上海市寶山區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語試題 （解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1上海市寶山區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語試題ListeningComprehension(略)GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Sora:OpenAlwillnowletyoucreatevideosfromverbalcuesArtificialintelligenceleaderOpenAIintroducedanewAImodelcalledSorawhichitclaimscancreate“realistic”and“imaginative”60-secondvideosfromquicktextinstructions.InablogpostonWednesday,thecompanysaidSoraiscapableofgeneratingvideosupto60secondsinlengthfromtextinstructions,____1____(serve)upsceneswithmultiplecharacters,specifictypesofmotion,anddetailedbackgrounddetails.ThisisthelatesteffortfromthecompanybehindtheviralchatbotChatGPT,____2____continuestopushthegenerativeAImovementforward.____3____“multi-modalmodels”arenotnewandtext-to-videomodelsalreadyexist,whatsetsthisapartisthelengthandaccuracythatOpenAIclaimsSoratohave,accordingtoReeceHayden,asenioranalystatmarketresearchfirmABIResearch.HaydensaidthesetypesofAImodels____4____haveabigimpactondigitalentertainment.Sora____5____(make)availabletoonlinesecurityprofessorssooninordertoassesstheproductforharmsorrisks.Itisalsograntingaccesstoanumberofvisualartists,designersandfilmmakerstocollectfeedbackon____6____creativeprofessionalscoulduseit.Fornow,OpenAIsaidSoraisstillawork____7____progresswithclear“weaknesses,”particularlywhenitcomestospatialdetailsofaprompt-mixingupleftandright-andcauseandeffect.ThelatestupdatecomesasOpenAIcontinuestoadvanceChatGPT.Earlierthisweek,thecompanysaiditistestingafeatureinwhichuserscancontrolChatGPT’smemory,allowingthemtoasktheplatformtorememberchatstomakefutureconversations____8____(personalized)ortellittoforgetsomethingpreviously____9____(discuss).Thecompanyalsosaiditplanstoworkwithateamofexperts_____10_____(test)thelatestmodelandlookcloselyatvariousareasincludingmisinformation,hatefulcontentandprejudice.〖答案〗1.serving2.which3.While/Though/Although4.can5.willbemade6.how7.in8.morepersonalized9.discussed10.totest【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了OpenAI新推出的AI模型Sora，該模型能根據(jù)簡(jiǎn)短文本指令生成長(zhǎng)達(dá)60秒的視頻，有望深刻影響數(shù)字娛樂領(lǐng)域?！?題詳析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：周三，該公司在博客文章中表示，Sora能夠根據(jù)簡(jiǎn)短的文字指令生成長(zhǎng)達(dá)60秒的視頻，提供包含多個(gè)角色、特定類型的動(dòng)作和詳細(xì)背景細(xì)節(jié)的場(chǎng)景?？仗幬挥谑÷詔hat的賓語從句中，根據(jù)從句謂語動(dòng)詞is可知，空處需用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式作伴隨狀語，動(dòng)詞serve“提供”與從句主語Sora之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填serving?！?題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：這是風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的聊天機(jī)器人ChatGPT背后的公司的最新努力，它繼續(xù)推動(dòng)生成人工智能運(yùn)動(dòng)向前發(fā)展。根據(jù)空前謂語動(dòng)詞is和空后謂語動(dòng)詞continues，且句子不能構(gòu)成并列句，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞thecompany，先行詞指物，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which?！?題詳析】考查讓步狀語從句。句意：ABIResearch的高級(jí)分析師ReeceHayden表示，雖然“多模態(tài)模型”并不新鮮，文本到視頻的模型已經(jīng)存在，但根據(jù)OpenAI聲稱的Sora的長(zhǎng)度和準(zhǔn)確性，這使其與眾不同。根據(jù)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞are和is，以及前后句意的對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可知，空處引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管，雖然”，可用while/though/although引導(dǎo)，空處位于句首，首字母大寫。故填While/Though/Although?！?題詳析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：Hayden說，這類AI模型可能對(duì)數(shù)字娛樂產(chǎn)生重大影響?？仗幬挥谑÷詔hat的賓語從句中，根據(jù)已有動(dòng)詞原形have及句意可知，空處需填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示能力或可能性，應(yīng)用can，表明這類模型有潛力帶來大的影響。故填can。【5題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：Sora將很快提供給在線安全專家，以便他們?cè)u(píng)估該產(chǎn)品是否存在危害或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。空處是句子的謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)soon可知，句子講述的是將來的事情，應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)，且Sora與make之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填willbemade?！?題詳析】考查賓語從句。句意：它還向一些視覺藝術(shù)家、設(shè)計(jì)師和電影制作人開放訪問，以收集反饋，了解創(chuàng)意專業(yè)人士如何使用它。根據(jù)空前謂語動(dòng)詞is和空后謂語動(dòng)詞coulduse可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句作介詞on的賓語，從句中缺少方式狀語，應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)，說明他們想要了解的是使用方式。故填how?！?題詳析】考查介詞短語。句意：目前，OpenAI表示Sora仍是一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行中的工作，有明顯的“弱點(diǎn)”，特別是在空間細(xì)節(jié)〖提示〗方面會(huì)混淆左右和因果關(guān)系。inprogress為固定搭配，意為“正在進(jìn)行中”。故填in?！?題詳析】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：本周早些時(shí)候，該公司表示正在測(cè)試一項(xiàng)功能，該功能允許用戶控制ChatGPT的記憶，使他們能夠要求平臺(tái)記住聊天內(nèi)容，以便使未來的對(duì)話更加個(gè)性化，或者告訴它忘記之前討論過的某事。根據(jù)空前makefutureconversations可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞作賓補(bǔ)，且與未使用此功能前的情況相比，應(yīng)用形容詞personalized的比較級(jí)morepersonalized表示“更加個(gè)性化的”。故填morepersonalized。【9題詳析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：本周早些時(shí)候，該公司表示正在測(cè)試一項(xiàng)功能，該功能允許用戶控制ChatGPT的記憶，使他們能夠要求平臺(tái)記住聊天內(nèi)容，以便使未來的對(duì)話更加個(gè)性化，或者告訴它忘記之前討論過的某事。根據(jù)空前的不定代詞something和副詞previously可知，空處需用discuss的適當(dāng)形式與previously一起修飾something，something與discuss之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞discussed，作后置定語。故填discussed?！?0題詳析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：該公司還表示，計(jì)劃與一個(gè)專家團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，測(cè)試最新模型，并密切關(guān)注包括錯(cuò)誤信息、惡意內(nèi)容和偏見在內(nèi)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域?？仗幬挥谑÷詔hat的賓語從句中，根據(jù)從句謂語動(dòng)詞plans可知，空處需用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，空處表目的，應(yīng)用不定式形式totest，說明與專家團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的目的。故填totest。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.averageB.adaptC.consistingD.persistentE.exactlyF.stuckG.failingH.extremelyI.referredJ.initialK.rangeFromroughlythe16thto19thcenturies,muchoftheEarthwascaughtbyapersistentfreezingcold.Duringthistime,theNorthernHemisphere(半球)experiencedlongstretchesoftemperaturessocoldthatpeoplewitnessedcrops____11____andriversfreezing—liketheScheldtRiver.ThousandsofpeoplewalkingandplayingacrossthefrozenRiverThames;Soldiersonhorsebackseeingships____12____intheice;NativesusingsnowshoestooutsmarttheEnglisharmy…TheseweresomeoftheimagesthatdefinetheLittleIceAge—aperiodofseveralcenturieslastmillenniuminwhichpartsoftheNorthernHemispherestruggledwitha(n)____13____cold.ButwhatcausedtheLittleIceAge,howlongdiditlast,howdidpeople____14____tothefreezingcold—andwhatlessonscanwelearnasweenterourownperiodofclimaticchange?TheLittleIceAgewasnotatrueiceage—____15____coolingwasprobablyonlyintheorderof0.5degreesCelsius,or1degreeFahrenheit—orwasitconsistentlycold.DagomarDegroot,associateprofessorofenvironmentalhistoryatGeorgetownUniversityhas____16____totheeraasaseriesof“l(fā)ittleiceages.”Althoughsomeresearchersargueitmayhavebegunearlier,NASAdefinestheLittleIceAgeasbeginningaround1550and____17____ofthreecoldpeaks-around1650,1770and1850.Scientistsarestillworkingout____18____whatcausedtheLittleIceAgetoo.Theories____19____fromdecreasedsolaractivitytoincreasedvolcaniceruptions,tothedeclineofpopulationsinNorthAmerica,whichallowedforeststoreplaceagriculturalland,intheprocessremovingaboutsevenbilliontonsofcarbonfromtheatmosphere.A2022studyarguedthatthe______20______triggerwasactuallyariseofextremelywarmwaterflowingnorthfromthetropicsinthelate1300s,whichpushedArcticiceintotheNorthAtlantic.Whateverthecause,theconsequencesoftheLittleIceAgehavealastingeffectonhistory,althoughtowhatextentisstillcontroversial.〖答案〗11.G12.F13.H14.B15.D16.I17.C18.E19.K20.J【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了地球北半球的小冰河時(shí)期的情況?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：在此期間，北半球經(jīng)歷了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的低溫，人們目睹了莊稼歉收，河流凍結(jié)，比如斯海爾德河。根據(jù)“theNorthernHemisphereexperiencedlongstretchesoftemperatures”以及句意“歉收”可知應(yīng)填fail，此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故選G。【12題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：成千上萬的人在結(jié)冰的泰晤士河上散步玩耍；馬背上的士兵看見船陷在冰里；當(dāng)?shù)厝擞醚┬莿儆?guó)軍隊(duì)……根據(jù)“intheice”以及句意“陷在”可知應(yīng)填過去分詞stuck，作賓補(bǔ)。故選F?！?3題詳析】考查副詞。句意：這些是小冰河期的一些圖像——上個(gè)千年的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)里，北半球的部分地區(qū)與極度寒冷作斗爭(zhēng)。根據(jù)“TheseweresomeoftheimagesthatdefinetheLittleIceAge”以及句意“極度”可知應(yīng)填副詞extremely，修飾。故選H?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：但是，是什么導(dǎo)致了小冰期，它持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，人們是如何適應(yīng)寒冷的，當(dāng)我們進(jìn)入自己的氣候變化時(shí)期時(shí)，我們能學(xué)到什么？根據(jù)“tothefreezingcold”以及句意“適應(yīng)”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞adapt，此處為特殊疑問句，應(yīng)填原形。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：小冰河期并不是真正的冰河期——持續(xù)的降溫可能只有0.5攝氏度，或者1華氏度——也不是一直寒冷。根據(jù)“norwasitconsistentlycold”以及句意“持續(xù)的”可知應(yīng)填形容詞persistent，修飾名詞cooling。故選D?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：?jiǎn)讨纬谴髮W(xué)環(huán)境史副教授達(dá)格馬爾·德格魯特把這個(gè)時(shí)代稱為一系列的“小冰河期”。根據(jù)“totheeraasaseriesof“l(fā)ittleiceages.””以及句意“稱為”可知應(yīng)填refer，根據(jù)has可知為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選I?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：盡管一些研究人員認(rèn)為它可能開始得更早，但美國(guó)宇航局將小冰川期定義為大約始于1550年，由三個(gè)寒冷的高峰組成——大約在1650年、1770年和1850年。根據(jù)“ofthreecoldpeaks-around1650,1770and1850”以及句意“由……組成”可知應(yīng)填consist，作介詞as的賓語，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。故選C?！?8題詳析】考查副詞。句意：科學(xué)家們還在研究導(dǎo)致小冰河期的確切原因。根據(jù)“whatcausedtheLittleIceAgetoo”以及句意“確切”可知應(yīng)填副詞exactly，作狀語。故選E。【19題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：從太陽活動(dòng)減少到火山爆發(fā)增加，再到北美人口的減少，這使得森林取代了農(nóng)田，在這個(gè)過程中從大氣中去除了大約70億噸的碳。根據(jù)“fromdecreasedsolaractivitytoincreasedvolcaniceruptions,tothedeclineofpopulationsinNorthAmerica”以及句意“范圍變化”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞range，陳述事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用原形。故選K?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：2022年的一項(xiàng)研究認(rèn)為，最初的觸發(fā)因素實(shí)際上是14世紀(jì)后期從熱帶向北流動(dòng)的極暖水上升，將北極的冰推入北大西洋。根據(jù)“triggerwasactuallyariseofextremelywarmwaterflowingnorthfromthetropicsinthelate1300s,whichpushedArcticiceintotheNorthAtlantic”以及句意“最初的”可知應(yīng)填形容詞initial，作定語修飾名詞trigger。故選J。ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Perhapsnoissueattractsmoreseniorleadershipattentionthangrowthdoes,andforgoodreason.___21___ingainsandprofitsisthestandardbywhichwetendtomeasurethecompetitivefitnessandhealthofcompanies.Analysts,investors,andboardsareespeciallyconcernedaboutgrowth___22___togetinsightintostockprices.___23___areattractedtofaster-growingcompaniesbecausetheyofferbetteropportunitiesforadvancementandhigherpay.Supplierspreferfaster-growingcustomersbecauseworkingwiththemimprovestheirowngrowthprospects.Whilesustainedprofitablegrowthisanearlyuniversalgoal,itisa(n)___24___oneformanycompanies.Manyresearchersconductedonthelong-termpatternsofgrowthinU.S.corporationssuggestthatwheninflationis___25___,mostcompaniesbarelygrow.___26___inananalysisof10,897publiclyheldU.S.companiesfrom1976to2019,researchersfoundthatfirmsinthetopquartilegrewataninflation-adjustedaverageof11.8%peryear,butthoseinthelowerthreequartilesexperiencedlittleornogrowth(0.3%,0.03%,and0.5%,respectively).Andthemajorityoffirmsinthetopquartilewereunableto___27___superiorgrowthperformanceformorethanafewyears.Overthepasttwodecades,Ihavetriedtounderstandwhysomecompaniesareeffectiveatsustaininggrowth.Ihavefoundthatwhiletheusualexplanations,suchasmarketforcesandtechnologicalchangesdoplayarole,manycompanies’growthproblemsaredonebythemselves.___28___,firmsapproachgrowthinahighlyreactive,opportunisticmanner.Whenmarketdemandisbooming,theythrowresourcesatdevelopingnewcapacity,andbuildoutorganizationalinfrastructurewithoutthinkingthroughthe___29___—forexample,whethertheiroperatingsystemsandprocessescanscale,howrapidgrowthmightaffectcorporatecultureandwhatwouldhappenifdemandslows.Intheprocessofchasinggrowth,companiescaneasilydestroythethingsthatmadethem_____30_____inthefirstplace,suchastheircapacityforinnovation,theirgreatcustomerservice,ortheiruniquecultures.21.A.Attention B.Leadership C.Growth D.Insight22.A.requirements B.prospects C.struggles D.developments23.A.Bosses B.Investors C.Employees D.Producers24.A.difficult B.achievable C.inevitable D.easy25.A.basedon B.trackeddown C.equippedwith D.takenintoaccount26.A.Forinstance B.Onthecontrary C.Asaresult D.What’smore27.A.improve B.sustain C.recognize D.decline28.A.Respectively B.Ultimately C.Specifically D.Reasonably29.A.benefits B.opportunities C.technologies D.implications30.A.typical B.technical C.happy D.successful〖答案〗21.C22.B23.C24.A25.D26.A27.B28.C29.D30.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)企業(yè)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，并分析了一些公司存在增長(zhǎng)問題的原因?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：收益和利潤(rùn)的增長(zhǎng)是我們衡量公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。A.Attention注意；B.Leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力；C.Growth增長(zhǎng)；D.Insight洞察力。根據(jù)前文“Perhapsnoissueattractsmoreseniorleadershipattentionthangrowthdoes”及后文“ingainsandprofits”可知，收益和利潤(rùn)的增長(zhǎng)是衡量公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：分析師、投資者和董事會(huì)尤其關(guān)注增長(zhǎng)前景，以了解股價(jià)。A.requirements要求；B.prospects前景；C.struggles奮斗；D.developments發(fā)展。根據(jù)前文“Analysts，investors，andboards”及后文“togetinsightintostockprices”可知，分析師、投資者和董事會(huì)需要了解增長(zhǎng)前景如何，才能預(yù)測(cè)股價(jià)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：?jiǎn)T工被快速發(fā)展的公司所吸引，因?yàn)樗麄兲峁└玫臅x升機(jī)會(huì)和更高的薪水。A.Bosses老板；B.Investors投資者；C.Employees員工；D.Producers生產(chǎn)者。根據(jù)后文“becausetheyofferbetteropportunitiesforadvancementandhigherpay”可知，更好的晉升機(jī)會(huì)和更高的薪水可以吸引就業(yè)者。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然持續(xù)的盈利增長(zhǎng)幾乎是一個(gè)普遍的目標(biāo)，但對(duì)許多公司來說，這是一個(gè)困難的目標(biāo)。A.difficult困難的；B.achievable可實(shí)現(xiàn)的；C.inevitable不可避免的；D.easy容易的。根據(jù)前文“Whilesustainedprofitablegrowthisanearlyuniversalgoal”及后文“mostcompaniesbarelygrow.”可知，前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，雖然這是普遍的目標(biāo)，但對(duì)許多公司來說，這也是一個(gè)困難的目標(biāo)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：許多關(guān)于美國(guó)公司長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)模式的研究表明，如果考慮到通貨膨脹，大多數(shù)公司幾乎沒有增長(zhǎng)。A.basedon以……為基礎(chǔ)；B.trackeddown追蹤；C.equippedwith有……的配置；D.takenintoaccount被考慮在內(nèi)。根據(jù)前文“inflation”及后文“mostcompaniesbarelygrow.”可知，將通貨膨脹考慮在內(nèi)的話，大多數(shù)公司幾乎沒有增長(zhǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】考查短語辨析。句意：例如，在對(duì)1976年至2019年10897家美國(guó)上市公司的分析中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，排名前四分之一的公司經(jīng)通脹調(diào)整后的年平均增長(zhǎng)率為11.8%，但排名后四分之三的公司幾乎沒有增長(zhǎng)(分別為0.3%、0.03%和0.5%)。A.Forinstance例如；B.Onthecontrary相反；C.Asaresult作為結(jié)果；D.What’smore更重要的是。根據(jù)前文“mostcompaniesbarelygrow.”及后文“butthoseinthelowerthreequartilesexperiencedlittleornogrowth”可知，此處舉例證明了在通貨膨脹的影響下，大多數(shù)公司幾乎沒有增長(zhǎng)的事實(shí)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：排名前四分之一的大多數(shù)公司都無法在數(shù)年內(nèi)保持優(yōu)異的增長(zhǎng)表現(xiàn)。A.improve提高；B.sustain保持；C.recognize認(rèn)出；D.decline下降。根據(jù)前文“firmsinthetopquartilegrewataninflation-adjustedaverageof11.8%peryear”及后文“superiorgrowthperformanceformorethanafewyears”可知，雖然一開始排名前四分之一的公司經(jīng)通脹調(diào)整后的年平均增長(zhǎng)率較高，但這種優(yōu)異的增長(zhǎng)表現(xiàn)無法一直保持。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：具體來說，公司以一種高度反應(yīng)性、機(jī)會(huì)主義的方式接近增長(zhǎng)。A.Respectively分別地；B.UItimately最終地；C.Specifically具體地，確切地說；D.Reasonably通情達(dá)理地。根據(jù)前文“manycompanies’growthproblemsaredonebythemselves”及后文“firmsapproachgrowthinahighlyreactive,opportunisticmanner.”可知，作者認(rèn)為一些公司的增長(zhǎng)問題主要是自身的原因造成的，后文對(duì)此進(jìn)行了具體的說明。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)市場(chǎng)需求激增時(shí)，他們把資源投入到開發(fā)新能力上，并在不考慮其影響的情況下建立組織基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施——例如，他們的操作系統(tǒng)和流程是否可以擴(kuò)展，快速增長(zhǎng)可能對(duì)企業(yè)文化產(chǎn)生何種影響，以及如果需求放緩會(huì)發(fā)生什么。A.benefits好處；B.opportunities機(jī)會(huì)；C.technologies科技；D.implications可能的影響。根據(jù)后文“whethertheiroperatingsystemsandprocessescanscale,howrapidgrowthmightaffectcorporatecultureandwhatwouldhappenifdemandslows.”可知，這些都是公司在建立組織基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施時(shí)，沒有考慮到的問題，他們盲目而迅速地做出決策，沒有考慮這些決策可能的影響。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在追求增長(zhǎng)的過程中，公司很容易毀掉最初讓他們成功的東西，比如創(chuàng)新能力、出色的客戶服務(wù)或獨(dú)特的文化。A.typical典型的；B.technical技術(shù)的；C.happy開心的；D.successful成功的。根據(jù)后文“suchastheircapacityforinnovation,theirgreatcustomerservice,ortheiruniquecultures.”可知，創(chuàng)新能力、出色的客戶服務(wù)或獨(dú)特的文化都是可以讓一家公司成功的因素。故選D項(xiàng)。SectionBDirections:Rendthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatement.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)AdaptedfromShanghaiwriterJinYucheng’sMaoDunLiteraturePrizewinningnovel,FanHua(Blossoms),theseries—whichprimarilytakesplacebetween1993and1994—followsthejouneyofAhBao,anambitiouseverymanwhotakeseverychanceandrisestobecomealegendaryfigureinthecity’smostupper-classcommercialcircles.Asidefromemphasizinghisabilitytoseizeopportunitiesinthestockandforeigntrademarkets,theplotalsofollowshisdelicate,andromance-likerelationshipswiththreewomen.Theenthusiasmthedramahasstirreduphasledtotouristsfloodingtotheshow’slocations,suchastheFairmontPeaceHotel,whichiswhereherentsaluxuriousroomtodobusiness,andHuangheRoad,whichwaslinedwiththemosthigh-endrestaurantsinthe1990s.Otherexamplesincludefanswaitinginlongqueuesoutsiderestaurantstoorderaplateoffriedporkchopswithricecakes,atraditionalShanghaidishthatBossBaoalwaysorders.Thedrama’spopularityevenextendstoitssoundtrack.StealOne’sHeart,asongusedtosettheheartbreakingatmosphereinaparticularscenegainsnewfoundpopularity.ConsideredbysomecriticsasaloveletterfromthedirectortoShanghai,thecityshotthroughthelensarousesafeelingthatisbothfamiliarandfresh.WhileshowinglandmarksliketheBundandtheOrientalPearlTower,thedramaalsopresentsShanghai’scityscapeinabrighterandwarmermanner,asifthecityhasbeenpolishedbythememoryofsomeonewholovesitdeeply.Buxiang,aphrasethatmeans“keepingsilent”andwhichrepresentstheconceptofkeepingalowprofileintheShanghaidialect,isoneofthemostfrequentlyheardphrasesinthedrama.However,theshow’spopularityhascausedthephrasetobecomeahit,assomefansonmajorreviewsiteslikeDouban,wherethedramahasreceivedaratingof8.5outof10,havecommented.31.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutthebookFanHua?A.ThenoveloncewonMaoDunLiteraturePrize.B.ItsheroAhBaobornfromawealthyfamilybecamealegend.C.ThenovelfocusesonAhBao’sabilitytocatchopportunities.D.AhBao’srelationshipswithotherfemalecharactersarevividlydescribed.32.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A.Whyisthedramasopopularamongtourists?B.Whatdosomecriticsthinkofthedrama?C.Howdopeopleshowtheirloveforthedrama?D.Whatkindsoffoodarementionedinthedrama?33.WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribeShanghaipresentedinthedrama?A.Popularbuthardtounderstand.B.Familiarbutsomewhatdifferent.C.Brightbutdarkatheart.D.Warmbutdistantinsomeway.〖答案〗31.B32.C33.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了改編自金宇澄的茅盾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)小說《繁花》的電視劇，講述了主人公阿寶在1993年至1994年間抓住機(jī)遇，成為商業(yè)圈傳奇人物的故事。同時(shí)，該劇也展示了主人公與三位女性的情感糾葛，引起了觀眾的熱烈反響，帶動(dòng)了拍攝地點(diǎn)的旅游熱潮，并提升了劇中的歌曲和方言詞匯的知名度。?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“theseries—whichprimarilytakesplacebetween1993and1994—followsthejourneyofAhBao,anambitiouseveryman(該劇的故事背景設(shè)定在1993年到1994年之間，講述了一個(gè)雄心勃勃的普通人阿寶的人生之旅)”可知，阿寶原本是一個(gè)普通人。B項(xiàng)“它的主人公阿寶出生在一個(gè)富裕的家庭，成為一個(gè)傳奇”是錯(cuò)誤描述。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theenthusiasmthedramahasstirreduphasledtotouristsfloodingtotheshow’slocations,suchastheFairmontPeaceHotel,whichiswhereherentsaluxuriousroomtodobusiness,andHuangheRoad,whichwaslinedwiththemosthigh-endrestaurantsinthe1990s.Otherexamplesincludefanswaitinginlongqueuesoutsiderestaurantstoorderaplateoffriedporkchopswithricecakes,atraditionalShanghaidishthatBossBaoalwaysorders.Thedrama’spopularityevenextendstoitssoundtrack.StealOne’sHeart,asongusedtosettheheartbreakingatmosphereinaparticularscenegainsnewfoundpopularity.(這部劇掀起的熱潮導(dǎo)致游客蜂擁至劇中的拍攝地點(diǎn)，比如他租下豪華房間做生意的費(fèi)爾蒙和平飯店，以及上世紀(jì)90年代到處都是高檔餐廳的黃河路。其他例子還包括，粉絲們?cè)诓蛷d外排起長(zhǎng)隊(duì)，只為點(diǎn)一盤炸豬排年糕，這是包老板經(jīng)常點(diǎn)的一道傳統(tǒng)上海菜。這部劇的受歡迎程度甚至延伸到了它的配樂上。《偷一個(gè)人的心》，這首歌用來在一個(gè)特定的場(chǎng)景中營(yíng)造令人心碎的氛圍)”可知，第二段主要描寫了電視劇激起了人們對(duì)拍攝地的熱情和興趣，粉絲們紛紛前行參觀這些地方來體驗(yàn)這部劇的背景。所以第二段主要回答了“人們?nèi)绾伪磉_(dá)對(duì)這部劇的喜愛？”這一問題。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ConsideredbysomecriticsasaloveletterfromthedirectortoShanghai,thecityshotthroughthelensarousesafeelingthatisbothfamiliarandfresh.(一些評(píng)論家認(rèn)為這是導(dǎo)演寫給上海的情書，鏡頭下的這座城市喚起了一種既熟悉又新鮮的感覺)”可知，劇中的上海既熟悉又新鮮，有些不同。故選B項(xiàng)。(B)TalkingtherapiesforanxietyanddepressionTalkingtherapies,orpsychologicaltherapies,areeffectivetreatmentsdeliveredbyfullytrainedandqualifiedexperts.Theycanhelpifyou’restrugglingwiththingslikefeelingsofdepression,excessiveworry,socialanxietyorpost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD).·YoucanaccesstalkingtherapiesforfreeontheNationalHealthService(NHS)inUK.·Youcanreferyourselfdirectlytoatalkingtherapiesservicewithoutrecommendation.·Helpisavailableinperson,byvideo,overthephoneorasanonlinecourse.Whatcantalkingtherapieshelpwith?Youdonotneedtohaveadiagnosedmentalhealthproblemfirst.Gettingsupportassoonasyoustarthavingdifficultiescanhelptoreducetheirimpact.Youmaybe:·feelinganxious·feelinglowandhopeless·havingpanicattacks·findingithardtocopewithwork,lifeorrelationships·strugglingwithflashbacksandnightmaresaboutthingsfromyourpast·feelingstressedOtherthingsthattalkingtherapiescanhelpwithinclude:·worryingalot·excessivethoughtsorbehaviours·fearsocialsituations·beingafraidofthings,suchasspiders,flyingorheightsTypesoftalkingtherapiesTherearearangeofevidence-basedtalkingtherapies.Whichtherapyyouareoffereddependsonwhichonehasbeenshowntobemosthelpfulforyoursymptoms.Examplesoftalkingtherapiesinclude:·guidedself-help-whereatherapistcoachesyouasyouworkthroughaself-helpcourseinyourowntime,eitherusingaworkbookoranonlinecourse·cognitivebehaviouraltherapy(CBT)-basedontheideathatthoughts,feelings,whatwedo,andhowourbodiesfeelphysically,areallconnected.CBThelpsyounoticeandchallengethoughtsorbehaviourstohelpyoufeelbetter.·interpersonaltherapy(IPT)ordynamicinterpersonaltherapy(DIT)-therapiesthatlookatthelinkbetweenyourdepressionandyourrelationshipsTalkingtherapiescanalsohelpifyouhavementalhealthproblemsresultingfromotherconditions,suchasdiabetes(糖尿病),cancer,long-termpain.Talkingtherapiesareofferedindifferentways,including:·usingaself-helpworkbookwiththesupportofatherapist·asanonlinecourse·one-to-onesessionseitherinperson,overthephoneorasavideoconsultation·inagroup34.Youarerecommendedtalkingtherapicsifyouare________.A.feelingoptimisticaboutthefutureB.sufferingfromdiabetesorcancerC.lackinginthoughtsorbehavioursD.afraidofgettingalongwithothers35.Duringthetherapy,whichofthefollowingmighthappen?A.Youconductaself-helpcourseallbyyourself.B.Yourthoughtsandhowyourbodyfeeldisconnect.C.Youfeelbetterafternoticingandchallengingthoughts.D.Youhavetoworkinagrouptoreceivetalkingtherapies.36.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toinformpeopleoftalkingtherapies.B.Topersuadepeopletotaketalkingtherapies.C.Tocallfordonationfortalkingtherapies.D.Todescribethehistoryoftalkingtherapies.〖答案〗34.D35.C36.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了治療焦慮和抑郁的談話療法。【34題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theycanhelpifyou’restrugglingwiththingslikefeelingsofdepression,excessiveworry,socialanxietyorpost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD).(如果你正遭受抑郁、過度擔(dān)憂、社交焦慮或創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙(PTSD)等情緒困擾，它們可以為你提供幫助)”可知，害怕與他人相處是社交焦慮的一種表現(xiàn)，由此可知，如果你害怕與人相處，那么建議你接受談話療法，故選D?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Typesoftalkingtherapies部分下的Examplesoftalkingtherapiesinclude:中第二段“CBThelpsyounoticeandchallengethoughtsorbehaviourstohelpyoufeelbetter.(CBT可幫助你注意并挑戰(zhàn)想法或行為，從而幫助你感覺更好)”可知，在治療期間，在注意并挑戰(zhàn)想法后，你會(huì)感覺好一些。故選C?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是標(biāo)題“Talkingtherapiesforanxietyanddepression(治療焦慮和抑郁的談話療法)”可知，文章主要介紹了談話療法的適作用以及類型，由此可推知，這篇文章的目的是讓人們了解談話療法，故選A。(C)①Theworld’sheaviestsnakehasbeenhidingabigsecret.②Accordingtoastudypublishedtodayintheopen-accessjournalMDPIDiversity,theanimalknownasthegreenanaconda,orEunectesmurinus,isactuallytwogeneticallydistinctspecies,despiteeachspecieslookingsosimilarthatevenexpertscan’ttellthemapart.③“Genetically,thedifferencesaremassive,”saysBryanFry,aNationalGeographicExplorer,biologistattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,andcoauthorofthenewstudy.“They’refive-and-a-halfpercentdifferent,genetically.Now,toputthatintocontext,we’reabouttwopercentdifferentfromchimps,”hesays.④Tomaketheshockingdiscovery,FryandhiscoauthorscollectedbloodandtissuesamplesfromgreenanacondasinEcuador,Venezuela,andBrazil.Thestudyauthorsalsoexaminedeachanimalcloselytocountscalesandlookforotherphysicaltraitsthatcouldsignalanevolutionarydifference.Afterrunningthegeneticdata,theyfoundacleardividebetweenanacondassampledinthenorthernpartoftherangeasopposedtothoseinthesouth.Andbasedonthosefindings,theyproposerenamingthesnakesfoundinthenorthasthenortherngreenanaconda(Eunectesakayima),whileE.murinuswillcontinuetorefertosoutherngreenanacondas.⑤Frysayshisjawdroppedwhentheanalysescompleted.“Ididn’texpectthatlevelofdifference,”hesays.“It’sjustmind-blowing.Wewereallofusverymuchdoinghappydances.”⑥Whileitmayseemlikesplittinghairstore-classifytwopopulationsofsnakesthatlookidenticaltooneanother,Fryemphasizeshowimportantsuchdelineationscanbeforunderstandingthethreatsposedtothesecreatures.Rightnow,theInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureclassifiesthegreenanacondaasaspeciesofleastconcernwhenitcomestoextinctionrisk,butthisclassificationisbased,inpart,onhowwidelydistributedaspeciesis.“It’simportant,becausethenewlydescribednortherngreenanacondahasamuchsmallerrangethanthesouthern,andsothatmeansit’smuchmorevulnerable,”saysFry.⑦Workingwithgiantsnakesisn’teasy.Thefactthatanacondasaremassive,powerfulpredatorsisjustonereasontheanimalshaven’tbeenmorecloselystudied.However,moreworkofthiskindmaybeneededtounderstandhowthenorthernandsoutherngreenanacondasstartedseparateevolutionarytracks.Afterall,thetwospeciesappeartocoexistinFrenchGuiana,evenascloseasbeingfoundonoppositeriverbanks,saysFry.Andyet,there’snoevidenceofinterbreedingintheirgenetics.37.Whydidtheauthormention“we’reabouttwopercentdifferentfromchimps”inparagraph3?A.Toshowhowgeneticallydifferentgreenanacondasare.B.Toshowhowdistantwehumansarefromgreenanacondas.C.Toshowhowsimilargreenanacondasareinappearance.D.Toshowhowharditisforexpertstotellgreenanacondasapart.38.Basedonthecontext,whatdoestheunderlinedword“delineations”inparagraph6mean?A.similarity B.conservation C.classification D.extinction39.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ExpertssuggestcontinuingtorefertothenortherngreenanacondasasEunectesmurinus.B.Expertsaresureofhowgreenanacondasstarteddifferentevolutionarytracks.C.Theclassificationofgreenanacondashelpsarouseawarenessofitsprotection.D.Thetwospeciesofgreenanacondasonceinterbredintheirgeneticswhenlivingclose.40.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Eunectesakayima:splittinghairsB.Eunectesmurinus:theworld’sheaviestsnakeC.Northerngreenanaconda:anewlyfoundspeciesD.Greenanacondas:twogeneticallydifferentspecies〖答案〗37.A38.C39.C40.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)綠水蟒實(shí)際上是兩個(gè)基因不同的物種，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了該發(fā)現(xiàn)的意義。【37題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Genetically,thedifferencesaremassive,”saysBryanFry,aNationalGeographicExplorer,biologistattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,andcoauthorofthenewstudy.“They’refive-and-a-halfpercentdifferent,genetically.Now,toputthatintocontext,we’reabouttwopercentdifferentfromchimps,”hesays.”（澳大利亞昆士蘭大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家、國(guó)家地理探險(xiǎn)家、這項(xiàng)新研究的合著者布萊恩·弗萊說:“從基因上講，差異是巨大的?！薄八麄?cè)诨蛏嫌?.5%的差異。通過以下類比可以更好地理解：我們和黑猩猩大約有2%的不同，”他說。）再結(jié)合第二段“Accordingtoastudypublishedtodayintheopen-accessjournalMDPIDiversity,theanimalknownasthegreenanaconda,orEunectesmurinus,isactuallytwogeneticallydistinctspecies,despiteeachspecieslookingsosimilarthatevenexpertscan’ttellthemapart.”（根據(jù)今天發(fā)表在開放獲取期刊MDPI多樣性上的一項(xiàng)研究，這種被稱為綠水蟒或Eunectesmurinus的動(dòng)物實(shí)際上是兩個(gè)基因不