高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法分專題全面復(fù)習(xí)第十一講定語(yǔ)從句講解與練習(xí)

定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的句子。被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,whose,that,which，as等。關(guān)系副詞有：when,where,why等。定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，去掉之后意思不明確。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，與主句往往用逗號(hào)隔開，相當(dāng)于并列句或狀語(yǔ)從句等。例如：

Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.（限制性）

Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.（非限制性）

限制性定語(yǔ)從句1.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

1）who,whom,that先行詞是人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如：

Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)，不能省略）

Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略）

2）whose先行詞是人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ),若指物，它還可以同ofwhich互換）。例如：

Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.

Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.

3）which,that先行詞是物，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如：

Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.（作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)）

Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.（在句中作賓語(yǔ)）4)as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用于下列句式：such+名詞+as..,像······一樣的，像······之類的such(pron.)+as一像······一樣的，像······之類的the

same+名詞+as...和······同樣的We

have

found

suchmaterials

as

are

used

in

their

factory.(as作主語(yǔ))This

book

is

not

such

as

I

expect.這不是我期望的書。(as作賓語(yǔ))I

have

the

same

book

as

he

has.我和他有同樣的書。(as作賓語(yǔ))關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

1）關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：

Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。

Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。

Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？

2）此外，當(dāng)先行詞為situation

case,stage

point等，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，也要用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。They

have

reached

the

point

where

they

have

to

separate

with

each

other.關(guān)系副詞when,where可用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，而關(guān)系副詞why不可以。注：判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。

I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。

（錯(cuò)）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.

（錯(cuò)）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.

（對(duì)）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.

（對(duì)）I'llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞where,when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1.關(guān)系代詞在任何情況下都不能省略。Iwanttobuyadictionary,whichisvaluabletomylearning.(which不能省略)2.who(主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ))，whom(賓語(yǔ))，which(主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ))不能用that代替。ThisisNewYork,whichIhavevisitedforseveraltimes.(which不能用that取代)which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，也可以是個(gè)句子。Hewaslateagain,whichmadetheteacherveryunhappy.(先行詞為一句話)關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為句子，as在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ),通常放句首。Asweknow,Chinawasdevelopingcountry.我們知道，中國(guó)是個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。Asisknowntousall,ChinaisintheeastofAsia.眾所周知，中國(guó)在亞洲的東部。

5.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，介詞+which/whom從句結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞不能移到從句的后面說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞用法的特殊情況：

1）只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

a）主句是therebe句型，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)，只用that，不用which。

b）先行詞是不定代詞，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等時(shí)，只用that，不用which.

c）先行詞有theonly,thevery，theright，thelast，just，some，any,no,all,few,little,much等修飾時(shí)，只用that。

d）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或前面有這些詞修飾時(shí)，只用that。.

e）先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。2）關(guān)系代詞只能用which不用that的情況

a）引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例：（錯(cuò)）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.

b）介詞后不能用。例如：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我們依賴土地獲得食物。

Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.

c)先行詞后面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，只用which不用that。Here

is

the

English

grammar

book,

which,

As

I've

told

you,will

help

you

improve

your

English.d)先行詞本身就是that時(shí)。只用

which不用that.What's

that

which

flashed

through

the

sky

just

now?剛才在天空中一閃而過(guò)的是什么?1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Isthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid. A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bot