2024年人教版中考英語復習之動詞和動詞短語課件

語法復習動詞和動詞短語01中考考情導航02考點精講精練03中考提分特訓目錄中考考情導航考點精講精練動詞的基本形式1．動詞的五種基本形式和構成規(guī)則基本形式構成規(guī)則例子動詞原形動詞的原始形式study;be;like;catch;depend基本形式構成規(guī)則例子第三人稱單數(shù)(1)以字母s,x,ch,sh,o結尾的加espass—passes;teach—teaches;wash—washes;go—goes(2)以輔音字母＋y結尾的，先變y為i再加escarry—carries;cry—cries;fly—flies;try—tries(3)其他情況直接在詞尾加sread—reads;take—takes;put—puts基本形式構成規(guī)則例子現(xiàn)在分詞（v-ing）(1)以不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的，先去e再加ingwrite—writing;have—having;make—making(2)以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的，先雙寫這個輔音字母再加ingswim—swimming;run—running;get—getting;sit—sitting;put—putting;begin—beginning(3)以－ie結尾的，先改ie為y,再加ingdie—dying;lie—lying;tie—tying(4)其他情況直接在詞尾加ingread—reading;catch—catching;do—doing基本形式構成規(guī)則例子過去式與過去分詞(v-ed)(1)以字母e結尾的，直接加dlive—lived;hope—hoped;decide—decided(2)以輔音字母＋y結尾的，先變y為i再加edstudy—studied;worry—worried;hurry—hurried(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的，先雙寫這個輔音字母再加edstop—stopped;shop—shopped；plan—planned;drop—dropped；regret—regretted(4)其他情況直接在詞尾加edwork—worked;pass—passed；depend—depended【注意】不規(guī)則動詞的過去式與過去分詞詳見插件《早讀材料》的不規(guī)則動詞表。2.及物動詞和不及物動詞根據(jù)能否接賓語可將動詞分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。(1)及物動詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意義完整。如：Ineedsomewater.(2)不及物動詞本身意義完整，不需要接賓語。如：Sherunsquickly.(3)有些動詞既可以作及物動詞，又可以作不及物動詞。如：①Ican'thearverywell.我聽覺不太好。②Sheheardfootstepsbehindher.她聽到背后有腳步聲。動詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞過去式過去分詞bedoesstoppingpassedcarriedis being was/were beendo doing did donestop stops stopped stoppedpass passes passing passedcarry carries carrying carried動詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞過去式過去分詞makediesteachingputmakes making made madedie dying died diedteach teaches taught taughtput puts putting put系動詞系動詞后面要接名詞或形容詞。常見的系動詞有：系動詞例子be動詞Mybrotherisverytall.五感官：look(看起來),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來)，sound(聽起來),feel(感覺)①Themountainlookssobeautiful.②Thedishsmells

goodandtastes

delicious.系動詞例子五變化：turn(變成；成為)，get(變得)，become(變成；變得)，go(變成；變?yōu)?；變?，grow(逐漸變得)①Whenheheardhisteacher'swords,hisfaceturnedredatonce.②Ifyoudon'tputthefoodinthefridge,itwillgobadeasily.seem(似乎),keep(保持)①Heseemsaniceman.②Weshouldkeepourclassroom

clean.助動詞

本身不具有實際意義，不能獨立作謂語，必須和實義動詞一起用，在句中幫助提問、否定以及構成相應的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。常用的助動詞有：be(is,am,are,was,were,isn't,amnot,aren't,wasn't,weren't),do(do,does,did,don't,doesn't,didn't),will(will,won't,would,wouldn't),have(have,has,had,haven't,hasn't,hadn't)等。如：①Iamgoingtobeamiddleschoolstudentnextyear.②Shedoesn'twanttohavelunchhere.( )1.(2021·青海改編)Momiscookingchickensoup.It________sogood. A．soundsB．tastesC．smellsD．feels2．(2021·長春改編)ChinaPandaTrainfromChengdutoZunyi________puttouseonMarch28,2021.Cwas情態(tài)動詞

表示說話人的情感與態(tài)度，不能單獨作謂語，只能和實義動詞原形一起構成謂語，一般無人稱和數(shù)的變化。1．常用情態(tài)動詞一覽表：情態(tài)動詞用法例子can/could(1)表能力，意為“能；會”，can用于一般現(xiàn)在時，could用于一般過去時(2)表請求或許可，意為“可以”，在疑問句中，could比can語氣更委婉，回答時用can或can't/cannot①Mybestfriendcanspeakfivelanguages.我最好的朋友可以說五種語言。②—Could/CanIaskyouaquestion?我能問你一個問題嗎？—Ofcourseyoucan.當然可以。情態(tài)動詞用法例子may/might(1)表請求或許可，意為“可以”，比can正式，語氣更加委婉；否定回答多用mustn't禁止/can't表示不可以(2)表祝愿、希望、祈求等①—MayIparkmycarhereforawhile？我可以把車停這兒一會兒嗎？—No,youcan't.不，你不能。②Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝你過得愉快。情態(tài)動詞用法例子shall/should(1)shall用于第一人稱疑問句，表征詢意見、建議或請求指示(2)shall用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表允諾、警告、命令等(3)should表建議、義務，意為“應該”①Shallwegotothecinema？我們去電影院怎么樣？②Ifyoubehavewell,youshallgetapresent.如果你表現(xiàn)好，你就可以得到一份禮物。③Youshouldreadhisnewbook.你應該讀讀他的新書。情態(tài)動詞用法例子must/haveto(1)must意為“必須”，強調說話人的主觀看法，用于現(xiàn)在時和將來時(2)haveto意為“不得不；必須”，強調客觀需求，有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化hasto/hadto①Youmustarriveherebefore10o'clocktomorrow.你必須明天十點之前到這里。②Imissedthelastbus,soIhadtowalkhome.我錯過了最后一班公交車，所以我得走回家了。need意為“需要”，作情態(tài)動詞時常用于否定句、疑問句中Youneedn'tcometomorrow.明天你不需要來。情態(tài)動詞用法例子hadbetter表勸告、建議，意為“最好”，固定搭配hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)做某事You'dbetternotswimintheriver.It'sverydangerous.你最好不要在河里游泳。那很危險?！咀⒁狻壳閼B(tài)動詞表否定時，在其后加not；變疑問句時，將其提到句首。2.情態(tài)動詞表推測：情態(tài)動詞用法例子may/might(1)表示不確定，may可能性大于might(2)may/mightnot意為“可能不”①Hemay/mightknowthewaytothepostoffice.Iamnotsure.他可能知道去郵局的路。我不確定。②Therearemanystarsinthesky.Itmay/mightnotraintomorrow.天上有很多星星。明天可能不會下雨。情態(tài)動詞用法例子can/could(1)could比can表示的可能性要小(2)can表推測時用于疑問句(3)can't意為“不可能”①Whocanitbe？It'ssolate.會是誰呢？都這么晚了。②Theboyunderthetreecan'tbeJohn.HewenttoLondonwithhisparentsyesterday.樹下的那個男孩不可能是約翰。他昨天和父母去倫敦了。情態(tài)動詞用法例子must用于肯定句，表示非常有把握的推測，意為“一定，肯定”ThenotebookmustbeLiMing's.Hisnameisonthefirstpage.這個筆記本一定是李明的。他的名字在第一頁。表推測的可能性大小為：must＞can(疑問句)＞could＞may＞might＞can't用法例子can/couldcan表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could表示過去的能力，二者沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化①Shecan/isabletodriveacar.她能開車。②Hecould/wasabletoplaythepianoattheageoften.他10歲時就能彈鋼琴。③Iwillbeabletorideabikeinaweek.一個星期后我就會騎自行車。beabletobeableto可用于任何時態(tài)，有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化3.難點突破：(1)can/could與beableto辨析含義例子mustn't禁止，相當于can't(不能)，但語氣比can't強烈Youmustn't/can'ttalkinclass.你不準在課堂上講話。needn't/don'thaveto不必Theyneedn't/don'thavetohavebreakfastsoearly.他們不需要這么早吃早餐。(2)mustn't,needn't和don'thaveto辨析(3)幾個情態(tài)動詞在一般疑問句中的回答：①—MayIsmokehere？我可以在這里抽煙嗎？—Yes,youmay.是的，你可以。/—No,youmustn't/can't/hadbetternot.不，你不能/最好不要。②—Can/Couldyoucometoseemetomorrow？你明天能來看我嗎？—Yes,Ican.是的，我可以。/—No,Ican't.不，我不能。③—Musthegonow？他現(xiàn)在必須走嗎？—Yes,hemust.是的，他必須走。/—No,heneedn't/doesn'thaveto.不，他不需要。④—NeedIfinishmyhomeworktoday？我需要今天完成作業(yè)嗎？—Yes,youmust.是的，你必須。/—No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.不，你不需要。( )1.(2019·廣東)Dirtyairandwaterareharmful.They________killplants,andevenpeople. A．canB．can'tC．shouldD．shouldn't( )2.(2017·廣東)Tokeepchildrensafe,we________putthethingslikeknivesandmedicineawayinourhouse. A．mayB．shouldC．canD．might( )3.(2016·廣東)—Mum,________IvisittheModernArtMuseumnextMonday—I'mafraidyoucan't.Allthemuseumsinthiscityareclosedon Monday. A．wouldB．needC．shouldD．mayABD動詞詞義辨析主要在完形填空中考查，考查在語境中的辨析。常考動詞歸納動詞詞義辨析A,Bagree同意；贊同，allow允許，avoid避免；防止，break打破；打碎，build建造C,Dchange改變，collect收集，compare比較；對比，connect(使)連接；與……有聯(lián)系，consider考慮；認為，depend依靠；信賴，describe描寫；描述E,Fencourage鼓勵，

enjoy喜愛；享受，examine檢查；檢驗，explain解釋；說明，fill填滿；填充，force強迫；迫使，forget忘記G,H，I,L，Mguess猜測；估計，guide指引；指導，help幫助，imagine想象；設想，lend借給；借出，lift舉起；抬起；提起，live居??；生活，move移動O，P，Rorder點菜；命令，protect保護，pull拉；拽，push督促；推動；鞭策，realize理解；領會；認識到，refuse拒絕S,T,Wsearch搜索，see看，sell出售；銷售；賣，spread拓展；蔓延；傳播，tell講述；告訴，thank感謝；謝謝，throw扔；擲，try嘗試；設法；努力，warn警告，wash洗 Longlongago,therewerenodonkeysinanancientChineseplacenamedQian.Butsomepeoplealwayswantedto__1__things,soamanbroughtadonkeytoQianbyboat.However,hefoundthedonkeyuselessthere,sohesetitfreeinthehill. Soonafter,atigersawthestrangeanimal.Hehidbehindthetreesto__2__itcarefully.Suddenlyhe__3__themostterriblenoise,“Heehaw！Heehaw！”Hewassoafraidthatheranbacktohishouseandhid.( )1.A.makeB．changeC．inventD．create( )2.A.studyB．eatC．love D．get( )3.A.sawB．toldC．heardD．felt人文底蘊———“黔驢技窮”的故事BAC Afterawhilethetigerfeltgreatshame.“I'matiger!Ishouldnotbeafraidofanyanimal！”Sohewentback.Whenthedonkeysawthetigerbehindit,itbeganto____4__hardwithitsbacklegsandhurtthetigerbadly.Butthetiger____5__thenoisyanimalonlykickedbehind.Sothetigerjumpedonitfromthesideandatethedonkey.Thisstorytellswesometimesneedmorethanoneskillto__6__．( )4.A.trainB．pushC．pullD．kick( )5.A.forgotB．noticedC．imaginedD．remembered( )6.A.writeB．stopC．loseD．winDBD動詞短語在完形填空和短文填空是必考的。具體內容見本書模塊一。動詞短語 Itwasasummerday.Anoldmanwastakingawalkdownahillcheerfully.Hewipedthesweat(擦汗)fromhisfaceandstarted__1__asong. Suddenly,heheardavoice，“Hello,sir.”Theoldman__2__，buthesawnoone.“I'mhere，”thevoicecamefrombesidehisfeet.Theoldman__3__andsawabeautifulflower.中考提分特訓一、完形填空（2021·昆明） “Sir,wouldyoumindansweringaquestion？”____4__theflower.“Certainlynot,mychild.Whatdoyouwanttoknow？”saidtheoldman.Theflowerhesitated(猶豫)forasecondandsaid,“WhyareyousohappyYouarenotyoungandmaybeyoudon'thavemanydays____5__．”Theflowerwenton,“Mydayshave__6__andI'mgoingtowither(枯萎).Thatmakesmesosad.” Theoldmanlaughed,“Yes,Idon'thavemanydaysleft.ButsowhatWhy__7__suchalovelydayonsomethingthathasn'thappened？”Theflowerdidn'tquite__8__．Theoldmancontinued,“What'sgoneisgone.What'stocomeistocome.Youcan't__9__it.Butyoucandecidetoenjoythisverymomentthatyoutrulyhave.” Andhedidn't__10__theflowertorespond(回應).Hejustwalkedaway,continuingwiththehappysonghehadbeensinging.( )1.A.playing B．singing C．writing D．hearing( )2.A.turnedoff B．turnedaround C．turneddown D．turnedup( )3.A.lookedaround B．lookedback C．lookedup D．lookeddown( )4.A.repeatedB．replied C．asked D．shouted( )5.A.found B．left C．got D．paid( )6.A.returnedB．stood C．passed D．achieved( )7.A.enjoy B．rememberC．take D．waste( )8.A.imagineB．understandC．discover D．create( )9.A.keep B．record C．hold D．change( )10.A.waitforB．putaway C．dropby D．cutdownBBDCBCDBDA二、短文填空 TheBrownsandtheSmithsaregoodneighbors.Theyknoweachotherwell.Sometimesthey__1__dinnertogether. Yesterday,Mrs.Brown__2__theSmithstohavedinneragainbecauseitwasherbirthday.Intheafternoon,shecamehomefromworkearly.Onthewayhome,shewenttothemarketand__3__alotoffood.FirstsheboughtsomebeefbecauseMr.Brownliked__4__itverymuch.AndsheknewthatMr.SmithlikedchickenandMrs.Smith'sfavoritefoodwasfish.Sosheboughtsomechickenandfish.Shealsoboughtsomevegetablesandfruit.Shewantedto__5__everythingreadyforthedinner. WhenMr.Brown__6__backhome,Mrs.Brownwasbusycookinginthekitchen.“Happybirthday！”Mr.Brownsaidandbroughthersomeflowers.“Oh,thanks.Whatbeautifulflowers!__7__youpleaseputtheminthesittingroomI'mbusynow.” “OK，”saidMr.Brown.“AndIcanhelpyouputthecandlesonthebirthdaycake.” “Abirthdaycake？”Mrs.Brownsaid.“I__8__tobuyit.” “Itdoesn't__9__.Iwillbuyitnow.I'llbebackinafewminutes，”Mr.Brownsaidtoher. Justthen,thedoorbellrang.TheyweretheSmiths.Intheirhandsthere__10__abigbirthdaycake.1.________ 2.________ 3.________4.________ 5.________ 6.________

7.____________ 8.________ 9.________10.________have/eatinvitedboughteatinggetcameCould/Wouldforgotmatterwas一、完形填空 FrommyfatherIhavelearnedalot.AndI'mverythankfultohim.IrememberwhenIwasachild,myfatheralwaysgotupveryearly.Hewasafraidtowakeothersup,sohe__1__putonhisclothesandwenttowork.Toarriveontimetoopenhistinystoreat8：30,heneededtoleaveourapartmentat6：30.Afterthat,hehadtotakeabusandthenthesubway.Thelast__2__wasalongwalkthroughaneighborhoodmuchofwhichwasfullofthesmellofrubbish.Ilearned:itisveryimportanttowork.No__3__． WhenIwas12,Iwould,onsomeSaturdays,gotomyfather'sstoreto____4__．Afterhelpingdisplay(陳列)goods,fortherestoftheday,I'dwatchtomakesurenoonestoleanything.WhenInoticedsomeonelooking____5__orstrange,Iwouldlookthepersonintheeye,smileandsay,“MayIhelpyou？”Usuallythat__6__，butsometimes,someonewouldrunoffwithsomething.Atthefirsttime,Iranafterthethiefbutmyfathershouted,“Martin,__7__！Thereisnoneedtodothat.”It'struethat__8__ismoreimportantthanmoney. After10yearsofhardwork,hesavedupenough__9__tobuyhisfirstcar,acheapone—hewouldn'tbuyoneuntilhecouldaffordtopayforit.Ilearned:buyonlywhatyoucanafford.Buying__10__foodandclothingwon'tmakeusgointodebt(債務).Theunnecessarythingswon'tgiveushappiness,whichcomesfromachievementonly.( )1.A.loudly B．quietly C．easily D．suddenly( )2.A.vacation B．location C．direction D．journey( )3.A.excuse B．thought C．agreement D．situation( )4.A.sellout B．helpout C．workout D．setout( )5.A.unexpectedB．unusual C．unlucky D．unhappy( )6.A.got B．failed C．worked D．took( )7.A.leave B．go C．run D．stop( )8.A.safety B．silence C．happiness D．success( )9.A.time B．money