高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)二輪用書(shū)英語(yǔ)(新高考)七選五　考點(diǎn)分類練4　邏輯關(guān)系類

考點(diǎn)分類練(四)邏輯關(guān)系類(限時(shí):25分鐘)Passage1(2023山東泰安二模)HowtosetupaLibraryofThingsInsteadofcluttering(亂堆放)ourhomes,garagesandtheplanet,settingupaLibraryofThingsallowsneighbourstoborrowandsharehuge,priceygoods.1Butinsteadofborrowingbooks,localpeopleareborrowingdrills,pastamakersandguitarsforanaffordablefee.Here’showtostartyourown:

Talktoyourneighbours2Dotheyfeeltheirhomeistoocluttered?Dotheywanttodotheirbitfortheenvironmentandspendlessmoney?Linkintolocalnetworksandaskpeopletovoteona“wishlist”ofitemstheycouldborrow.

FindaspaceStartsmallinsomeone’sgarageorlocalmarkettoseewhatitemsaremostpopular.Thenfindspaceinbuildingsinurbanareaswithhighfootfallsuchaslibrariesorcommunityhubs.3

WhystartaLibraryofThings?Wewerelivinginasmallhouseandneededsometoolstoputupshelves.Wedidn’twanttoownthetoolsandhiringthemwasexpensive!4InspiredbytoollibrariesintheUSandlendinglibrariesinBerlin,westartedasmallLibraryofThingslocallyandsevenyearslaterwe’rerunningfiveLibraryofThingslocationsacrossLondon.

Whatotherimpactonthelocalarea?We’verunverysuccessfuleventsledbyborrowerssuchasmendingmeetups,sewingclasses,DIYclasses.5Borrowershavepreviouslytestedoutnewfoodbusinessesatthemarketbyusingouritems.Andforevery￡10someonespendsonborrowing,￡8stayslocally,creatinglocaljobsandsupportingthelocalcommunityspaces.

A.Findoutiflocalpeopleneedasharinglibrary.B.TheLibraryofThingshasamultipliereffectlocally.C.You’llneedsomemoneytosetupyoursharinglibrary.D.Butinruralareas,amobilesharinglibrarycouldwork.E.Wewerealsogettingannoyedaboutwastewewerecreating.F.Speaktootherswhohavedoneitandarewillingtosharetheirknowledge.G.Affordable,convenientandenvironmental-friendly,sharinglibrariesarepoppingup.Passage2(2023廣東潮州二模)MyheartwentouttothedramateacherIreadaboutinarecentnewsitem.EachparentfromherclassinsistedthatshecasttheirownchildasSnowWhite.Thisremindedmeofmyseventhgrademusical—“TheAdventuresofTomSawyer”.IdesperatelywantedtoplaytheroleofBecky,thefemaleleadwhowasTom’sgirlfriend.1

Forstarters,Beckyhadtosingnumeroussolos,andIcouldn’tcarryatuneinabucket.Ialsodidn’thavelongblondecurlslikeprettyLindaWrightwhowonthepart.Iwasassignedthenon-singingroleofMissWatson,themaid.Ihadtowearanuglydress.AndIhadonlyonelinetolearn,“That’swhatIsay.”2MissWatsonwasonstageinquiteafewscenes,andgottorepeat“That’swhatIsay”throughouttheplay.

Atlast,ourproductionwasputonstage.ImaginemysurprisewhenMissWatsonmadetheaudiencelaughoutloudeachtimeIpipedinwith“That’swhatIsay”.Ihadn’tknownthatshe—orI—couldbefunny,orthathercharacterwasimportantinmovingtheplotalong.3

Thatnight,Ibegantounderstandthatbeingthestarmaynotbeanymorefunthanbeingastand-outinasupportingrole.Eachperson,onstageandbackstage,isessentialintheater.Withouteveryonedoingtheirpart,theplaywouldbedullasdirt.4Ifeveryone’sastarthennothinggetsdone.It’sallnoiseandchaos.

AndsoIbelieveallchildrenshouldgettheopportunitytoplayMissWatson,tobecomesomeonetheydidn’tknowtheywantedtobe.5

A.Soitisinlife.B.Itwasnottobe.C.Itwasanythingbutagreatpart.D.MyMissWatsonturnedouttobeahit.E.Ittooktheentirecasttomakeagoodshow.F.Therewasanadvantage,inmyopinion,though.G.Iwouldhopeallchildrencouldbeahitinlife.Passage3(2023山東青島二模)Thebenefitsofwalkingaremany,butdecidinghowmanymilestocoverandhowmuchtimetospendwalkingeachdayisanothermatter.StudieshaveshownthattheaverageAmericantakesbetween3,000and4,000stepsdailydoingeverydaythings—about1.5to2miles.1ButtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)advisesmostadultstoaimfor10,000stepsadayorabout5miles.Andtherecommendationcontributestomorepositivehealthoutcomes.

2Youcanmeasureyoureffortsinquantitiesoftimeinstead.“Asawalker,youshouldaimforatleast30minutesperday,oratotalof150minutesperweek,”saysAustin,alicensedpsychotherapist.What’smore,if30minutesofwalkingisunrealisticforyoutodoallatonce,thenbreakingitupintothreeshort,10-minutesessions.3

Itmayalsobehelpfultohealthtomakewalkingapartofone’sdailyroutine.Peoplecantakethestairsinsteadoftheelevator,parkattheotherendofthelotandwalkafurtherdistancetoastore’sentrancewhenshopping.4Thenwalktherestofthewayhome.Alltheseadditionalstepscanbeacquiredcreatively,beyondfixedwalkingtime.

Ontopofsuchphysicalbenefits,walkinghasbeenshowntoimprovesleepandmentalhealthincludingmoodandself-esteem.5Therefore,itisfreeandwellacceptedbythemajorityofpeople.Ifoneisreadytoimproveoveralllevelsoffitness,walkingticksalltherightboxes.

A.Combinewalkingwitheverydayroutine.B.Theywillprovidethesamehealthbenefits.C.Whatifcountingresultsbymilesisn’tyourthing?D.Still,whynotgetoffpublictransportationastopearly?E.Walkingsessionsshouldbecontinuoustobebeneficial.F.Thatamountalonehasbeenshowntolowerone’sdeathrisk.G.Walkingrequiresnospecialequipment,gymmembershiportraining.Passage4(2023湖南懷化二模)Ifyouwanttomemorizesomethingquicklyandthoroughly,repetitionwon’tcutit.1Belowaresomeuniversalstepstomasteringtheartofrecallingsothatyoucanstartmemorizingatonofdatainashortamountoftime.

Makepreparations.Paycloseattentiontowhichenvironmentyouchoose.Formostpeople,thismeanschoosinganareawithfewdistractions.Figureoutwhatismostbeneficialtoyourlearningsothatyoucangetstarted.Next,startdrinkingsometea.2

Recordwhatyou’rememorizing.Thisisespeciallyusefulifyou’retryingtomemorizeinformationfromalecture.Useataperecordertotrackalloftheacquiredfactsbeingspokenandlistentoit.Ifyou’retryingtomemorizeaspeech,recordyourselfreadingthespeechaloudandlistentoyourselfspeaking.3

Beforeyoustarttryingtorecalleverythingfrommemory,writeandre-writetheinformation.Nowthatyouhaveeverythingwrittendowninonesetofnotes,separatethemintosections.Youcanusecolorcodingtodifferentiatebetweensubjects.Thiswillhelpyoubecomemorefamiliarwithwhatyou’retryingtomemorize.Applyrepetitiontoaccumulatedmemorization.4Asyoumemorizeeachsetofthetext,accumulateitbyaddingthenewinformationtowhatyou’vejustlearned.Thiswillkeepeverythingwithinyourshort-termmemoryfromfading.Keepdoingthisuntilyouhavememorizedthatsectionandyouareabletorecalltheentirething.Donotmoveontoanothersectionuntilyouhavememorizedthatonecompletely.

Teachittosomeone(oryourself).ThemosteffectivemethodformewhenIwasinschoolwastoteachtheinformationtosomeoneelse.5Ifwhatyou’velearnedneedstoberecitedliterally,thendothisinfrontofsomeoneaswellinordertogetafeelforwhatitwillbeliketorecitethetexttotheintendedaudience.

Takeabreak.Finally,letyourmindbreathe.Goforashorttimewithoutthinkingaboutwhatyoujustlearnedandcomebacktoitlateron.You’llfindoutwhatyoureallyknow,ofcourse,andthiswillhelpyoufocusonthesectionsyoumightbeweakestat.A.Recallentiresections.B.However,recallingsomethingwill.C.Writeeverythingdownandsectionyournotes.D.Youcanlecturetheknowledgetosomeonesittingrightinfrontofyou.E.Foreachlineofthetext,repeatitafewtimesandtrytorecallitwithoutlooking.F.Whiledoingunrelatedtasks,goovertheinformationbylisteningtoyourtaperecordings.G.Manyscientificstudieshaveconfirmedgreenteaasanaturalfuelforimprovingmemory.答案：考點(diǎn)分類練(四)邏輯關(guān)系類Passage1[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了開(kāi)設(shè)一家共享物品館的步驟和它對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生的積極作用。1.G上文“Insteadofclutteringourhomes,garagesandtheplanet,settingupaLibraryofThingsallowsneighbourstoborrowandsharehuge,priceygoods.”提到要建立物品館,可知,空處承接上文,指出物品館出現(xiàn)了,與G項(xiàng)“價(jià)格合理、方便且環(huán)保的共享物品館正在涌現(xiàn)”符合,同時(shí)和下文“Butinsteadofborrowingbooks,localpeopleareborrowingdrills,pastamakersandguitarsforanaffordablefee.”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,說(shuō)明雖然共享物品館涌現(xiàn),但是人們沒(méi)有去借書(shū)而是租借了其他物品。2.A根據(jù)下文“Linkintolocalnetworksandaskpeopletovoteona‘wishlist’ofitemstheycouldborrow.”可知,通過(guò)鏈接可以讓人們對(duì)于可以借的物品進(jìn)行投票是對(duì)A項(xiàng)“了解當(dāng)?shù)厝耸欠裥枰蚕砦锲佛^”內(nèi)容的承接,指出了解當(dāng)?shù)厝耸欠駥?duì)共享物品館有需求這一問(wèn)題的具體做法就是通過(guò)在網(wǎng)上讓人們投票。3.D根據(jù)上文“Thenfindspaceinbuildingsinurbanareaswithhighfootfallsuchaslibrariesorcommunityhubs.”可知,上文介紹了在城市的哪些地方可以找到空間建立共享物品館,與D項(xiàng)“但在農(nóng)村地區(qū),移動(dòng)共享物品館可以發(fā)揮作用”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,表明在鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)共享物品館的形式和城市中的情況有所不同。4.E根據(jù)上文“Wewerelivinginasmallhouseandneededsometoolstoputupshelves.Wedidn’twanttoownthetoolsandhiringthemwasexpensive!”可知,我們不想為搭架子的工具花錢(qián),和E項(xiàng)“我們也對(duì)自己制造的浪費(fèi)感到惱火”都是對(duì)小標(biāo)題“為什么建立物品館”的原因舉例說(shuō)明。5.B上文“We’verunverysuccessfulevents”及下文“Borrowershavepreviouslytestedoutnewfoodbusinesses...creatinglocaljobsandsupportingthelocalcommunityspaces.”是對(duì)B項(xiàng)“物品館在當(dāng)?shù)鼐哂谐藬?shù)效應(yīng)”中的multipliereffect這一概念進(jìn)行了解釋說(shuō)明,乘數(shù)效應(yīng)是指在公共工程項(xiàng)目之后帶來(lái)的消費(fèi)水平和私人投資水平的上升,因?yàn)槲锲佛^舉辦的活動(dòng)使人們的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)增加并支持了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐓^(qū)空間。Passage2[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過(guò)小時(shí)候一次戲劇表演中成功扮演了一個(gè)小角色的經(jīng)歷告訴我們生活中每個(gè)孩子都有機(jī)會(huì)取得成功。1.B根據(jù)空前的“IdesperatelywantedtoplaytheroleofBecky,thefemaleleadwhowasTom’sgirlfriend.”可知,作者非常想扮演貝基這個(gè)角色,但是根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,因?yàn)樽髡咦陨淼臈l件,她演貝基這個(gè)角色是不可能的。由設(shè)空處上下文內(nèi)容可知,此處應(yīng)是一個(gè)承上啟下的句子,所以B項(xiàng)“Itwasnottobe.”符合題意。2.F根據(jù)空后的“MissWatsonwasonstageinquiteafewscenes,andgottorepeat‘That’swhatIsay’throughouttheplay.”可知,作者雖然扮演的是個(gè)小角色,但是,作者認(rèn)為對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)是好事,因?yàn)樗恍枰f(shuō)一句臺(tái)詞“那就是我說(shuō)的”。所以F項(xiàng)“Therewasanadvantage,inmyopinion,though.”符合題意,空后的句子是對(duì)設(shè)空處句子的解釋。3.D根據(jù)空前的“ImaginemysurprisewhenMissWatson...hercharacterwasimportantinmovingtheplotalong.”可知,作者扮演的沃森小姐很受歡迎、很成功。所以D項(xiàng)“MyMissWatsonturnedouttobeahit.”符合題意。4.A由空前的“Eachperson,onstageandbackstage,isessentialintheater.Withouteveryonedoingtheirpart,theplaywouldbedullasdirt.”可知,作者認(rèn)為在戲劇中,臺(tái)上和后臺(tái)的每個(gè)人都是必不可少的。而根據(jù)空后的“Ifeveryone’sastarthennothinggetsdone.It’sallnoiseandchaos.”可知,作者把演戲和生活聯(lián)系在一起,生活中也不可能人人都是明星。所以,設(shè)空處的句子應(yīng)該是一個(gè)承上啟下的句子,故選A項(xiàng)。5.G由第四段內(nèi)容可知,作者扮演的沃森小姐很受歡迎、很成功。再由空前的“AndsoIbelieveallchildrenshouldgettheopportunitytoplayMissWatson,tobecomesomeonetheydidn’tknowtheywantedtobe.”可知,作者認(rèn)為所有的孩子都應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)扮演沃森小姐,也就是說(shuō)所有的孩子都有機(jī)會(huì)成功。故選G項(xiàng)。Passage3[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了日常生活中步行的好處。1.F根據(jù)空前“StudieshaveshownthattheaverageAmericantakesbetween3,000and4,000stepsdailydoingeverydaythings—about1.5to2miles.”可知,這里繼續(xù)介紹每天走3000到4000步的好處——可以降低死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選F項(xiàng)。2.C根據(jù)空后“Youcanmeasureyoureffortsinquantitiesoftimeinstead.”可知,如果不喜歡用多少英里計(jì)算步行,也可以用時(shí)間來(lái)衡量。所以C項(xiàng)“Whatifcountingresultsbymilesisn’tyourthing?”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。3.B根據(jù)空前“What’smore,if30minutesofwalkingisunrealisticforyoutodoallatonce,thenbreakingitupintothreeshort,10-minutesessions.”可知,不管是連續(xù)步行30分鐘還是分成三個(gè)10分鐘完成都能達(dá)到同樣的健康好處。所以B項(xiàng)“Theywillprovidethesamehealthbenefits.”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。4.D根據(jù)空后“Thenwalktherestofthewayhome.”可知,這里介紹日常生活中坐公共汽車(chē)可以提前一站下車(chē),走著回家,達(dá)到步行鍛煉的目的。故選D項(xiàng)。5.G根據(jù)空后“Therefore,itisfreeandwellacceptedbythemajorityofpeople.”可知,前后句是因果關(guān)系,