汽車制造行業(yè)國內(nèi)外發(fā)展概述及發(fā)展中存在的問題分析

汽車制造行業(yè)國內(nèi)外發(fā)展概述及發(fā)展中存在的問題分析

一、全球汽車制造行業(yè)發(fā)展概況

近年來，從整體上看，全球汽車產(chǎn)量保持穩(wěn)步增長，2002年全球汽車產(chǎn)量為58994318輛，2015年全球汽車產(chǎn)量增長至90780583輛，2017年全球汽車產(chǎn)量為9730.25萬輛。2002-2017年全球汽車產(chǎn)量走勢(shì)圖資料來源：OICA

隨著全球汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展，汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)是世界上規(guī)模最大的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，并成為美國、日本、德國等發(fā)達(dá)國家國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，對(duì)工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)和相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展有很強(qiáng)的帶動(dòng)作用。2010年汽車銷量增長最快，達(dá)到14%，2016年受到全球經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷的影響，汽車銷量仍保持低速增長，2016年，汽車銷量同比增長4.7%。2017年全球汽車銷量增速下降至3.09%。2005-2017年全球汽車銷量走勢(shì)圖資料來源：OICA

二、主要國家和地區(qū)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r

中國已經(jīng)成為全球最大的汽車市場，也成為了最大的汽車制造國。而近兩年開始，中國傳統(tǒng)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)正在發(fā)生變化，新的產(chǎn)業(yè)形態(tài)、商業(yè)模式、消費(fèi)習(xí)慣正在形成，創(chuàng)新與變革將由此開始。

中國的新能源汽車政策為傳統(tǒng)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)提供了彎道超車的機(jī)會(huì)。現(xiàn)階段，中國已經(jīng)具備了一套良好的適合新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。首先是政府和政策支持與主導(dǎo)，具備了良好的產(chǎn)業(yè)生存環(huán)境；二是各大車企已經(jīng)積極參與進(jìn)來，具備了發(fā)展的主體。三是各路資本的涌入，為產(chǎn)業(yè)提供了強(qiáng)力的資金支持；四是一大批新造車者的進(jìn)入，以及一大批供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)的跟進(jìn)，產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的完善。2010-2017年全球汽車產(chǎn)量分國家統(tǒng)計(jì)（單位：輛）國家2010年2011年2012年2013年2014年2015年2016年2017年總計(jì)77,703,98780,045,07584,100,16787,249,84589,747,43090,780,58394,976,56997,302,534阿根廷716,540828,771764,495791,007617,329533,683472,776472,158澳大利亞244,007224,193209,730215,926180,311173,009161,29498,632奧地利104,997152,505142,662171,220154,340125,500108,00099,880比利時(shí)555,302595,084541,874480,164516,832409,340399,427379,140巴西3,381,7283,407,8613,342,6173,740,4183,146,1182,429,4632,156,3562,699,672加拿大2,068,1892,135,1212,463,7322,379,8062,393,8902,283,4742,370,2712,199,789中國18,264,76118,418,87619,271,80822,116,82523,722,89024,503,32628,118,79429,015,434捷克1,076,3841,199,8451,178,9381,132,9311,251,2201,303,6031,349,8961,419,993埃及116,68381,73156,48039,05027,02036,00036,23036,640芬蘭6,6652,6312,9003,33045,03569,05355,28091,598法國2,229,4212,242,9281,967,7651,740,0001,817,0001,970,0002,082,0002,227,000德國5,905,9856,311,1035,649,2695,718,2225,907,5486,033,1646,062,5625,645,581匈牙利211,461213,531217,840222,400227,030495,370472,000505,400印度3,557,0733,927,4114,145,1943,880,9383,840,1604,125,7444,488,9654,782,896印度尼西亞702,508838,3881,065,5571,208,2111,298,5231,098,7801,177,3891,216,615伊朗1,599,4541,649,3111,013,561626,1101,090,846982,3371,164,7101,515,396意大利838,186790,348671,768658,207697,8641,014,2231,103,5161,142,210日本9,628,9208,398,6309,942,7119,630,0709,774,5589,278,2389,204,5909,693,746馬來西亞567,715533,695569,620596,170596,600614,671513,445460,140墨西哥2,342,2822,681,0503,001,9743,052,3953,365,3063,565,4693,597,4624,068,415荷蘭94,13273,15150,862029,80744,12244,430157,280波蘭869,474838,133647,803583,258593,904660,603681,837689,729葡萄牙158,729192,242163,561154,016161,509156,626143,096175,544羅馬尼亞350,912335,232337,765410,997391,422387,177359,306359,250俄國1,403,2441,990,1552,231,7372,175,3111,886,6461,384,3991,303,9891,551,293塞爾維亞18,03311,02311,03210,90510,67583,63080,32079,912斯洛伐克561,933639,763900,000975,000993,0001,000,0011,040,0001,001,520斯洛文尼亞211,340174,119130,94993,734118,591133,092133,702189,852南非472,049532,545539,424545,913566,083615,658599,004589,951韓國4,271,7414,657,0944,561,7664,521,4294,524,9324,555,9574,228,5094,114,913西班牙2,387,9002,373,3291,979,1792,163,3382,402,9782,733,2012,885,9222,848,335瑞典217,084188,969162,814161,080154,173188,987205,374226,000臺(tái)灣303,456343,296339,038338,720379,223351,085309,531291,563泰國1,644,5131,457,7982,429,1422,532,5771,880,0071,915,4201,944,4171,988,823土耳其1,094,5571,189,1311,072,3391,125,5341,170,4451,358,7961,485,9271,695,731烏克蘭83,133104,65476,28150,44928,7518,2445,2649,542英國1,393,4631,463,9991,576,9451,597,4331,598,8791,682,1561,816,6221,749,385美國7,762,5448,661,53510,328,88411,045,90211,660,69912,100,09512,198,13711,189,985烏茲別克斯坦222,022179,560164,180154,760245,660185,40088,152140,247其他495,020495,147594,457602,138662,085832,683920,162758,672資料來源：OICA2010-2017年全球汽車銷量分國家統(tǒng)計(jì)（單位：輛）-20102011201220132014201520162017歐洲18,808,68819,740,01918,663,17818,343,40918,587,65019,035,98920,134,82920,916,025歐盟28國+歐洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟15,665,09015,664,43714,358,33114,136,04114,995,36116,454,28117,568,44918,147,636歐盟15國+歐洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟14,696,72014,683,81613,419,91413,191,33113,913,18915,223,76616,145,22016,563,830奧地利362,564396,655374,829357,892342,215349,597374,545403,580比利時(shí)607,497643,511550,519547,139545,255571,524617,854634,111丹麥173,566198,518199,147210,839221,713245,484265,386263,361芬蘭126,396144,425126,505117,368120,113123,483136,430138,375法國2,708,8842,687,0522,331,7312,207,3732,210,9272,345,0922,478,4722,604,942德國3,198,4163,508,4543,394,0023,257,7183,356,7183,539,8253,708,8673,811,246希臘153,842104,68262,51862,57076,66582,04485,00895,363冰島3,3955,4718,5078,02210,63015,60520,73524,059愛爾蘭99,986102,44391,72887,096114,985150,680177,719159,236意大利2,164,1531,942,9491,545,7641,420,8141,493,0081,726,0792,050,2922,190,403盧森堡53,99355,01555,04950,88654,32251,60756,36958,965荷蘭542,312627,757571,803481,435450,330521,178469,410508,371挪威162,354180,313176,909180,042180,273190,106197,991201,895葡萄牙272,754191,362113,435126,689172,357213,654247,343264,904西班牙1,114,119931,404790,991822,9501,029,7821,277,0591,347,3441,451,089瑞典334,134359,066326,441313,067352,467396,693431,818442,835瑞士（+FL）324,779355,256366,273343,718338,404362,650355,882355,910英國2,293,5762,249,4832,333,7632,595,7132,843,0253,061,4063,123,7552,955,182歐洲新成員968,370980,621938,417944,7101,082,1721,230,5151,423,2291,583,807保加利亞20,08223,52922,77022,96624,33128,05331,26037,347克羅地亞42,03145,93535,65433,81940,19643,66853,92960,795塞浦路斯17,92015,95811,5638,0519,44711,83414,55915,078捷克186,648194,945193,795185,939215,594260,070291,008302,109愛沙尼亞12,20320,34623,07323,38324,84524,92127,40130,420匈牙利55,22160,99368,16872,97588,719100,933123,807141,814拉脫維亞10,36917,92914,49714,48016,26117,76420,34520,712立陶宛7,53414,31216,66917,58619,03923,24929,38036,180馬耳他5,0047,0306,4756,3127,0347,9298,1578,586波蘭366,577338,781329,799353,197392,476432,439504,550576,144羅馬尼亞104,09095,50880,72371,016100,336120,591142,020159,808斯洛伐克73,82077,90478,18975,20481,96090,091100,600108,672斯洛文尼亞66,87167,45157,04259,78261,93468,97376,21386,142俄羅斯，土耳其和其他歐洲3,143,5984,075,5824,304,8474,207,3683,592,2892,581,7082,566,3802,768,389阿爾巴尼亞1,8002,2602,5002,4902,7502,7502,7503,365亞美尼亞4,4004,4005,4005,3905,6002,5002,7002,977白俄羅斯19,00020,00024,50024,00025,80025,80022,50025,978波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那11,00011,00010,74010,5209,5009,30010,20013,347GEORGIA5,0004,0005,3005,3005,5004,2004,3004,556馬其頓9,5009,4005,6502,8003,5003,9004,3003,863摩爾多瓦5,2005,9005,3005,4006,0003,8004,5006,022俄國2,107,1352,901,6123,141,5512,998,6502,592,3961,440,9231,404,4641,602,270塞爾維亞31,24225,32126,70026,80027,80025,00027,60030,924火雞760,913864,439817,620893,124807,4861,011,1941,007,857980,394烏克蘭188,408227,250259,586232,894105,95752,34175,20994,694美國19,719,98121,578,03923,670,89325,030,00525,475,53125,688,15925,551,91225,788,942北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定14,203,96115,597,61417,526,68818,764,50819,910,15621,174,61521,497,24121,231,606加拿大1,583,3881,620,2211,716,1781,780,5231,890,3871,939,5171,983,7452,077,000墨西哥848,354936,7801,024,5741,100,5421,176,3051,389,4741,647,7231,570,764美國11,772,21913,040,61314,785,93615,883,44316,843,46417,845,62417,865,77317,583,842中美洲和南美洲5,516,0205,980,4256,144,2056,265,4975,565,3754,513,5444,054,6714,557,336阿根廷698,404883,350830,058963,917613,848644,021709,482900,403巴哈馬3,2003,0003,5002,8002,5003,5003,3002,273伯利茲2503004004104008009001,165玻利維亞11,00014,00021,00022,40030,90021,40027,80029,179巴西3,515,0643,633,2483,802,0713,767,3703,498,0122,568,9762,050,3212,238,915智利303,360356,183362,331397,643353,525297,785319,606376,682哥倫比亞285,000295,000285,000286,800314,100272,400246,500233,960哥斯達(dá)黎加24,00034,00036,00036,20042,10052,80060,00051,884古巴2,4003,5004,5004,5304,5004,5006,9006,962多明尼加共和國10,05620,03115,37316,48117,43621,48924,02419,210厄瓜多爾132,172139,893121,446113,812120,06081,30963,555118,281薩爾瓦多7,0008,00011,00011,40011,80012,40010,60010,182瓜德羅普16,00916,36415,45214,71614,77315,72016,57118,738危地馬拉22,10024,00026,00027,90029,80031,20029,90028,250洪都拉斯9,00010,00011,00012,00011,60011,30010,2007,771牙買加3,0003,5004,5004,7005,0005,9005,1004,812馬提尼克島15,28615,32513,57613,01813,35115,21516,49516,963尼加拉瓜6,0006,0008,0009,3009,40011,20012,7009,108巴拿馬38,00044,00048,00048,30052,20056,30057,70049,762巴拉圭19,00030,00030,00030,60031,00028,20022,70027,029秘魯120,800150,037190,761201,326187,081173,388169,718180,020特立尼達(dá)和多巴哥14,00014,00014,50014,90016,00019,60020,20015,053烏拉圭55,00054,96956,45961,05456,54851,31847,11461,484委內(nèi)瑞拉125,202120,689130,55398,87823,70714,7005,20014,084亞洲/大洋洲/中東35,179,08435,392,38638,212,92840,567,30642,544,51843,405,63946,903,73048,903,658澳大利亞1,035,5741,008,4371,112,0321,136,2271,113,2301,155,4081,178,1331,188,677阿塞拜疆13,70010,85015,00022,70025,20010,5005,1002,705巴林35,00031,00047,00053,00061,10058,30046,30037,482孟加拉國40,40039,90043,40042,50051,90054,80044,40042,021文萊10,50017,00020,00019,60024,00017,00016,20016,839柬埔寨2,9003,4003,4003,4004,1006,1006,3006,042中國18,061,93618,505,11419,306,43521,984,07923,499,00124,661,60228,028,17529,122,531香港36,68840,28441,23345,72049,72253,53543,80048,259印度3,040,3903,287,7373,595,5083,241,3023,177,0053,424,8363,669,2774,017,539印度尼西亞764,710894,1641,116,2301,229,8111,195,4091,031,4221,048,1351,060,894伊拉克165,000131,500120,000117,50087,70049,20024,80039,291伊朗1,642,8431,688,1941,044,430804,7501,287,6001,222,0001,448,5001,718,565以色列217,000227,000206,500215,500242,400260,200292,700284,623日本4,956,1484,210,2245,369,7215,375,5135,562,8885,046,5104,970,2605,238,888約旦20,00022,00023,00029,00023,80022,80020,50020,918哈薩克斯坦29,00043,34898,231165,710163,56197,46997,47097,471吉爾吉斯斯坦4,8005,9004,8004,8004,8004,8002,0002,735科威特110,000114,500140,000151,500152,300143,800108,000102,541老撾5,0005,0007,0009,00014,70014,60010,9009,785黎巴嫩35,50033,50037,50037,50040,30040,70037,80038,363馬來西亞605,156600,123627,753655,793666,487666,677580,124591,096蒙古3,3003,2902,2902,2001,6001,0001,7001,655緬甸2,8002,8003,1003,0001,8001,8002,3003,344尼泊爾2,0004,0005,6005,5008,3005,9009,3003,670新西蘭83,25084,143100,795113,294126,508134,041146,753159,872阿曼178,000169,500204,500215,000208,400167,600154,900131,149巴基斯坦152,354163,260157,656141,778146,882229,688211,295269,049巴勒斯坦21,90024,70036,60035,80035,80035,80035,80036,454菲律賓170,348165,056184,248211,959234,747288,609359,572358,558卡塔爾55,50061,00080,00085,00092,90086,40063,70049,767沙特阿拉伯600,000590,000705,000740,000828,200830,100655,500548,250新加坡51,89139,57037,24734,11144,77676,191108,061110,907韓國1,511,3731,586,4051,532,0871,543,5641,661,8681,833,7861,823,0411,798,796斯里蘭卡3,0008,0009,50012,00015,50017,00034,90016,006敘利亞87,54739,96044,00043,10039,70039,70039,70040,034塔吉克斯坦6,7007,7106,3006,2906,4006,4002,3002,316臺(tái)灣252,500285,790270,078258,753282,130262,593262,346259,013泰國800,357794,0811,423,5801,330,672881,832799,632768,788873,506土庫曼斯坦4,7005,2004,7004,7004,8004,8005,0005,016阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國168,323243,982268,900263,100263,100256,700198,500194,382烏茲別克斯坦56,50062,00057,00057,50058,10058,10056,30058,968越南112,224110,93880,48796,692134,562208,566271,833269,570也門4,0004,0004,1004,0004,6005,6003,6004,950非洲1,251,2211,446,9271,569,4631,653,5871,717,9211,577,5351,315,1631,195,765阿爾及利亞133,406227,925255,167304,854292,100243,37999,60094,408安哥拉30,00015,00028,00029,00035,70018,0007,3004,230博茨瓦納6,0006,2006,6006,9007,4007,5008,1007,600布隆迪600500510530400400900130喀麥隆2,9002,9003,4004,4004,4004,2004,2003,765埃及248,917271,900286,300283,000349,100332,100264,100181,001加蓬4,0004,0005,5005,5004,9003,3003,0002,565加納6,0009,00014,50013,60013,0004,8007,4004,217象牙海岸5,5005,5007,5006,0006,4007,1006,4007,118肯尼亞6,0006,0009,50013,00013,50014,10010,60011,886利比里亞500400410430400400600132利比亞54,50056,50029,00045,00045,00054,10046,40023,600馬達(dá)加斯加1,8002,1002,2002,2002,6002,3001,4001,507馬拉維2,2002,3001,5001,5401,7001,9001,8001,937毛里求斯6,0004,5009,50010,20010,60010,00011,00012,597摩洛哥103,436112,093130,306120,755122,060131,910163,110168,913尼日利亞37,00045,00050,00052,00053,90020,00023,0006,999團(tuán)圓24,75526,26824,94924,23325,75727,69729,54731,039塞內(nèi)加爾6,0005,5006,0006,0006,8005,8006,6006,516南非492,907572,241623,921650,745644,504617,749547,406555,716北蘇丹3,5003,8003,5002,5003,0003,6003,4002,955坦桑尼亞3,2004,5006,0006,7005,8005,2004,5005,358突尼斯59,00047,50049,00047,00050,90048,50050,80047,359烏干達(dá)3,5004,0004,5005,0004,9003,1004,0004,337贊比亞3,0003,0003,5004,0004,0003,4003,2004,862津巴布韋3,0004,3004,4005,0005,8002,5002,2002,143所有國家74,958,97478,157,37182,116,46285,594,30788,325,62089,707,32293,905,63496,804,390資料來源：OICA

三、中國汽車制造行業(yè)發(fā)展概況

2018年，中國汽車市場首次出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)量下滑，中國汽車市場顯露“疲態(tài)”。汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)遷移路徑可分為兩大階段。通過對(duì)比2009年、2017年和2018年三個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)探索中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)遷移路徑發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國汽車制造產(chǎn)業(yè)遷移路徑主要分為兩個(gè)階段：第一階段（2009-2017年）：中部向吉林地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移，吉林從2009年排名第六攀升到排名第三，東部向廣東、上海轉(zhuǎn)移，廣東從2009年排名第5攀升到排名第一，上海地區(qū)始終保持第二。階段二（2017-2018年）：中部向湖北地區(qū)集中，湖北產(chǎn)量超過了重慶等地，西部向廣西地區(qū)集中。

根據(jù)國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局公布數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2018年全國民用汽車保有量23122萬輛，比上年末增長10.60%，其中私人汽車保有量20730萬輛，增長11.96%。2007-2018年我國汽車保有量資料來源：國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局

近年來，我國汽車保有量占全球比重呈上升趨勢(shì)，截止2018年，中國汽車年銷量已連續(xù)10年世界第一，目前我國汽車保有量2.31億輛，保有量占全球20%，銷量占全球30%。

2018年，我國汽車保有量達(dá)2.31億輛，汽車保有量與2017年相比，2018年全年增加2215.33萬輛，增長10.60%。汽車占機(jī)動(dòng)車的比率持續(xù)提高，近五年占比從54.93%提高至70.17%，已成為機(jī)動(dòng)車構(gòu)成主體。2018年，我國汽車產(chǎn)銷呈小幅增長，全年共產(chǎn)銷2780.92萬輛和2808.06萬輛汽車，同比縮減4.16%和2.76%。

根據(jù)中汽協(xié)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2018年，我國汽車產(chǎn)銷量同比呈現(xiàn)負(fù)增長。2018年，我國乘用車產(chǎn)銷2352.94萬輛和2370.98萬輛，同比縮減5.15%和4.08%；商用車產(chǎn)銷427.98萬輛和437.08萬輛，同比增長1.69%和5.05%。

2018年，我國汽車產(chǎn)銷呈小幅增長，全年共產(chǎn)銷2780.92萬輛和2808.06萬輛汽車，分別下降4.16%和2.76%。12月，汽車產(chǎn)銷分別完成248.2萬輛和266.1萬輛，同比分別下降18.4%和13%。2007-2018年我國汽車產(chǎn)銷量情況資料來源：汽車工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)

1、新能源汽車發(fā)展取得重大進(jìn)展

2018年，新能源汽車產(chǎn)銷分別完成127萬輛和125.6萬輛，同比分別增長59.9%和61.7%。其中，純電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)銷分別完成98.6萬輛和98.4萬輛，同比分別增長47.9%和50.8%；插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車產(chǎn)銷分別為28.3萬輛和27.1萬輛，同比分別增長122%和118%；燃料電池汽車產(chǎn)銷均完成1527輛。12月，新能源汽車產(chǎn)銷分別完成21.4萬輛和22.5萬輛，同比分別增長43.4%和38.2%。其中，純電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)銷分別完成17.7萬輛和19.2萬輛，同比分別增長37.2%和33.5%；插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車產(chǎn)銷分別完成3.6萬輛和3.2萬輛，同比分別增長78%和67.9%。2016-2018年月度新能源汽車銷量及同比變化情況資料來源：汽車工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)

2、商用車銷量同比增長5.1%

2018年，商用車?yán)塾?jì)產(chǎn)銷分別完成428萬輛和437.1萬輛，同比分別增長1.7%和5.1%。分車型產(chǎn)銷情況看，客車產(chǎn)銷同比分別下降7%和8%；貨車產(chǎn)銷同比分別增長2.9%和6.9%。12月，商用車產(chǎn)銷均完成42.8萬輛，同比分別下降1%和增長5.2%。2016-2018年月度商用汽車銷量及同比變化情況資料來源：汽車工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)

3、乘用車自主品牌市場份額上升

2018年，乘用車?yán)塾?jì)產(chǎn)銷分別完成2352.9萬輛和2371萬輛，同比分別下降5.2%和4.1%。其中，轎車產(chǎn)銷分別完成1146.6萬輛和1152.8萬輛，同比分別下降4%和2.7%；SUV產(chǎn)銷分別完成995.9萬輛和999.5萬輛，同比分別下降3.2%和2.5%；MPV產(chǎn)銷分別完成168.5萬輛和173.5萬輛，同比分別下降17.9%和16.2%；交叉型乘用車產(chǎn)銷分別完成42萬輛和45.3萬輛，同比分別下降20.8%和17.3%。

12月，乘用車產(chǎn)銷分別完成205.5萬輛和233.3萬輛，同比分別下降21.3%和15.8%。其中，轎車產(chǎn)銷分別完成101萬輛和102.8萬輛，同比分別下降17.9%和14.3%；SUV產(chǎn)銷分別完成83.5萬輛和98.2萬輛，同比分別下降26.4%和16.3%；MPV產(chǎn)銷分別完成16.8萬輛和17.6萬輛，同比分別下降15.9%和22.9%；交叉型乘用車產(chǎn)銷分別完成4.2萬輛和4.7萬輛，同比分別下降7.7%和9.7%。2016-2018年月度乘用車銷量及同比變化情況資料來源：汽車工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)

四、中國汽車制造行業(yè)發(fā)展中存在的問題

目前，我國汽車工業(yè)存在經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模小、技術(shù)開發(fā)落后、進(jìn)出口發(fā)展不平衡、消費(fèi)政策不健全和服務(wù)管理落后等問題。

1、經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模問題：汽車工業(yè)企業(yè)達(dá)不到規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)臨界點(diǎn)要求

企業(yè)在達(dá)到一定的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模之后才能贏利。各類型汽車規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的臨界點(diǎn)為，國家汽車工業(yè)汽車生產(chǎn)量為200萬輛以上；轎車企業(yè)為20萬輛-30萬輛；輕型載貨汽車企業(yè)為10萬輛-12萬輛；重型載貨汽車企業(yè)為1萬輛-8萬輛。目前我國現(xiàn)有124家總裝廠，52家改裝廠以及2000家汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、零部件和配套件企業(yè)，只有一汽集團(tuán)公司等五家企業(yè)年產(chǎn)量超過10萬輛。按照國際上25萬輛-30萬輛的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模臨界點(diǎn)要求，目前中國還沒有一家汽車企業(yè)能夠達(dá)到，即使上海一大眾汽車有限