Unit+2+Morals+and+Virtues+Discovering+Useful+Structures 高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）必修三

MoralsandVirtuesLesson4DiscoveringUsefulStructuresThe–ingformastheobjectcomplementandadverbial高一—人教版—英語(yǔ)必修三—第二單元1.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestivalinChina,familiesgathertoadmiretheshiningmoonandenjoydeliciousmooncakes.2.Histaskisdecoratingthecityhall.3.

Thinkingofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,Dr.Linopenedaprivateclinic.4.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDr.LinQiaozhi

playingakeyrole.Observation:whatelementcan-ingformserveasinthefollowingsentences1.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestivalinChina,familiesgathertoadmiretheshiningmoonandenjoydeliciousmooncakes.shining

修飾名詞moon分析：結(jié)論：shining

作定語(yǔ)（attribute）Observation:whatelementcan-ingformserveasinthefollowingsentences2.Histaskisdecoratingthecityhall.主語(yǔ)（subject）：謂語(yǔ)（predicate）：表語(yǔ)（

predicative

）：Histaskisdecoratingthecityhall作表語(yǔ)分析：結(jié)論：Observation:whatelementcan-ingformserveasinthefollowingsentences3.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDr.LinQiaozhi

playingakeyrole.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDr.LinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.賓語(yǔ)(object)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(objectcomplement)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分析：結(jié)論：Observation:whatelementcan-ingformserveasinthefollowingsentences4.Thinkingofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,Dr.Linopenedaprivateclinic.Thinkingofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,…=Becauseshethoughtofthepeoplestillinneedofhelp作原因狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）分析：結(jié)論：Observation:whatelementcan-ingformservesasinthefollowingsentencesSummary在句子中,v-ingform可以充當(dāng)：定語(yǔ)（attribute），表語(yǔ)（predicative），賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(objectcomplement)和狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）。Focuson基本用法the–ing

formusedasobjectcomplement現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)觀察歸納：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常放在賓語(yǔ)后面,對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明表示一個(gè)____________________的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)。正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性

1.讀句子，思考V-ing作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的作用是什么？1)Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstanding

attheentrance.2)Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDr.LinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.①在____,feel,hear,watch,notice等感官動(dòng)詞后可使用動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。1.Wesawalight_______(burn)inthewindow.2.Ifelt

someone_______（pat）

meontheback.3.Canyousmellanything______(burn)?seeburningpattingburningPayattention在see,feel,hear,watch,notice等感官動(dòng)詞后既可使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也可以用省略to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.Isawhim(to)climbthehill.2.Isawhimclimbingthehill.

我看到他爬上山了。

（強(qiáng)調(diào)看到爬山的全過程）

我看到他在爬山。

（強(qiáng)調(diào)看到爬山的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.②動(dòng)詞-ing形式位于_____、get、keep等使役動(dòng)詞之后,側(cè)重表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。1.Iwon'thaveyou_____(do)that.2.Thissetme_____(think).3.I'msorrytohavekeptyou______(wait).4.Ican'tgettheclock______(go)again.Itiscold.Weshouldhavethefireburningallthetime.havedoingthinkingwaitinggoing【應(yīng)用實(shí)踐】單句語(yǔ)法填空。①Ifacookisfound

(smoke)inthekitchen,hewillbefired.②Iwon’thaveyou

(run)aboutintheroom.③Wesawtheteacher

(do)theexperiment.④Attheairport,amandressedinablacksuitwascaught

(spit)onthecleanfloor.smokingrunningdoingspittingFocuson基本用法the–ing

formusedasadverbial現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。可在現(xiàn)在分詞前加連詞“when,while,until”等，使其時(shí)間意義更明確。Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.(作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))=Whenheheardthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.聽到那個(gè)消息,他不禁大笑起來。v-ing形式作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)e.g.Seeing

thepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.

一看到警察，他就朝出口奔去。分析：see的動(dòng)作是由其邏輯主語(yǔ)“he”發(fā)出，與句子的主語(yǔ)he一致，且構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。將下面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句改寫成簡(jiǎn)單句。Whenhewalkedoutoftheroom,hesawadog.Walkingoutoftheroom,hesawadog.1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為由since,because或as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，這類狀語(yǔ)多放在句子的前半部分。Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordahouse.(作原因狀語(yǔ))=Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn’taffordahouse.因?yàn)楦F,他買不起房子。v-ing形式作原因狀語(yǔ)e.g.Being

ill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.

因?yàn)樯×?，他昨天沒有上學(xué)。分析:Heisill是Hedidn’tgotoschool的原因。be的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)是一致,主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式Notknowingtheway,hegotlost.翻譯句子：由于不認(rèn)路，他迷路了。

Ashe____________________,hegotlost.didn’tknowtheway動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式是在其前面加not。2.作原因狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if,once或unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.(作條件狀語(yǔ))=Ifyouworkhard,you’llsurelysucceed.如果你努力工作,就一定會(huì)成功。v-ing形式作條件狀語(yǔ)e.g.Turning

totheleft,youwillseeaschool.

向左轉(zhuǎn)你就會(huì)看到一所學(xué)校。Ifwe___________,wewillsucceed.翻譯句子：努力學(xué)習(xí),我們就會(huì)成功。Studyinghard,wewillsucceed.studyhard3.作條件狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)以though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Knowingthewholething,theystillmademepayforthedamage.(作讓步狀語(yǔ))=Thoughtheyknewthewholething,theystillmademepayforthedamage.盡管他們知道整件事情的經(jīng)過,卻還讓我賠償損失。v-ing形式作讓步狀語(yǔ)e.g.Granting

thistobetrue,wecannotexplainit.

雖然我們承認(rèn)這是事實(shí)，卻無法予以說明。Knowingitisdifficult,Idon’tgiveup.翻譯句子：雖然知道它很難，我也不放棄。AlthoughI_________________,Idon’tgiveup.knowitisdifficult4.作讓步狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作方式，結(jié)果或伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語(yǔ)從句，但可用并列分句代替。Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse,cuttingthebranch.(作伴隨狀語(yǔ))=Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse,andhecutthebranch.那個(gè)男孩坐在農(nóng)舍前砍樹枝。Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.(作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))=Thechildslippedandfell,andhehithisheadagainstthedoor.那個(gè)男孩滑了一跤,頭撞到了門上。v-ing形式作方式/結(jié)果/伴隨狀語(yǔ)e.g.Yougavemesuchafrightcreepinguponmelikethat!

你那樣不聲不響地從后面過來，嚇我一跳！

用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯下列句子。請(qǐng)你用另一種方式回答問題。Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway.作方式狀語(yǔ)【探究總結(jié)】(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),用來修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子,常表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式或表示伴隨、讓步等,并可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般是句子的主語(yǔ)。(3)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式是在其前加not。(4)動(dòng)詞-ing形式前可加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞,如when、while、whenever、if、though、unless等強(qiáng)調(diào)前后動(dòng)作的同時(shí)性或使動(dòng)詞-ing形式表達(dá)的含義更加明確?！緫?yīng)用實(shí)踐】(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空。①

(see)thepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.②

(ill),hecouldn’tgotoschool.

③

(work)hard,you’llmakegreatprogressinEnglish.④Hisparentsdied,

(leave)himanorphan.⑤Hecame

(run)backtotellmethenews.⑥Shewalkedalongthestreet,

(sing)softlytoherself.⑦

(work)veryhard,hedidn’tfeelabittired.SeeingBeingillWorkingleavingrunningsingingWorking1.動(dòng)詞分為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句或從句中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞，那么第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞要變成非謂語(yǔ)形式（V-ed/V-ing/todo）2.動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)可做除謂語(yǔ)之外的任何成分，如定語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)等。3.非謂語(yǔ)中分詞形式的選擇要先找其邏輯主語(yǔ)，在判斷其邏輯主語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)間的關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行，過去分詞被動(dòng)或完成。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.當(dāng)--ing表示的動(dòng)作于主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或者在主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生，使用一般時(shí)：doing當(dāng)--ing表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前時(shí),應(yīng)使用完成式:havingdone.

?Readingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.看書時(shí),他不時(shí)地點(diǎn)著頭。?Havingfinishedallhishomework,hewentouttoplay.完成所有作業(yè)之后,他就出去玩了。?Beingsurrounded,theenemywasforcedtogivein.由于被包圍著,敵人被迫投降。?Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn’tlearntheserulesbyheart.盡管被告知了很多次,他還是沒記住這些規(guī)定。(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式表示動(dòng)作與邏輯主語(yǔ)是

關(guān)系。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,被動(dòng)式有一般被動(dòng)式

(表示動(dòng)作

)和完成被動(dòng)式

(表示動(dòng)作

)。

被動(dòng)beingdone正在被進(jìn)行havingbeendone已經(jīng)被完成3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)【觀察思考】?Therainhavingstopped,wewentonmarching.雨過之后,我們繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。?Generallyspeaking,boyslikeplayingwithballswhilegirlslikeplayingwithdolls.一般來說,男孩喜歡玩球,而女孩喜歡玩娃娃?！咎骄靠偨Y(jié)】(1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ),有時(shí)可以有自己獨(dú)立的

,這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為

,通常用來表示伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況,也可以表示時(shí)間、原因或條件等。(2)有些動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ),在句中沒有邏輯上的主語(yǔ)而獨(dú)立存在,用來修飾主句,表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等,被稱為

。常見的有:generally/strictly/franklyspeaking、judgingfrom、considering、supposing、providing等。邏輯主語(yǔ)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)/懸垂分詞Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsostheverbsinthebox.feelwantfacesmilereturnworryhearknockHearingworryingwantingknockingFacingReturningsmilingFeeling1.Allcustomers