Unit7Grammar課件牛津譯林版英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè)

8B

Unit7InternationalcharitiesGrammar

1.Whatisthegoodnewsforpeoplewitheyeproblems80percentofthesecasescan__________________.2.HowdoesORBIShelpTheplane_________________atrainingcentre.Localdoctorsandnurses__________________________________.3.HowmanyoperationsdoesDrMadoduringavisit_____________________________duringhislastvisit.4.WhatdoesORBISneedmost________________________carryonwithourwork.RevisionAninterviewwithanORBISdoctorbepreventedorcuredisalsousedas150patientswereoperatedonMoremoneyisneededtoareinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations語態(tài)分類主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如:Volunteerdoctorsdooperationsontheplane.語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài),主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,如:Operationsaredone(byvolunteerdoctors)ontheplane.

1.AboycalledTomhadeyeproblems.2.

HewrotetoORBISforhelp.3.Hewasoperatedonlastmonth.4.Hiseyeproblemwascured.5.ORBIShelpshimseetheworldagain.6.Hislifeisimprovednow.orActivePassivePassivePassiveActivePassiveActiveActivePracticeTheplaneisusedasatrainingcenter.動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是泛指或者不言明時(shí)。Hiseyeproblemwascuredtwomonthsago.在不知道或是不必知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)。Whentousethepassivevoice需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。Thelivesofthepatientswitheyeproblemsareimproved.出于委婉或禮貌而避談動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。Theproblemwastalkedaboutjustnow.Hewasoperatedonlastmonth.Hiseyeproblemwascured.Hislifeisimprovednow.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：主語+be+V(p.p.)Howtoformthepassivevoice◆am/are/is+done

am/are/isnot

+donewas/werenot

+done◆was/were+doneThesimplepresenttenseThesimplepasttensenegativesentencestructureHowtoformthepassivevoice基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+過去分詞（be體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)）Manytrees__________inspring.Manytrees_____________inwinter.Lights______________toprotecttheEarthlastmonth.Lights________________inmanyhousestosaveenergy.areplantedaren’tplanted(plant)(turnoff)(turnon)wereturnedoffweren’tturnedonHaveatry!1.Today

English_______alloverChina.A.teachB.teachesC.istaughtD.aretaught2.Themeeting_______twoweeksago.A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld3.Thethief________bythepolicelastnight.A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtD.werecaught4.Thephotos_______whenIwasyoung.A.weretakenB.tookC.aretakenD.istakenHaveatry!CanTomcatchJerryAtlast,Jerrywascaught________.

activevoicepassivevoiceby

TomWatchandsay!Wecanalsointroducewhoorwhatperformsanactioninthepassivevoiceusingby.Weputbyandtheperformeraftertheverb.Ontheplane,volunteerdoctorsdooperations.Ontheplane,operationsaredone

by

volunteerdoctors.ORBISdoctorshelpedmanyblindpeople.Manyblindpeoplewerehelped

by

ORBISdoctors.by…“被……”Howtouse'by'inpassivevoiceactivevoicepassivevoiceImadesomebread.Somebreadme.

wasmadeby

1234找換改加Findthesubject

andobjectChangetheplaceofthesubjectandobjectChangetheverbinto

be+done（be體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)）Add“by”beforethenewobjectHowtouse'by'inpassivevoice1234找出主語和賓語交換主語和賓語的位置改動(dòng)詞為“be+V過去分詞”加“by”在新賓語前Workouttherule1.TomoftenhelpsJennywhensheisintrouble.

JennyisoftenhelpedbyTomwhensheisintrouble.2.Iboughtacomputerlastweek.

Acomputerwasboughtbymelastweek.3.ThewholecakewaseatenbyEddieyesterday.

Eddieate

thewholecakeyesterday.4.Manytreesareplanted

bystudentsandteacherseveryyear.

Studentsandteachersplantmanytresseveryyear.5.Shetakes

goodcareofthechildren.

Thechildrenaretaken

goodcareof

byher.Putthesentencesintothepassivevoiceortheactivevoice.Haveatry!ActiveActiveActivePassivePassiveWhat

theydoeveryyearTheyplancharityactivitiestohelpthepoor.Volunteershandoutleafletstopeopleinthestreet.TheyselltoysandCDstoraisemoney.123Charityactivities

areplanned

tohelpthepoor.Leaflets

arehandedouttopeople

inthestreet

by

volunteers.ToysandCDs

aresold

toraisemoney.TheClass1,Grade8studentsaretalkingaboutthedifferentthingspeoplecandoforthepoor.(PartA)Tryit!Whattheydidlastweek456TheClass1,Grade8studentssentnewbookstothechildreninpoorareas.Theycollectedwarmclothesforpoorpeople.TheStudents’Unionheldacharityshow.Newbooks

weresent

to

childreninpoorareas

bytheClass1,Grade8students.Warmclothes

werecollected

forpoorpeople.Acharityshow

was

held

by

theStudents’Union.AmyandDanielaretalkingaboutcharities.Completetheirconversationwiththewordsinbracketsusingthepassivevoice.(PartB)Amy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:ReallyPleasetellmeaboutit.Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsinallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.Daniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem_______(call)ProjectHope.It___________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry___________________________(give)basiceducation.Amy:Yes.Manyschools________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.Tryit!

wassetupwasopenedaresoldisused

iscalled

wasstartedweregivenarebuilt/havebeengivenSomethingtopayattentiontogivesb.sth.Igivehimanapple.isgivenanapplebyme.isgiventohimbyme.HeAnappleIbuyhimanapple.Anappleisboughtforhimbyme.sthisgiventosb.buysb.sth.sthisboughtforsb.1.含可接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞（teach，give，pass，show）的句子改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，當(dāng)直接賓語作為主語的時(shí)候，間接賓語要加介詞to/for.e.g.他傳給了我一本書。Hepassedme

abook.=Hepassedabooktome.

一本書被他傳給我了。

Abookwaspassedtomebyhim.

我被他傳了一本書。

Iwaspassedabookbyhim.SomethingtopayattentiontoIknowacharitycalledUNICEF.2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)充當(dāng)后置定語時(shí)be可以省略。makesb.dosth.Hemakesmelaugh.Iammadetolaughbyhim.sb+be動(dòng)詞+made+todosth.3.感官動(dòng)詞(watch,hear,see)和使役動(dòng)詞(make,let,have)被動(dòng)語態(tài)不省toWeheardsomeoneopenthedoor.Someonewasheardtoopenthedoorbyus.Theteachermadehimretellthestory.Hewasmadetoretellthestorybytheteacher.Practice4.不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因?yàn)楹竺鏇]有賓語。但是“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”我們就可以當(dāng)成及物動(dòng)詞來看含有“不及物動(dòng)詞（vi）+介詞/副詞+賓語”變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，介詞副詞要保留Weshouldspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitelybyus.主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)，①雙賓是特殊，直接賓語做主語，間接賓語要加to（for）②感官和使役，被動(dòng)要加to③不及動(dòng)詞加介詞，變成被動(dòng)留介詞Whenweshouldn'tusepassivevoice這茶嘗起來不錯(cuò)。Theteatastesgood.1系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)如：系動(dòng)詞smell,taste,sound,feel等。昨天下午發(fā)生了一場地震。Anearthquakehappenedyesterdayafternoon.tookplace2happentakeplace存在發(fā)生類：have,happen,takeplace,begin,end,arrive,cost,fit,cometrue,breakout,breakdown...無被動(dòng)語態(tài)3Thenewbook___(sell)well.They_______outquickly.sellsaresold一些不及物動(dòng)詞和well,easily等副詞連用，常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)含義。如：read，write，draw,sell,wash,cook,clean等。

e.g.這道菜聞起來很香。Thedishsmellsgood.

這段音樂聽起來不錯(cuò)。

Themusicsounds

nice.

e.g.這些書很暢銷。Thebookssellwell.

這支筆寫起來很順滑。

Thepenwritessmoothly.

Practicesth.beadj.todosththink/feel/find/sth.adj.todosth.此時(shí)形容詞表示難易、利弊，句中動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這問題很容易回答。Theproblemiseasytoanswer.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)任務(wù)很難完成.Ifindthetaskdifficulttofinish.41.handout分發(fā)，提出=giveout動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)2.holdv.舉行

過去式：held過去分詞：heldv.拿著，抓住Heheldanappleinhishand.v.容納，裝得下Thebuscanholdabout50people.v.使保持特定姿勢狀態(tài)Holdyourbreathunderwater.3.setup

建起，設(shè)立

動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)

經(jīng)常指組織，機(jī)構(gòu)，公司等。4.including

介詞.包含，包括v.include用動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)填空:English____________(speak)byma