2019年12月四級真題第3套

機密*啟用前大學(xué)英語四級考試COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandFour—(2019年12月第3套)試題冊敬告考生一、在答題前，請認(rèn)真完成以下內(nèi)容:1.請檢查試題冊背面條形碼粘貼條、答題卡的印刷質(zhì)量，如有問題及時向監(jiān)考員反映，確認(rèn)無誤后完成以下兩點要求。2.請將試題冊背面條形碼粘貼條揭下后粘貼在答題卡1的條形碼粘貼框內(nèi)，并將姓名和準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試題冊背面相應(yīng)位置。3.請在答題卡1和答題卡2指定位置用黑色簽字筆填寫準(zhǔn)考證號、姓名和學(xué)校名稱，并用HB-2B鉛筆將對應(yīng)準(zhǔn)考證號的信息點涂黑。二、在考試過程中，請注意以下內(nèi)容:1.所有題目必須在答題卡上規(guī)定位置作答，在試題冊上或答題卡上非規(guī)定位置的作答一律無效。2.請在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)在答題卡指定位置依次完成作文、聽力、閱讀、翻譯各部分考試，作答作文期間不得翻閱該試題冊。聽力錄音播放完畢后，請立即停止作答，監(jiān)考員將立即收回答題卡1，得到監(jiān)考員指令后方可繼續(xù)作答。3.作文題內(nèi)容印在試題冊背面，作文題及其他主觀題必須用黑色簽字筆在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。4.選擇題均為單選題，錯選、不選或多選將不得分，作答時必須使用HB-2B鉛筆在答題卡上相應(yīng)位置填涂，修改時須用橡皮擦凈。三、以下情況按違規(guī)處理:1.未正確填寫(涂)個人信息，錯貼、不貼、毀損條形碼粘貼條。2.未按規(guī)定翻閱試題冊、提前閱讀試題、提前或在收答題卡期間作答。3.未用所規(guī)定的筆作答、折疊成毀損答題卡導(dǎo)致無法評卷。4.考試期間在非聽力考試時間佩戴耳機。全國大學(xué)英語四、六級考試委員會PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)特別說明：由于2019年12月四級考試全國共考了2套聽力，本套聽力試題同第1套或第2套試題一致，因此在本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Millionsofpeopletravelbyplaneeverysingleday.Ifyou’replanningonbeingoneofthemsoon,youmightnotbelookingforwardtothe___26___feelingairtraveloftenleavesyouwith.Besidestheairportcrowdsandstress,travellingatahighaltitudehasrealeffectsonthebody.Althoughthepressureofthecabinis___27___topreventaltitudesickness,youcouldstill___28___sleepinessoraheadache.Theloweroxygenpressurefoundinanaircraftcabinis___29___tothatat6,000-8,000feetofaltitude.Adropinoxygenpressurecancauseheadachesincertain___30___.Tohelppreventheadaches,drinkplentyofwater,andavoidalcoholandcoffee.Airplanefoodmightnotreallybeastastelessasyou___31___thought.Theairyoubreatheinaplanedriesoutyourmouthandnose,whichcanaffectyoursenseoftaste.Perceptionofsweetandsaltyfoodsdroppedbyalmost30percentinasimulationofairtravel.However,youcanmakeyourtastebudsactiveagainbydrinkingwater.Adrymouthmay___32___tastesensitivity,buttasteisrestoredbydrinkingfluids.Althoughin-flightinfections___33___indryenvironmentslikeairplanes,yourriskofgettingsickfromanairplaneisactuallylowbecauseoftheair___34___used.Unlessyou’resittingnexttosomeonewhoiscoughingorsneezing,youshouldn’tworrytoomuchaboutgettingsick.However,bacteriahavebeenshowntoliveoncabinsurfaces,sowashyourhands___35___.A)adjustedI)particularB)channelsJ)primarilyC)equivalentK)reduceD)experienceL)renovatedE)filtersM)smoothF)frequentlyN)thriveG)individualsO)unpleasantH)originallySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ASouthKoreancitydesignedforthefuturetakesonalifeofitsown[A]Gettingaroundacityisonething—andthenthere’sthematterofgettingfromonecitytoanother.Onevisionoftheperfectcityofthefutureisaplacethatofferseasyaccesstoairtravel.In2011,aUniversityofNorthCarolinabusinessprofessornamedJohnKasardapublishedabookcalledAerotropolis:TheWayWe’llLiveNext.Kasardasaysfuturecitiesshouldbebuiltintentionallyaroundornearairports.Theidea,ashehasputit,istoofferbusinesses“rapid,long-distanceconnectivityonamassivescale.”“The18thcenturyreallywasawaterborne（水運的）century,the19thcenturyarailcentury,the20thcenturyahighway,car,truckcentury—andthe21stcenturywillincreasinglybeanaviationcentury,astheglobebecomesincreasinglyconnectedbyair,”Kasardasays.Songdo,acitybuiltfromscratchinSouthKorea,isoneofKasarda’sprimeexamples.Ithasexistedforjustafewyears.“Fromtheoutset,itwasdesignedonthebasisofconnectivityandcompetitiveness,”saysKasarda.“ThegovernmentbuiltthebridgedirectlyfromtheairporttotheSongdoInternationalBusinessDistrict.Andthesurfaceinfrastructurewasbuiltatthesametimeasthenewairport.Songdoisastone’sthrowfromSouthKorea’sIncheonAirport,itsmaininternationalhub(樞紐）.Butittakesalotmorethananearbyairporttobeacityofthefuture.Justbuildingaplaceasan“internationalbusinessdistrict”doesn’tmeanitwillbecomeone.ParkYeonSooconceived(構(gòu)想）thiscityofthefuturebackin1986.HeconsidersSongdohisbaby.Parkseeshimselfasavisionary.Thirtyyearsafterheimaginedthecity,Park’sbabyiscloseto70percentbuilt,with36,000peoplelivinginthebusinessdistrictand90,000residentsingreaterSongdo.It’saboutanhouroutsideSeoul,builtonformertidalflatsalongtheYellowSea.There’saCoastGuardbuildingandatalltradetower,aswellasapark,golfcourseanduniversity.Chancesareyou’veactuallyseenthisplace.SongdoappearsinthemostfamousmusicvideoevertocomeoutofSouthKorea.“GangnamStyle”referstothefashionableGangnamdistrictinSeoul.ButsomeofthevideowasfilmedinSongdo.“Idon’tknowifyouremember,therewasasceneinasubwaystation.ThatwasnotGangnam.ThatwasactuallySongdo,”saysJungWonSon,aprofessorofurbandevelopmentatLondon’sBartlettSchoolofPlanning.“Partofthereasontoshootthereisthatit’snewandnice.”Thecitywassupposedtobeahubforglobalcompanies,withemployeesfromallovertheworld.Butthat’snothowithasturnedout.Songdo’sreputationisasafuturisticghosttown.Buttherealityismorecomplicated.Abridgewithbig,light-blueloopsleadsintothebusinessdistrict.Inthecenterofthemainroad,there’salonglineofflagsoftheworld.Onthecomer,there’saStarbucksanda7-Eleven—alloftheinternationalbrandsthatyouseeallovertheworldnowadays.Thecityisnotempty.Therearemotherspushingbabycarriages,oldwomenwithwalkers—eveninthemiddleoftheday,whenit’s90degreesout.ByunYoung-JinchairstheSongdorealestateassociationandstartedsellingpropertyherewhenthefirstphaseofthecityopenedin2005.Hesaysdemandhasboomedinthepastcoupleofyears.MostofhisclientsareKorean.Infact,thedevelopersays,99percentofthehomesherearesoldtoKoreans.Youngfamiliesmoveherebecausetheschoolsaregreat.Andthat’stheproblem:SongdohasbecomeapopularKoreancitymorepopularasaresidentialareathanabusinessone.It’snotyetthefuturisticinternationalbusinesshubthatplannersimagined.“It’sagreatplacetolive.Andit’sbecomingagreatplacetowork,”saysScottSummers,vicepresidentofGaleInternational,thedeveloperofthecity.Thefloor-to-ceilingwindowsofhiscompany’sofficesoverlookSongdoCentralPark,withacanalfullofsmallboatsandpeoplefishing.Shimmering(閃爍的）glasstowerslinethecanal’sedge.“What’shappenedisthatourfocusoncreatingthatqualityoflifefirsthasenabledtheresidentstolivehere,”Summerssays.Butthereneedstobestrongeconomicincentivesforcompaniestolocatehere.Thecityisstillunfinished,anditfeelsabitlikeathemepark.Itdoesn’tfeelallthatfuturistic.There’sahigh-techundergroundtrashdisposalsystem.Buildingsareenvironmentallyfriendly.Everybody’stelevisionsetisconnectedtoasystemthatstreamspersonalizedlanguageorexerciseclasses.[H]ButthisisnotStarTrek.Andtosomeoftheresidents,Songdofeelshollow.“I’m,like,inprisonforweekdays.That’swhatwecallitintheworkplace,”saysawomaninher20s.Shedoesn’twanttousehernameforfearofbeingfiredfromherjob.ShegoesbacktoSeouleveryweekend.“IsayI’mprison-breakingonFridaynights.”Butshehastomaketheprisonbreakinherowncar.There’snohigh-speedtrainconnectingSongdotoSeoul,justover20milesaway.[I]ParkYeonSoo,themanwhofirstimaginedSongdo,feelsfrustrated,too.HesayshebuiltSouthKoreaaluxuryvehicle,“l(fā)ikeMercedesorBMW.It’sagoodcarnow.Butwe’rewaitingforagooddrivertoaccelerate.”Buttherearelotsofothergoodcarsoutthere,too.Theworldisdottedwithfuturistic,high-techcitiestryingtoattractthebiggestinternationalcompanies.Songdo’sbackerscontendthatit’sstillearly,andbusinessspaceisfillingup—about70percentoffinishedofficesarenowoccupied.BrentRyan,whoteachesurbandesignatMIT,saysSongdoprovesauniversalprinciple.“Therehavebeenalotofutopian(烏托邦的）citiesinhistory.Andthereasonwedon’tknowaboutalotofthemisthattheyhavevanishedentirely.”Inotherwords,whenitcomestocities—oranythingelse—itishardtopredictthefuture.Songdo’spopularityliesmoreinitsqualityoflifethanitsbusinessattraction.ThemanwhoconceivedSongdofeelsdisappointedbecauseithasfallenshortofhisexpectations.AsceneinapopularSouthKoreanmusicvideowasshotinSongdo.Songdostilllacksthefinancialstimulusforbusinessestosetupshopthere.Airplaneswillincreasinglybecomethechiefmeansoftransportation,accordingtoaprofessor.Songdohasendedupdifferentfromthecityitwassupposedtobe.SomeofthepeoplewhoworkinSongdocomplainaboutboredomintheworkplace.Abusinessprofessorsaysthatafuturecityshouldhaveeasyaccesstointernationaltransportation.Accordingtoanurbandesignprofessor,itisdifficultforcitydesignerstoforeseewhatwillhappeninthefuture.ParkYeonSoo,whoenvisionedSongdo,feelsaparentalconnectionwiththecity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThefifthlargestcityintheUSpassedasignificantsodataxproposalthatwilllevy(征稅)1.5centsperliquidounceondistributors.Philadelphia’snewmeasurewasapprovedbya13to4citycouncilvote.Itsetsanewbarforsimilarinitiativesacrossthecountry.Itisproofthattaxesonsugarydrinkscanwinsubstantialsupportoutsidesuper-liberalareas.Untilnow,theonlycitytosuccessfullypassandimplementasodataxwasBerkeley,California,in2014.Thetaxwillapplytoregularanddietsodas,aswellasotherdrinkswithaddedsugar,suchasGatoradeandicedteas.It’sexpectedtoraise$410millionoverthenextfiveyears,mostofwhichwillgotowardfundingauniversalprekindergartenprogramforthecity.Whilethecitycouncilvotewasmetwithapplauseinsidethecouncilroom,opponentstothemeasure,includingsodalobbyists,madesharpcriticismsandapromisetochallengethetaxincourt.“Thetaxpassedtodayunfairlysinglesoutbeverages—includinglow-andno-caloriechoices,”saidLaurenKane,spokeswomanfortheAmericanBeverageAssociation.“Butmostimportantly,itisagainstthelaw.SowewillsidewiththemajorityofthepeopleofPhiladelphiawhoopposethistaxandtakelegalactiontostopit.”Anindustry-backedanti-taxcampaignhasspentatleast$4milliononadvertisements.Theadscriticizedthemeasure,characterizingitasa“grocerytax.”PublichealthgroupsapplaudedtheapprovedtaxasasteptowardfixingcertainlastinghealthissuesthatplagueAmericans.“Themovetorecaptureasmallpartoftheprofitsfromanindustrythatpushesaproductthatcontributestodiabetes,obesityandheartdiseaseinpoorercommunitiesinordertoreinvestinthosecommunitieswillsurebeinspirationaltomanyotherplaces,”saidJimKrieger,executivedirectorofHealthyFoodAmerica.“Indeed,wearealreadyhearingfromsomeofthem.It’snot‘justBerkeley’anymore.”SimilarmeasuresinCalifornia’sAlbany,Oakland,SanFranciscoandColorado’sBoulderarebecominghotbuttonissues.Healthadvocacygroupshavehintedthatevenmoremightbecoming.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthenewly-approvedsodataxinPhiladelphia?A)Itwillchangethelifestyleofmanyconsumers.B)ItmayencourageotherUScitiestofollowsuit.C)Itwillcutsodaconsumptionamonglow-incomecommunities.D)Itmayinfluencethemarketingstrategiesofthesodabusiness.47.Whatwilltheopponentsprobablydotorespondtothesodataxproposal?A)Bargainwiththecitycouncil.B)Refusetopayadditionaltax.C)Takelegalactionagainstit.D)Trytowinpublicsupport.48.Whatdidtheindustry-backedanti-taxcampaigndoaboutthesodataxproposal?A)Ittriedtoarousehostilefeelingsamongconsumers.B)Ittriedtowingrocers’supportagainstthemeasure.C)Itkeptsendinglettersofprotesttothemedia.D)Itcriticizedthemeasurethroughadvertising.49.Whatdidpublichealthgroupsthinkthesodataxwoulddo?A)Alertpeopletotheriskofsugarinduceddiseases.B)Helppeopletofixcertainlong-timehealthissues.C)Addtothefundfortheirresearchondiseases.D)Benefitlow-incomepeopleacrossthecountry.50.Whatdowelearnaboutsimilarmeasuresconcerningthesodataxinsomeothercities?A)Theyarebecomingrathersensitiveissues.B)Theyarespreadingpanicinthesodaindustry.C)Theyarereducingtheincidenceofsugar-induceddiseases.D)Theyaretakingawayalotofprofitfromthesodaindustry.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Poppingfoodintothemicrowaveforacoupleofminutesmayseemutterlyharmless,butEurope’sstockofthesequick-cookingovensemitasmuchcarbonasnearly7millioncars,anewstudyhasfound.Andtheproblemisgrowing.Withcostsfallingandkitchenappliancesbecoming“status”items,ownersarethrowingawaymicrowavesafteranaverageofeightyears.Thisispushingsalesofnewmicrowaveswhichareexpectedtoreach135millionannuallyintheEUbytheendofthedecade.AstudybytheUniversityofManchestercalculatedtheemissionsofCO2—themaingreenhousegasresponsibleforclimatechange—ateverystageofmicrowaves,frommanufacturetowastedisposal.“Itiselectricityconsumptionbymicrowavesthathasthebiggestimpactontheenvironment,”saytheauthors.Theauthorsalsocalculatethattheemissionsfromusing19microwavesoverayeararethesameasthosefromusingacar.Accordingtothesamestudy,effortstoreduceconsumptionshouldfocusonimprovingconsumerawarenessandbehaviour.Forexample,consumerscoulduseappliancesinamoreefficientwaybyadjustingthetimeofcookingtothetypeoffood.However,DavidReay,professorofcarbonmanagement,arguesthat,althoughmicrowavesuseagreatdealofenergy,theiremissionsareminorcomparedtothosefromcars.IntheUKalone,therearearound30millioncars.ThesecarsemitmorethanallthemicrowavesintheEU.Backingthisup,recentdatashowthatpassengercarsintheUKemitted69milliontonsofCO2in2015.Thisis10timestheamountthisnewmicrowaveovenstudyestimatesforannualemissionsforallthemicrowaveovensintheEU.Further,theenergyusedbymicrowavesislowerthananyotherformofcooking.Amongcommonkitchenappliancesusedforcooking,microwavesarethemostenergyefficient,followedbyastoveandfinallyastanda