dave’sworkshopwasobviouslyaminorconsiderationgivenAnnette’scondition,butthefamilyknewthatgivingitup,ontopofeverythingelse,wouldhurt.ItwastheMerrys’daughterwhocameupwithapossiblesolution.She’dheardaboutsomepeoplewhoweresettingupatoollibrary—anonprofitfacilitythatwouldlendouttoolsjustasaregularlibrarylendsbooks.MightDadbeinterestedindonatinghis?“Isaidyes,”Davesays.ThepeoplecreatingtheSt.PaulToolLibrarywerethrilled.Theyhadexpecteditwouldtakeayeartocollectenoughtoolstomaketheirfacilityfullyfunctional.Insteadittookoneday:thedayDavedonatedhis.Thelibrary’sfoundersdroveovertotheMerrys’houseandpickedeverythingupthemselves.ThelibraryishousedinthebasementoftheAmericanCanFactory.Memberspayanannualfee(from$20to$120)forunlimitedtooluseandavaryingnumberofvisitstotheworkshop.Andtheygetanextrabenefit:DaveMerry.“Almosteverytimewe’reopen,Dave’shere,”saysoneofthefounders,PeterHoh.“Itmeansalottometobeabletogoandusemytools,”Davesays.“ButitmeansjustasmuchtohelpDIYersusethetoolsproperly.”AsHohputsit,“Thisishisworkshopnow.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutDaveMerry?A.HehadfewDIYtools.B.Hekepthistoolswell.C.Heownedatoollibrary.D.Heusedawalkingstickafterstroke.5.Howdidthedaughterhelpherparents?A.ShetookoverDad’sworkshop.B.SheofferedDadusefulinformation.C.Shemovedthemintoassistedliving.D.ShesoldDad’stoolstoatoollibrary.6.WhatisavailabletothevisitorstotheSt.PaulToolLibrary?A.Freeuseofthetools.B.AvisittotheMerrys’house.C.Dave’sinstructionsforusingthetools.D.Hoh’sshareoftheprofitfromthelibrary.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ArtofLiving B.SettingupaLibraryC.AFamily-runLibrary D.RecyclingThroughDonating【答案】4.B5.B6.C7.D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章記述DaveMerry年邁之時(shí)無(wú)償捐助承載其諸多生活經(jīng)歷的DIY工具，使其循環(huán)使用讓更多人受益的溫馨故事。4.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段Thetablesaw,thejointerplane,thedrillpress,andthedozensofotherpowerandhandtoolshadprideofplaceinhiscarefullyorganizedworkshop.臺(tái)鋸、木工刨床、鉆床，以及其他幾十種動(dòng)力和手工工具，在他精心組織的車間里都占有重要地位?？芍?，他把工具保存得很好。故選B。5.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第三段ItwastheMerrys’daughterwhocameupwithapossiblesolution.She’dheardaboutsomepeoplewhoweresettingupatoollibrary—anonprofitfacilitythatwouldlendouttoolsjustasaregularlibrarylendsbooks.可知，是梅里家的女兒想出了一個(gè)可能的解決辦法。她聽說有些人正在建立一個(gè)工具庫(kù)——一個(gè)像普通圖書館出借圖書一樣出借工具的非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)。從而可知，女兒給爸爸提供了有用的信息。故選B。6.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Almosteverytimewe’reopen,Dave’shere,”saysoneofthefounders,PeterHoh.“Itmeansalottometobeabletogoandusemytools,”Davesays.“ButitmeansjustasmuchtohelpDIYersusethetoolsproperly.”可知，營(yíng)業(yè)的時(shí)候，戴夫都在這里幫助DIY者如何正確使用工具。故選C。7.D主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章記述DaveMerry年邁之時(shí)無(wú)償捐助承載其諸多生活經(jīng)歷的DIY工具，使其循環(huán)使用讓更多人受益的溫馨故事。故選D。Iwaitedhalfanhour,settheboard,andsatinthestudio,reviewingmyquestionsuntilthetelephonelinesflashed.“Hello?”“ThisisConnieChung.I’msosorryI’mlate.”ConnieChungwasoneoftheonlyfourwomenanchors（主播）tomakeitintotheclubofmajoreveningnetworktelevisionnews.Foralmostanhourwetalkedabouttheindustry.WhenIaskedifsheeverhadaninstructorthroughouthertrials,sheturnedaroundandofferedtoinstructme.WhenIaskedwhyshedecidedtodoit,shesimplyreplied,“Becauseyou’regood.”ThatafternoonIrushedhomeandtoldmymotherwhathadhappened.Withoutlookingup,shejustsaid“Goodforyou.”Hearingthis,Ifeltasenseofloss.Herconsistentresponsealwaysmademefeelunder-appreciated.UntilthenIhadbeensearchingforsomethingthatIwouldneverget—thatsenseofloveandacceptanceinahousefullofnegativity（消極）IknewIneededtogetridofallthenegativityinmylifefirst,soIpackedmybagsandwalkedoutofthehouse,thinkingariskwouldallowmetoopenmyselftotheworldagainandreceiveallthepositiveenergythatIneeded.Thenradiobecamemywayofconnectingwithothers.Myabilitytobookhigh-levelguestsandcelebrities（名人）wasgraduallyrecognizedandeventuallyallthewordsofencouragementfrompastguestsandcolleagueshelpedmetore-buildmyconfidencelevels.“Icandothis,”Ikepttellingmyself,andpushedevenhardertofindmynextaim.Peoplehadfaithinme,soIdevelopedfaithinmyself.Theirpositiveattitudestowardsthemselvesandtowardsmehelpedmedevelopmyownpositiveattitude,leadingtoproductiveinteractionswithcelebritiesandaddingtomylistofinstructors.ImaynothavestartedlifesurroundedbypositivitybutIsurelyfeelthatIamsurroundedbyitnow.It’samazinghowpositivitybuildsonitself.4.Whatwastheauthorprobablydoingatthebeginningofthetext?A.Hewaspreparingforashow. B.Hewaslookingforaninstructor.C.Hewaswaitingtobeinterviewed. D.Hewasbroadcastingnewsinthestudio.5.Howdidtheauthor’s