Unit+12+Lesson+1+Scientific+Breakthroughs高中英語北師大版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊

Lesson1ScientificBreakthroughsThefirstcellphone(1973)Thediscoveryofpenicillin(1929)Theinventionofworldwideweb(1990)Thefirstpersonalcomputer(1976)Thefirsttelevision(1952)Thefirstcomputer(1946)…Whatdoyouthinkarethemostimportantinventionsordiscoveriesofthe20thcentury?Activity1

Fast-readingformainideas1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?2.Divideitintothreepartsandfigureoutthemainideaofeachpart.3.Whataretheinventionsarementioned?While-reading1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Scientificdiscoveriesinourdailylives.B.Commitmentmadebygreatinventors.C.Changeshappeninoureverydaylives.D.Pioneersofthe20thcenturyinscience.√_________________ofscientificbreakthroughsinthe20thcentury____________________________________________________________________The___________ofthesebreakthroughsPart1(________)Part2(________)Part3(________)AbriefintroductionSomegreatpioneersofscienceandtheirinventionsordiscoveriessignificancePara.1Paras.2-6Para.72.Readthepassagequickly,divideitintothreepartsandfigureoutthemainideaofeachpart.Whattheirinventionsordiscoveriesare？EckertandMauchlyfirstcomputer(1946)TimBerners-LeeWorldWideWeb(1990)AlexanderFlemingpenicillin(1929)AlbertEinsteinE=mc2theory(1905)1.WhatisNOTmentionedasthediscoveryofhumaninthe20thcentury?A.Spaceexploration.B.Meansoftransport.C.Entertainment.D.Physicsandmedicine.√Part1(Para.1)Activity2

Careful-readingfordetails2．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstsentenceinparagraph1?A.Thereareanumberofimportantdiscoveriesofthe20thcentury.B.Itiseasytochoosethemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury.C.Therearefewgreatdiscoveriesinthe20thcentury.D.Someonewhowillchoosethediscoverywillbeintrouble.√Althoughitisimpossibletochoosethemostimportantdiscovery,itispossibletosingleoutafewpioneersofthe20th

century.Herearesomeofthem.1.WhatfunctiondoesPara.2playinthetext?Transition

Itservesasaconnectionlinkbetweentheprecedingandthefollowing.Part1(Paras.2)Findinformationabouthowthefollowingthingswereinvented/discovered.Organisetheinformationinyourownway.Thendescribetheprocessingroups.P54

4penicillincomputertheInternetE=mc2Who?E=mc2How?Significance?…Usethespidergramtohelpyouorganisetheinformation.ForreferencePart2(Paras.3-6)Who?E=mc2How?Significance?When?AlbertEinstein,apremierscientistInthesummerof1905Hewasinspiredwhilehewasrockinghisone-year-oldbaby.Itshowsnoteventime,massorlengthareconstant—theychangeaccordingtoourexperienceofthem.Who?penicillinHow?Significance?When?AlexanderFleming,abiologistAluckyaccident:Heleftadishofbacteriainhislaboratorybeforeholiday.Whenhecameback,hesawabluemouldinthedisharoundwhichthebacteriahadbeendestroyed.Itwasthenaturalformofpenicillin.Itcanhelptocurepeopleandsavethelivesofmillions.In1929WhatcanyouinferaboutFlemingfromwhathesaid?WecaninferthatFlemingwasamodestmanthoughhehadmadeagreatdiscovery.Who?computerWhatisitspurpose?AboutthemachineHow?Eckert&Mauchlyanengineer;aphysicistToimprovetheaccuracyoftheUSNavy'smissilesItmeasures100feetlongbyover10feethighandweighedover30,000kilograms.Ithad18,000tubes,thousandsofcircuitsand6,000switchesanditusedagreatdealofenergy.In1946,theyproducedahugemachine,whichwastheworld'sfirstcomputer.Who?theInternetWhatisitspurpose?How?TwoAmericanscientistsandTimBerners-LeeTogetmorethingsdoneefficiently◆DuringtheColdWar,twoAmericanscientistsproposeda“hugenetwork”ofcomputers.◆Bytheendofthe1960s,somemini-networkswereestablished,butonlyafewcomputerscouldconnecttothem.◆In1990,TimBerners-LeeinventedtheWorldWideWeb,enablingcomputersallovertheworldtocommunicatewitheachother.1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepioneersandtheirachievements?A．Objective. B．Admirable.C．Indifferent. D．Skeptical.2.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheword“dedicated”inthelastparagraph?A．Devoted. B．Determined.C．Likely. D．Experienced.√√Part3(Para.7)3.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.TointroduceAlbertEinstein.B.Tointroducetheprocessofscientificbreakthroughs.C.Tointroducethemajorscientificdiscoveriesinthe20thcentury.D.Tointroducethecontributionsscientistsmadetotheworld.

√4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Education. B．History.C．Science. D．Entertainment.

√a

therewasaluckyaccidentb

scientistsworkedtogether

as

ateamc

differentscientistsworked

onitformanyyearsd

ascientistwasinspiredIE=mc22penicillin3thefirstcomputer4theInternetReadthetext.Matchthediscoveriesorinventions(1-4)withhowtheycameabout(a-d).P53

3Task4Readthetextagain.WriteT(true),

F

(false)orNI(noinformation)inbrackets.1.Itisnoteasytochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveriesofthe20thcentury.2.Anatomisthesmallestparticleofmatter.3.Einsteinwasatworkwhenhethoughtoftheequation"E=mc2".4Einsteinparticipatedintheprogrammethatdevelopedthenuclearbomb.5.Einsteinobservedchangesintime,sizeandmass.6.Fleminghadbeenstudyingbacteriainhislaboratorywhenthediscoveryhappened.7.Flemingdevelopedtheprocessofmakingpenicillin.8.Thefirstcomputerprojectfailedtomeetitsoriginalgoal.9.Thefirstcomputerwasextremelydifficulttoprogramme.10.Computerscouldnotconnecttoeachotherbefore1990.P54

5()()()()()()()()()()Checkyouranswers.1.Itisnoteasytochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveriesofthe20thcentury.2.Anatomisthesmallestparticleofmatter.TF3.Einsteinwasatworkwhenhethoughtoftheequation"E=mc2".4Einsteinparticipatedintheprogrammethatdevelopedthenuclearbomb.5.Einsteinobservedchangesintime,sizeandmass.FNIT6.Fleminghadbeenstudyingbacteriainhislaboratorywhenthediscoveryhappened.7.Flemingdevelopedtheprocessofmakingpenicillin.FNI8.Thefirstcomputerprojectfailedtomeetitsoriginalgoal.9.Thefirstcomputerwasextremelydifficulttoprogramme.TNI10.Computerscouldnotconnecttoeachotherbefore1990.FTask5Eachmemberwritesashortsummary

aboutoneofthediscoveriesorinventionsfromthefollowingaspects.Thensharewithothermembers.Thewholegroupworkstogethertoeditthesummariesbeforeputtingthemtogethertomakeaposter.InventionsinventorpurposeprocessP54

7Howdidthewriterconnecttheparagraphs?Circlethesignalwordsorphrases.AlthoughHerearesomeofthem.Oneofthe20thcentury'spremierscientistswas…anotherimportantfindingwas……whenFleming'sdiscoverywas…Withthedevelopmentofcomputers,…Thesepioneersofthe20thcentury…Task6Completethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsbelow.orbitmissileenablelaunch

accuracyscientificmicroscopeinventorbiologist

Ireallydon'tknowwhatIwanttodowhenIleaveschool.Mydadisacomputerengineerworkingontheimprovementofthe1.________oftheNavy's2________.Iwouldliketofollowinhisfootsteps,butthenI'dhavetositinfrontofacomputerallday.Mymumisa3_________,butitseemstomethatallshedoesislookingatbacteriathrougha4_____________.accuracymissilesbiologistmicroscopeorbitmissile

enablelaunchaccuracyscientificmicroscopeinventorbiologist

Allthatstuffabout5_________findingsthatsavepeople'slivesisprettyinteresting,butIthinkImightbemoreinterestedinstudyingmedicine.Butthenagain,myuncleisascientistandheisalwaystalkingabout6_________satellitesinto7______.Ifindthisveryexciting.IknowwhatIwanttobe!Icouldbean8_________!Icouldcomeupwithhundredsofinventionsthatwill9_________peopletolivebetterlives.But...Idon'tthinkthere'sauniversitycourseforinventors.MaybeIshouldjustfindoutwhatIreallylikefirst.scientificlaunchingorbitinventorenable1.Whichdiscoveryorinventionmentionedinthetexthasbeenthemostimportantsofar?Why?2.Whichdiscoveryorinventionwillmostinfluencethefuture?Why?P54

6Possibleanswer:IthinktheinventionofWorldWideWebhasbeenthemostimportantsofar,becauseitisofgreatpracticalsignificanceformostpeople.Lifewithoutitisunimaginable.Possibleanswer:IthinkE=mc2willmostinfluencethefuture.Becausewiththedecreasesinnaturalresources,energyproblemhasbecomemoreseriousthanever.E=mc2

providestheoreticalbasisforfutureresearch.1.nottomention2.theoryofrelativity3.nothinglike4.turnon5.goout6.withthedevelopmentof7.communicatewith8.bytheendof9.transform...into不用說；更不必說相對論完全不像，根本不打開(開關(guān)、燈等)；攻擊熄滅；出去隨著……的發(fā)展與……交流到……末為止把……變成注:另附word文檔，點(diǎn)此鏈接以下為課本第本第52-53頁文章的縮寫，請認(rèn)真閱讀，并在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Herearesomepioneersindifferentfieldsofthe20thcentury.

Oneofthe20thcentury'spremierscientistswasAlbertEinstein.In1905,he1.__________(rock)hisbabywhenhewassuddenlyinspired.2._________________(subsequent),“E=mc2”cameintobeing.Itshowedhowasmallpieceofmasscouldproduce3._______unbelievableamountofenergy.

In1929,anotherimportantfindingwasmadebybiologistAlexanderFleming.Hefoundthe4.___________(nature)formofpenicillinbychance,5.__________Flemingperceivedcouldbeusedtokillbacteria.Severalyearslater,penicillinwasbeingmass-producedandhelpingtosavethelivesofmillions.wasrockingSubsequentlyannaturalwhich

DuringWorldWarII,tolookforw