必修第二冊　Unit 4　History and Traditions-2025英語大一輪復習講義人教版

Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會意1．Confuciusn．孔子2．mansionn．公館；宅第3．cemeteryn．墓地；公墓4．philosophyn．哲學5．descendantn．后裔；后代；子孫6．heeln．足跟；(腳、襪子、鞋等的)后跟7．Achilles’heel(喻)(希臘神話)阿喀琉斯的腳跟，致命的弱點8．kingdomn．王國；領(lǐng)域9．currencyn．通貨；貨幣10．militaryadj.軍事的；軍用的11．landscapen．(陸上，尤指鄉(xiāng)村的)風景12．a(chǎn)ncestorn．祖宗；祖先13．courtyardn．庭院；院子14．countyn．(英國、愛爾蘭的)郡；(美國的)縣15．feastn．盛宴；宴會；節(jié)日16．cattlen．牛17．scentn．氣味；氣息18．stewn．燉菜(有肉和蔬菜)vt.&vi.燉；煨19．sensoryadj.感覺的；感官的20．transitionn．過渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；變遷Ⅱ.重點單詞——記形1．individualadj.單獨的；個別的n．個人2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高級別的n．(公司或機構(gòu)的)首領(lǐng)；酋長3．nearbyadj.附近的；鄰近的adv.在附近4．conquervt.占領(lǐng)；征服；控制5．battlen．戰(zhàn)役；搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗；奮斗6．portn．港口(城市)7．chargen．收費；指控；主管vt.收費；控告；充電8．a(chǎn)mountn．金額；數(shù)量9．galleryn．(藝術(shù)作品的)展覽館；畫廊10．a(chǎn)pproachn．方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近11．ensurevt.保證；確保；擔保12．buttern．黃油；奶油vt.涂黃油于13．honeyn．蜂蜜14．positionn．位置；姿態(tài)；職位15．snackn．點心；小吃16．rollvi.&vt.(使)翻滾；(使)滾動n．卷(軸)；翻滾17．dotn．點；小(圓)點vt.加點；遍布18．roarvi.&n．吼叫；咆哮19．oceann．大海；海洋20．pubn．酒吧；酒館21．winen．葡萄酒；果酒22．beern．(一杯)啤酒Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變1．puzzlen．謎；智力游戲；疑問vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的→puzzledadj.感到困惑的2．belongvi.應在(某處)；適應→belongingn．[U]歸屬；[pl.]動產(chǎn)，財物3．defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)→defendv．防御；保衛(wèi)→defensiveadj.防御的；保護的4．legaladj.法律的；合法的→illegaladj.不合法的→legallyadv.法律上地5．surroundvt.圍繞；包圍→surroundingadj.周圍的；附近的→surroundingsn．環(huán)境6．evidencen．證據(jù)；證明→evidentadj.明顯的7．a(chǎn)chievementn．成就；成績；達到→achievevt.達到；實現(xiàn)8．locationn．地方；地點；位置→locatevt.確定……的準確地點；找出……的位置→locatedadj.坐落于；位于9．fascinatingadj.極有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinatev．使……入迷，迷住→fascinatedadj.著迷的10．a(chǎn)nnouncevt.宣布；通知；聲稱→announcementn．宣布；通知→announcern．廣播員；解說員11．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的→generosityn．慷慨；大方12．eageradj.熱切的；渴望的→eagerlyadv.熱心地；急切地→eagernessn．熱切；渴望13．poetn．詩人→poemn．詩歌→poetryn．詩歌(總稱)14．greetvt.問候；迎接→greetingn．問候；致意15．customn．風俗；習俗；習慣→customern．顧客→customsn．海關(guān)16．strikingadj.引人注目的；顯著的→strikevt.打擊；攻擊；打動n．罷工17．crowdn．人群；一群人；民眾vt.擠滿；使……擁擠→crowdedadj.擁擠的1．a(chǎn)uthentic/??'θentIk/adj.真正的；真實的2．comb/k??m/vt.梳(頭發(fā))；梳理n．梳子；篦子；梳理(頭發(fā))3．sternly/'st??nli/adv.嚴厲地；苛刻地→stern/st??n/adj.嚴厲的；苛刻的；嚴峻的4．opt/?pt/vi.&vt.選擇；挑選5．boast/b??st/vi.&vt.自夸；自吹自擂n．夸耀；夸口6．lick/lIk/vt.舔；舔著喝(吃)7．disgusting/dIs'ɡ?stI?/adj.令人厭惡的；極糟的8．terrified/'terIfaId/adj.恐懼的；非常害怕的→terrify/'terIfaI/vt.使恐懼；使驚嚇9．glance/ɡlɑ?ns；NAmEɡl?ns/vi.瞥一眼；掃視；瀏覽n．一瞥；掃視10．triumph/'traI?mf/n．勝利；重大成功Ⅳ.背核心短語1．join...to...把……和……連接或聯(lián)結(jié)起來2．breakaway(fromsb/sth)脫離；背叛；逃脫3．belongto屬于4．a(chǎn)swellas同(一樣也)；和；還5．keepyoureyesopen(for)留心；留意6．a(chǎn)dd...to...把……添加到……中7．referto談到；查閱；指的是8．takeover接收；接管9．leavebehind把……拋在后面；留下；遺留10．haveagreatinfluenceon對……有極大影響Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式1．TheUnitedKingdom，GreatBritain，Britain，England—manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.(what引導的賓語從句)聯(lián)合王國、大不列顛、英國、英格蘭——很多人對這些不同名稱的含義感到困惑。2．Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany？(if的省略結(jié)構(gòu))如果有的話，那么它們之間的區(qū)別是什么呢？3．Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(過去分詞短語作后置定語)像擁有同樣的貨幣和國防一樣，他們也使用同一面國旗。4．TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.(havesthdone)他們在英格蘭各地建造城堡，并對法律體系進行改革。5．Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.(if引導的條件狀語從句)如果你留心去觀察，英國的過去和現(xiàn)在都將展示在你的面前，令你嘆為觀止。6．Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.(with的復合結(jié)構(gòu))“綠寶石(愛爾蘭)島”風光寧靜秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛羊點綴其中，堪稱一場名副其實的視覺盛宴。7．Withallthisbeauty，itisnotsurprisingthatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancing，anddining.(Itis＋adj.＋that...)鄉(xiāng)村景色如此優(yōu)美，在愛爾蘭形成這些濃厚的傳統(tǒng)包括音樂、舞蹈以及餐飲就一點也不讓人覺得奇怪了。Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(每小題1分，共10分)1．mansionn．公館；宅第2．philosophyn．哲學3．descendantn．后裔；后代；子孫4．heeln．足跟；(腳、襪子、鞋等的)后跟5．currencyn．通貨；貨幣6．militaryadj.軍事的；軍用的7．landscapen．(陸上，尤指鄉(xiāng)村的)風景8．a(chǎn)ncestorn．祖宗；祖先9．sensoryadj.感覺的；感官的10．transitionn．過渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；變遷Ⅱ.重點單詞(每小題1分，共10分)1．individualadj.單獨的；個別的n．個人2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高級別的n．(公司或機構(gòu)的)首領(lǐng)；酋長3．conquervt.占領(lǐng)；征服；控制4．battlen．戰(zhàn)役；搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗；奮斗5．chargen．收費；指控；主管vt.收費；控告；充電6．a(chǎn)mountn．金額；數(shù)量7．galleryn．(藝術(shù)作品的)展覽館；畫廊8．a(chǎn)pproachn．方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近9．ensurevt.保證；確保；擔保10．roarvi.&n．吼叫；咆哮Ⅲ.拓展單詞(每小題2.5分，共15分)1．legaladj.法律的；合法的→illegaladj.不合法的→legallyadv.法律上地2．locationn．地方；地點；位置→locatevt.確定……的準確地點；找出……的位置→locatedadj.坐落于；位于3．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的→generosityn．慷慨；大方4．eageradj.熱切的；渴望的→eagerlyadv.熱心地；急切地→eagernessn．熱切；渴望5．greetvt.問候；迎接→greetingn．問候；致意6．customn．風俗；習俗；習慣→customern．顧客→customsn．海關(guān)Ⅳ.拔高詞匯(每小題1分，共5分)1．a(chǎn)uthenticadj.真正的；真實的2．combvt.梳(頭發(fā))；梳理n．梳子；篦子；梳理(頭發(fā))3．boastvi.&vt.自夸；自吹自擂n．夸耀；夸口4．terrifiedadj.恐懼的；非常害怕的→terrifyvt.使恐懼；使驚嚇5．glancevi.瞥一眼；掃視；瀏覽n．一瞥；掃視Ⅴ.核心短語(每小題2分，共10分)1．join...to...把……和……連接或聯(lián)結(jié)起來2．belongto屬于3．a(chǎn)swellas同(一樣也)；和；還4．keepyoureyesopen(for)留心；留意5．haveagreatinfluenceon對……有極大影響Ⅰ.詞形變化填空(每小題2分，共20分)1．Thatwasreallyapuzzlingproblem；nowonderthearchitectlookedpuzzled.(puzzle)2．Wemusttakesomedefensivemeasurestodefendourcountryagainstinvasion.(defence)3．Surroundedbytreesandflowers，thesurroundingsofthecottagearequitebeautiful.(surround)4．Theannouncersoftlyannouncedtheresult，buttheannouncementmademeshocked.(announce)5．Itwasapparentthattheboywasfascinatedbyherfascinatingvoice.(fascinate)6．Ilovepoetry，especiallythepoemswrittenbythemostfamouspoet—LiBai.(poet)7．Themeetingroomisquitecrowded，withalotofpeoplecrowdinginit.(crowd)8．Itisevidentthatthemanwillbesentencedtoprisonwiththenewly-foundevidence.(evident)9．Althoughheliveshere，allthebelongingsinthehousedon’tbelongtohim.(belong)10．Thescientistfinallyachievedhisgoalandmadestrikingachievements.(achieve)Ⅱ.選詞填空(每小題3分，共15分)eq\x(breakawayfrom，add...to，referto，takeover，leavebehind)1．Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithoutreferringtohisnotes.2．Byopeninganovel，Icanleavebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulworld.3．Hegrabbedher，butshesucceededinbreakingawayfromhim.4．Whatmadeusexcitedwasthatmybrotherhadtakenoverthejobasamanager.5．Asweallknow，rudewordsonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfire.Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(每小題3分，共15分)1．我臉上火辣辣的，我為我對你所做的事情感到羞愧。(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)(what引導的賓語從句)Withmyfaceburning，IwasashamedofwhatIhaddonetoyou.2．歡迎任何對這部電影感興趣的人到位于第三教學樓第一層的學校演講大廳。(過去分詞短語作后置定語)Anyonewhoiskeenonthefilmiswelcometotheschool’slecturehalllocatedonthefirstfloorofthethirdteachingbuilding.3．他修房頂?shù)臅r候摔斷了腿，這讓大家很擔心他。(havesthdone)Hehadhislegbrokenwhilerestoringtheroof，whichmadeeveryoneworriedabouthim.4．由于他們?nèi)耘f氣喘吁吁、心跳飛快，他們相信剛剛所發(fā)生的事是真的。(讀后續(xù)寫之緊張心理描寫)(with的復合結(jié)構(gòu))Astheyarestillbreathless，withtheirheartsbeatingwildly，theyareconvincedthatwhathappenedjustnowisreal.5．你昨天晚上熬夜到那么晚，今天發(fā)困不足為奇。(Itis＋adj.＋that...)Youstayedupsolatelastnight；itisnotsurprisingthatyoufeelsleepytoday.WhenstudyingintheUnitedKingdom，Iwasnolonger1.puzzled(puzzle)aboutwhenEnglandgotWales，ScotlandandIrelandjoinedtoitorwhenthesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromit.ThefourcountriesbelongingtotheUKusethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence,2.buttheyhavedifferentlegalsystems.IsawmuchevidencethatshowedtheRomans，theVikingsaswellastheNormansinvadedandconqueredtheGreatBritain,3.leaving(leave)behindtheirso-calledachievementsandinfluencingthenamesoflocationsandvocabulary.Thereweremanyfascinatingplaces，soIhadtokeepmyeyesopen.LaterItraveledtoIreland4.whereIfoundmyselffascinatedbythelandscape.ItwassuchafeastformyeyesthatIfeltasifIwereapproachingagalleryinwhichI5.wassurrounded(surround)withbeautifulpictures.EverydayIwasgreetedwiththerollingmountains6.dotted(dot)withsheepandcattle，theroaroftheoceanandthescentofflowers.Ioftenhadasipofwineorbeerinnearbypubswhichchargedonlyasmallamountofmoney7.fortheirservice.OnceItalkedabouttheircustomswith8.acrowdofIrishpeoplewhowereinterestedinourConfuciusphilosophy，poemscreatedbypoetsintheTangDynastyandourancestors’chief9.achievements(achieve)．Theyweregenerousandsharedwithmeasnackcookedwithbutterandhoneyandamouth-wateringstew.ThejourneyissostrikingthatI’meager10.togo(go)thereagain.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯surroundvt.包圍；圍繞(surroundingadj.周圍的；附近的surroundingsn．環(huán)境)surround...with...用……包圍……besurroundedby/with被……包圍(1)Surroundingyourselfwithpeoplewhowillprovideyouwithsupportcanbeverybeneficial.(2)您可以給我一些關(guān)于如何適應陌生環(huán)境的有益的建議嗎？(應用文寫作之求助信)Wouldyoupleaseoffermesomebeneficialadviceonhowtoadapttotheunfamiliarsurroundings?(3)綠樹掩映，這個農(nóng)場坐落于我們學校附近的山腳下。一條小河曲曲折折穿行其中。(2020·全國Ⅱ，書面表達)Surroundedby/withgreentrees，thefarmislocatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool.Thereisasmallriverwindingthroughthefarm.chargevt.收費；控告；充電；(向……)沖n．收費；指控；主管·chargesbwith(doing)sth＝accusesbof(doing)sth指控某人犯……罪chargesbmoneyforsth因某事/物收某人錢chargeat向……發(fā)起沖鋒，撲向·freeofcharge＝forfree免費inchargeof掌管(表狀態(tài))takechargeof掌管(表動作)inthechargeof被……掌管；由……負責(1)Wehaveenoughevidenceandconfidencetochargeyouwithabuseofpower.(2)Thegenerousownerchargingmenothingforthenoodles，Ifeltawaveofwarmthandgratitudewellingupinmyheart.(讀后續(xù)寫之情感描寫)(3)上周我們就市民是否可以免費使用科學博物館展開了熱烈的討論。(議論文寫作)LastweekwehadaheateddebateaboutwhethercitizenscanaccesstheScienceMuseumfreeofcharge/forfree.(4)惡狼張開血淋淋的嘴巴，跳起來撲向我，好像要把我一口吃掉似的。(讀后續(xù)寫之情境描寫)Thefiercewolf，openingitsbloodymouth，sprangtoitsfeetandchargedatmeasiftoeatmeupinonegulp.(5)我將負責一個主題班會，旨在向外國人介紹中國傳統(tǒng)文化。(2021·全國甲，書面表達)Iwillbeinchargeof/takechargeofathemeclassmeetingdesignedtointroducetraditionalChineseculturestoforeigners.announcevt.宣布；通知；聲稱(announcementn．宣布；通知announcern．廣播員；解說員)·announcesthtosb向某人宣布某事Itisannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布……asisannounced...正如宣布的那樣……·makeanannouncement(tosb)(向某人)發(fā)通知(1)Ourschool’sEnglishbroadcaststationislookingforanannouncer(announce)whoiscapableofspeakingfluentandauthenticEnglish.(2)Thehostannouncedtousthatapaintingexhibitionwouldbeheldinthecitygallerynextweekend.(3)Theauthorityannouncesthatanewrailwaystationwillbebuiltheretopromoteitstourism.＝Itisannouncedthatanewrailwaystationwillbebuiltheretopromoteitstourism.(4)大家請注意，在我們上課之前我要下個重要通知。Attention，please，Ihaveanimportantannouncementtomakebeforeourclassstarts.amountn．金額；數(shù)量v．總計，共計；相當于，等于·theamountof...……的數(shù)量“大量/少量的”表達：alarge/smallamountof＋n.[U]＋v.(單數(shù))large/smallamountsof＋n.[U]＋v.(復數(shù))·amountto共計，總計；等于，相當于(1)Yesterdaylargeamountsofhoneyandbutterwere(be)usedtomakethiskindofsnack.(2)為了保持健康，有規(guī)律的適量鍛煉是相當必要的。(應用文寫作之建議信)Inordertokeephealthy，aproperamountofregularexerciseisquitenecessary.(3)暑假期間我總共掙了300美元，這筆錢可以幫助養(yǎng)活我的家人。(2021·浙江6月，讀后續(xù)寫)ThemoneyIearnedduringthesummerholidayamountedto300dollars，whichcouldhelpsupportmyfamily.approachn．接近；方法；途徑vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近·anapproachto(doing)sth(做某事的)方法/途徑attheapproachof...在快到……的時候·with...approaching在……快到的時候(1)WiththeSpringFestivalapproaching(approach)，wecouldhardlycontainourinnerexcitement.＝AttheapproachoftheSpringFestival，wecouldhardlycontainourinnerexcitement.(2)解決這個問題的方法有多種，但我們最好找到最經(jīng)濟的那種。Therearemanyapproachestosolvingtheproblem，butwe’dbetterfindthemosteconomicalone.(3)那只小鳥正拍打著翅膀向我靠近。(2023·浙江1月，讀后續(xù)寫)Therewasthelittlebird，flappingherwingsandapproachingme.eageradj.渴望的；熱切的(eagerlyadv.熱心地；急切地eagernessn．熱切；渴望)·beeagertodosth渴望做某事beeagerforsth渴望得到某物·witheagerness＝eagerly熱切地；急切地hideone’seagerness掩飾某人的渴望(1)Learningthatyou’releavingfortheUnitedStatessoon，I’meagerly(eager)writingtoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoyouforyourhelp.(應用文寫作之感謝信)(2)每個人都渴望成功，但成功只屬于那些意志堅定、堅持不懈的人。(讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華)Everyoneiseagerforsuccess/tosucceed/besuccessful，butsuccessonlybelongstothosewhoaredeterminedandpersevering.(3)當這個男孩被問及是否想要一個生日禮物的時候，他無法掩飾他的渴望。(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)Whenaskedwhetherhewantedagiftforhisbirthday，theboycouldn’thidehiseagerness.belongto屬于；是……的成員；是……的組成部分{belongvi.應在(某處)；適應，合得來belongingn．[U]歸屬；[pl.]動產(chǎn)，財物}asenseofbelonging歸屬感注意：belongto沒有被動語態(tài)和進行時態(tài)，用作非謂語時要使用doing形式，用法相同的短語還有datebackto(追溯到)，consistof(包括)，takeplace(發(fā)生)等。(1)Havingsoldmostofhisbelongings(belong)，thepoetalmosthadnothingleftinthehouse.(2)Wewereremindedtotakewhateverbelonging(belong)tousbeforegettingoffthetrain.(3)正是因為你的慷慨幫助，我很快就產(chǎn)生了歸屬感，適應了新的環(huán)境。ItisbecauseofyourgenerousassistancethatIsoondevelopedasenseofbelongingandadaptedtothenewsurroundings.aswellas同(一樣也)；和；還·aswellas常用來連接兩個并列的成分，如名詞、形容詞、動詞、介詞，通常不位于句首。作“也，還”解，連接并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與aswellas前面的主語保持一致(就遠原則)?！び米鹘樵~時，aswellas相當于besides，inadditionto，意思為“除……之外”，后面通常接名詞或動名詞，尤其是位于句首時。(1)Yourwifeaswellasyouis(be)friendlyandgenerous，forwhichIamverygrateful.(2)Aswellaseating(eat)afive-coursemeal，theydranksevenbottlesofwine.(3)我們的班主任和五名學生代表被邀請在昨天的成人禮上發(fā)表演講。(2020·天津7月，書面表達)Ourheadteacheraswellasfivestudentrepresentativeswasinvitedtodeliveraspeechatyesterday’scoming-of-ageceremony.if的省略結(jié)構(gòu)Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany？如果有的話，那么它們之間的區(qū)別是什么呢？ifany(如果有的話)是一個省略句，相當于if(thereis/are)any...。ifnot如果不是這樣的話ifso如果是這樣的話ifever如果曾有的話ifnecessary如果有必要的話ifpossible如果可能的話(1)Ifitisnecessary，ourschoolwillprovidethestudentswiththelanguagetrainingcourses.＝Ifnecessary，ourschoolwillprovidethestudentswiththelanguagetrainingcourses.(2)如果有人要來的話，請讓我知道有多少，我好做準備。Pleaseletmeknowhowmanypeoplearecoming，ifany，sothatIcanmakepreparations.(3)我想知道這個星期五晚上你是否方便到機場接我。如果是這樣的話，那就再好不過了。如果不方便，那就請?zhí)崆皫臀矣喴惠v出租車。Iamwonderingifit’sconvenientforyoutopickmeupattheairportthisFridaynight.Ifso，itcouldn’tbebetter.Ifnot，pleasehelpmebookataxiinadvance.with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.“綠寶石(愛爾蘭)島”風光寧靜秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛羊點綴其中，堪稱一場名副其實的視覺盛宴。with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語和定語，主要包括：·with＋賓語＋todo(表示將來的動作)·with＋賓語＋doing(表示主動或進行)·with＋賓語＋done(表示被動或完成)·with＋賓語＋介詞短語/adj./adv.(1)Withthevictoryannounced(announce)，allpeoplepresentcheeredupwithgreatjoy.(2)Withsomanytrickyproblemstoapproach(approach)，thenewly-electedpresidentwillhaveatoughperiodtogothrough.(3)Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarmsandtearsofshameandembarrassmentwelledupinhiseyes.(讀后續(xù)寫之羞愧心理描寫)①Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，withtearsofshameandembarrassmentwellingupinhiseyes.(用with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)改寫)②Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，tearsofshameandembarrassmentwellingupinhiseyes.(用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)改寫)(4)Withthebrightmoonupinthesky，wesittogetherandeatmooncakesandfruits，sharingourstories.皓月當空，我們圍坐在一起，吃著月餅和水果，分享我們的故事。提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．chargeA.n.費用B.v.收費；要價C.n.掌管；負責D.v.指控；控告E.v.充電F.v.向……沖G.v.使充滿(1)Myphoneishavingadeadbattery；pleasehelpmechargeit.E(2)Toourshock，theshymanshouldbechargedwithmurderinghiswife.D(3)Theynormallychargethreehundredpoundsbutwegotitforhalfprice.B(4)Thedogbarked，jumping—fourfeetintheair—mouthopenandchargingattheman.F(5)Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest；thenext，theairwaschargedwithtension.G(6)Failuretoprovideenoughcheaperoneswillresultinanextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.(2022·新課標Ⅱ)A(7)PeoplewhodressupasRomansoldiersinchargeofphotoswon’tbeallowednearhottouristspots.(2022·全國乙)C2．a(chǎn)pproacheq\x(A.vt.&vi.靠近；臨近B.vt.與……商量C.vt.處理D.n.方法；途徑)(1)Thestudentsapproachtheirteacherforadvice.B(2)InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)ow-impact”solardevelopment，whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.(2023·浙江1月)D(3)Notseeingorhearinganyfireenginesapproaching，Grantrushedtoasideentranceandranupthestairs.(2020·新課標Ⅱ)A(4)Humanqualitiesalsoinvolvehowyouthink，howyouapproachproblems，andhowyoubreakthemdown；andthattakesalotofalgorithmic(算法)design.(2021·天津第二次筆試)C3．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的漢語意思(1)IamwritingtoapplyforthepositionofChiefEditor.職位(2)Afterreadingthebook，youmustputitwhereitbelongs.應在(某處)(3)PsychologistSusanLevine，anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago，foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.(2022·全國Ⅱ)智力游戲Ⅱ.核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識1．Aprovinceattemptedtobreakawayfromthecountry，whichaccountedforwhythepresidentwasupset.2．Theidentitycarddoesn’tbelongtome，thoughthepicturelooksparticularlysimilartome.3．Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasifindefence(defend)．(讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫)4．Surrounded(surround)byfamiliarcolleagues，hefeltastrongsenseofbelonging.5．Brimmingoverwithgratitude(grateful)，Iwavedgoodbyetothefamilyandwatchedthetruckuntilitvanishedaroundaturn，feelingahintofwarmthinmyheart.(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)6．Theonlyapproachtosolving(solve)theproblemisdiscussingitattheconference.7．Iameagertokeep(keep)myselfupdatedwiththelatestnewsbysurfingtheInternet.8．Thesupermarketwascrowdedwithpeoplewhowantedtobuygoodsatadiscount.9．Itisannounced(announce)thattheblogpostedbythetrollcontainsmuchfalseinformation.10．Foronething，theoveralldevelopmentoverthepastdecadeshasbeensostriking(strike)thattheyfeeleagertofamiliarizethemselveswithwhatisgoingoninChina.(2020·江蘇，書面表達)假定你是李華，你的美國朋友Alex來信說將要在寒假期間去北京旅行一周，請你根據(jù)以下提示給他回信，向他推薦一個你最喜歡的地方，幫助他更好地旅行。內(nèi)容包括：1.推薦的景點；2．推薦理由以及需要注意的事項；3．表示真誠期待與歡迎。完成句子1．得知你渴望在即將到來的寒假去北京旅游，我寫信給你一些建議。(beeagertodo；現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)2．北京有許多著名的旅游景點，其中最重要的是故宮博物院。(“介詞＋which”引導定語從句)3．故宮博物院由內(nèi)城和外城圍成同心圓(concentriccircles)，自明代以來一直是北京的中心。(surround；過去分詞短語作后置定語)4．隨著寒假的臨近，來北京的游客數(shù)量將急劇增加。(with復合結(jié)構(gòu)；approach)5．如果是這樣的話，你最好提前預訂機票和住宿。(if的省略結(jié)構(gòu))組句成篇把以上句子用適當?shù)倪^渡詞語和過渡句組成一篇80詞左右的短文。參考范文DearAlex，Iamgladtohearfromyou.LearningthatyouareeagertotraveltoBeijinginthecomingwintervacation，Iamwritingtogiveyousomerecommendations.TherearemanyfamoustouristattractionsinBeijing，amongwhichthemostsignificantoneisthePalaceMuseum，whichishometoemperorsaswellastheirfamiliesofeachdynasty.ThePalaceMuseum，surroundedinconcentriccirclesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity，hasbeenthecenterofBeijingeversincetheMingDynasty.Eachyear，millionsofvisitorsfrombothhomeandabroadcometovisitit.Withthewintervacationapproaching，thenumberofvisitorstoBeijingwillincreasedramatically.Ifso，you’dbetterbooktheplaneticketsandaccommodationsinadvance.IsincerelyhopeyoucanmakeittoChinathisvacationandI’mlookingforwardtoyourcoming.Bytheway，Iamwillingtoserveasyourguide.Yourssincerely，LiHua教材語料整合亮詞[情感描寫]eager→eagerly→eagerness；puzzle→puzzled→puzzling；fascinate→fascinating→fascinated[動作描寫]breakawayfrom；belongto；surround；battle；keepyoureyesopen(for)；approach；greet；crowd美句1.Itsbeautifulcountrysideexcitesandinspiresall，offeringsomethingforeachofthesenses.(擬人修辭)2.Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.(比喻修辭)3.Anddownbythesea，theroaroftheoceanwavesandcriesoftheseabirdsmakeupthemusicofthecoast.(環(huán)境描寫)4.Onaquietmorninginthemountains，feelthesunonyourskin，andbreatheinthesweetscentoffreshflowerswhilebirdsgreetthenewdaywiththeirmorningsong.(動作描寫＋擬人修辭)5.Withallthisbeauty，itisnotsurprisingthatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancinganddining.(情感描寫)拓展語料積累自然環(huán)境細節(jié)描寫(二)單詞thundern．/v.雷聲；打雷；springn．春天；泉水；horizonn．地平線；dewn．露水；露；colourfuladj.五彩斑斕的；freezingadj.極冷的；snow-coveredadj.積雪覆蓋的；frozenadj.結(jié)冰的；goldenadj.金黃色的詞塊springshowers春雨；cherryblossoms櫻花盛開；lookliketheboundlessyellowcarpet看起來像無邊無際的黃色地毯；aseasonforharvest/revival豐收/復蘇的季節(jié)；becoveredwithalayerofgreen覆蓋一層綠色；bedottedwithshiningstars繁星點點；wrinklethesurfaceofthelake使湖面泛起波紋；bebathedinthegoldensunshine沐浴在金色的陽光下；tallbrancheswavinginthewind高高的樹枝在風中搖曳句型1.Springthunderrumbledwithcontinuousrainwhichmoistenedthewholeearth.春雷隆隆，連綿的雨水滋潤著整個大地。2.Withspringapproaching，theearthgetscoveredwithalayerofgreen.隨著春天的臨近，大地被覆蓋了一層綠色。3.Thesunjustcreptoutoftheeasternhorizonandraysofgoldenredpenetratedthroughthewhitecloudsandacrossthesky.太陽剛剛從東方的地平線上爬出來，數(shù)縷金紅色的光線穿透了白云，劃過天空。4.Thegroundwascoveredwithtendergrass，onwhosebladessomedewdropswereglisteninginthesunshine.地上長滿了嫩草，葉子上一些露珠在陽光下閃閃發(fā)光。5.Agentlebreezecameup，wrinklingthesurfaceofthelake.Itwasreallyabeautifulmorning.(分詞作狀語)一陣微風吹過，使湖面泛起波紋。這真是一個美麗的早晨。6.Birdsflewaroundthewoodssingingcheerfullyandrestlessly.(擬人修辭)鳥兒在樹林里飛翔，不停地歡唱。7.Itwasaclearstreamwhichranquitemerrilyalongonitsnarrowwaythroughthedampgreenness.穿過這片潮濕的綠草地，一條清澈的小溪沿著狹窄的水道歡快地流淌著。語料運用人與自然Withspringapproaching，①theearthgetscoveredwithalayerofgreen.Onabeautifulmorning，westartedourcampingoutofcity.Asweapproachedthecampsite②surroundedbymountains(過去分詞作定語)，wecouldhardlycontainourexcitement.Onreachingthere，mymomopenedthedoorofthecarimmediately，③chargedoutsideandeagerlyurgedustoputupthetent.Thesurroundinglandscapewassofascinatingthatitwasreallyatruefeastforoureyes.④Bathedinthegoldensunshine(分詞作狀語)，welayonthegrasswithalightheart.Birdsweresinginghappily⑤asiftheywerewarmlygreetingus(asif引導方式狀語從句)．Myfamilychattedcomfortably，⑥sweetmemoriesofthepastcrowdinginonus(獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))．隨著春天的臨近，大地被覆蓋了一層綠色。在一個美麗的早晨，我們開始在城市外露營。當我們接近群山環(huán)繞的露營地時，我們幾乎無法抑制自己的興奮。到了之后媽媽馬上打開車門，沖到外面，急切地催促我們搭起帳篷。周圍的景色如此迷人，真是一場視覺盛宴。沐浴在金色的陽光下，我們躺在草地上，心情輕松。鳥兒在歡快地歌唱，好像它們在熱情地迎接我們。我們?nèi)沂媸娣亓奶?，過去的美好回憶涌上我們的心頭。高考題型組合練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A★Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.Thisdiscoveryhaschangedwhatweknowofhumanhistory.Theskull，whichscientistshavenamed“MrsPles”，isfromanape-likehumanrelativefromaspeciescalledAustralopithecusafricanus(南方古猿非洲種)．ItwasfoundnearJohannesburgin1947and，basedonevidencefromitssurroundings，wasthoughttobebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsold.Thispuzzledscientists，becausealthoughMrsPleslookslikeapossibleearlyancestorofearlyhumans，thefirsttruehumanshadalreadyevolvedbythetimesheapparentlylived.Forthisreason，scientistshaddecidedthatAustralopithecusafarensis，asimilarspeciesfromEastAfricathatlivedabout3.5millionyearsago，wasourmostlikelyancestorinstead.TogetamoreaccurateageforMrsPles，ateamledbyProfessorDarrylGrangerofPurdueUniversityinIndiana，US，usedanewmethodtodatethesandyrockswheretheskulllay.Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks，whichformatasteadyratewhentheyareexposedtocosmicrays(宇宙射線)onEarth’ssurface.Oncerocksareburied，thesechemicalsstopformingandslowlydisappear；thesurvivingamountrevealshowmuchtimehaspassedsincetherocks(orbones)wereonthesurface.ThenewstudyshowsthatMrsPlesandotheraustralopithecinebonesnearbyarebetween3.4and3.7millionyearsold.ThismeanstheylivedatthesametimeastheirEastAfricanrelatives，sothateithergroupcouldhavegivenrisetomodernhumans.However，teammemberDrLaurentBruxellespointedoutthatovermillionsofyears，atonly2,500milesaway，thesegroupshadplentyoftimetotravelandtobreedwitheachother.Inotherwords，thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet，hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，在南非發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個著名的人類祖先頭骨的年代比專家們認為的要早100萬年。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)改變了我們對人類歷史的認識。1．WhatcanwelearnaboutMrsPlesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．ItisaskullfoundinEastAfrica.B．Itisthemostpossibleancestorofhumans.C．Itisamillionyearsolderthanscientistsexpected.D．Itisprovedtolivebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsago.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.”和第二段的“Theskull，whichscientistshavenamed‘MrsPles’”可知，“Ples夫人”的年代比科學家預期的要早100萬年。故選C。2．Howdidscientistsgettheaccurateageof“MrsPles”？A．Bystudyingtheeffectofcosmicrays.B．Bycalculatingtheformingrateofchemicals.C．Bylocatingthesandyrockswheretheskulllay.D．Bymeasuringthesurvivingamountofchemicals.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks...thesurvivingamountreveals...onthesurface.”可知，科學家通過測量保存下來的化學物質(zhì)的含量來得到“Ples夫人”的準確年齡。故選D。3．Whatcanweinferfromthenewstudy?A．ModernhumanscameintobeinginEastAfrica.B．MrsPlestravelledandhadchildrenwithEastAfricanrelatives.C．Thehistoryofmodernhumansmightbegin3.5millionyearsago.D．Ape-likespeciesfromAfricacouldhaveinteractedwitheachother.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Inotherwords，thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet，hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.”可知，我們能從這項新研究中推斷出來自非洲的類人猿物種可能相互交流。故選D。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．HistoricalPuzzleUnsolvedB．AncestorMysterySolvedC．MrsPles:TheEarliestHumanBeingD．MrsPles:AFamousSkull答案B解析標題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，...”可知，本文主要講的是科學家們解開了一個關(guān)于現(xiàn)代人類祖先頭骨的謎題，因此最好的題目是B選項“AncestorMysterySolved”。故選B。B★AnewstudyanalyzingstonetoolsfromsouthernChinaprovidestheearliestevidenceofriceharvesting，datingtoasearlyas10,000yearsago.Theresearchersidentifiedtwomethodsofharvestingrice，whichhelpedstartricedomestication.Toharvestrice，somesortoftoolswouldhavebeenneeded.“Forquitealongtime，oneofthepuzzleshasbeenthatharvestingtoolshavenotbeenfoundinsouthernChinafromtheearlyNeolithicperiodorNewStoneAge(10,000－7,000BeforePresent)—thetimeperiodwhenweknowricebegantobedomesticated，”saysleadauthorJiajingWang，anassistantpr