2025年中考英語重難點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)28 閱讀理解之議論文

重難點(diǎn)28閱讀理解之議論文議論文閱讀理解解題方法：一、重視文章標(biāo)題，找準(zhǔn)全文主題句，把握文章主旨標(biāo)題往往是全文的主題，審視標(biāo)題，有利于理解全文，提高解題效率。主題句對(duì)全文起提示、啟迪、概括、歸納之作用。根據(jù)主題句既可以知道文章議論的是什么，也可以知道作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內(nèi)容。議論文題材偏難，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用總—分—總的結(jié)構(gòu)，交替使用正面和反面的論證方式。通常，先總說現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)；其次，正面陳述、反面論證；最后作者表明自己的態(tài)度，再次總結(jié)文章。通常主題句會(huì)出現(xiàn)在文章的首句或句末，在這些地方要多留意表示歸納的詞匯，也可以在具體事例之后或之前的表示觀點(diǎn)的陳述句中尋找。二、細(xì)讀文章，注意文章細(xì)節(jié)理解除主旨題外，細(xì)節(jié)理解題也是閱讀理解題中的基礎(chǔ)題，它主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文中的具體事例、數(shù)字、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等的理解。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)排序題(按事情發(fā)展順序排序)，圖表題(按文章內(nèi)容找出正確圖形)，正誤題(依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對(duì)所列的陳述進(jìn)行正誤判斷)。對(duì)這種題型，無論細(xì)節(jié)題如何變化形式，立足點(diǎn)都應(yīng)是從文章中找出相應(yīng)詞句作為依據(jù)。雖然答案中有的細(xì)節(jié)在文中很清楚，但可能與問題無關(guān)。細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般用尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、分析、對(duì)比，有根據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。假如問題采用的是反向思維，題中含有not或except等表示否定意義的詞，則需要更加留意。此法可以加強(qiáng)閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高做題的準(zhǔn)確率。做此類題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系。三、理解整體語篇，掌握作者意圖做推理判斷題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的同時(shí)，對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，站在作者的視角，而不是主觀臆斷、憑空想象，從而走入誤區(qū)。英語文章講究使用主題段與主題句，段與段之間通常有過渡性詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫。有時(shí)文章還會(huì)在時(shí)間順序、空間順序或邏輯推理上運(yùn)用較高級(jí)的手段進(jìn)行組編。要想準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解文章，必須對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握全篇的文脈，即句內(nèi)、句間和段落間的修辭手段或邏輯關(guān)系。作者往往在構(gòu)思語篇前會(huì)進(jìn)行預(yù)先設(shè)定：讀者知道什么，不知道什么，讀者可能與自己共同擁有什么樣的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)、思想見地和需求欲望等，然后設(shè)計(jì)一些隱藏在語篇深層的＂潛臺(tái)詞＂。因此，這類試題要求考生利用主題句進(jìn)行推測(cè)，揣摩文字背后作者的意圖，運(yùn)用背景知識(shí)去挖掘文章的深層含義，從而正確理解作者的言外之意，同時(shí)認(rèn)真體會(huì)文章的語氣與感情基調(diào)。四、多讀多背，擴(kuò)大詞匯量，掌握猜詞技巧由于當(dāng)今的閱讀文章題材廣泛，體裁多樣，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一詞多義，甚至出現(xiàn)沒學(xué)過的詞匯。許多學(xué)生感到困擾很大，有的甚至煩躁得難以堅(jiān)持閱讀下去。要解決閱讀中的生詞問題，一是要擴(kuò)大英語詞匯量，二是要學(xué)習(xí)并掌握一些猜測(cè)生詞詞義的方法，如：利用同義、反義、上義、下義、詞的集合、詞的搭配等關(guān)系；利用照應(yīng)、替代、省略、定義、舉例等情境關(guān)系；利用詞綴、轉(zhuǎn)化、合成等構(gòu)詞法；利用后置定語或同位語等語法結(jié)構(gòu)；利用前后對(duì)比或因果推理法等?？傊胍岣唛喿x能力，尤其是對(duì)考生來說難度較大的議論文閱讀，學(xué)生應(yīng)能從篇章和試題雙方面入手。通過觀察、體驗(yàn)、探究等積極主動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)方法，優(yōu)化閱讀理解中議論文的解題思路和方法策略，提高學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。議論文往往有觀點(diǎn)，有事實(shí)，邏輯性強(qiáng)，命題往往從事實(shí)的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文章的主旨或作者的表達(dá)意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力，或者說根據(jù)情境能揣測(cè)作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀理解一樣，可以有主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測(cè)等幾種出題方式。中考語篇通用集訓(xùn)之（五）Ⅱ.完形填空。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入相應(yīng)空格內(nèi)的最佳答案。Everyscientisthasachildhooddream.AscientistinChinaoncehada(n)11.Hewasbornin1930.HegraduatedfromtheSouthwestAgricultural(農(nóng)業(yè))Universityin1953.YuanLongpingcameupwithanideaforahybridriceinthe1960s.Sincethen,hehasdevotedhimselftotheresearchanddevelopmentofnewvarieties(品種).In1973,togetherwithotherpeople,he13inthedevelopmentofhybridrice.ThismadeChinabeaworldwideleaderinriceproduction.Forthis,hewascalledFatherofHybridYuan’shardwork,Chinanowproducesenoughriceto16herpeopleeveryyear.Inhissparetime,helovesplaying17violinandlisteningtomusic.Everynight,hereads18halfanhourbeforehegoestosleep.Helikesswimming,too.Ibuthisresearch.NowProfessorYuanisworkingondevelopingsuperhybridrice.Hegoestothefieldstwiceaday.()11.A.dream B.idea C.thought D.will()12.A.where B.whom C.which D.who()13.A.success B.succeeded C.successfully D.successful()14.A.given B.grown C.showed D.introduced()15.A.Becauseof B.Because C.Inorder D.For()16.A.lookafter B.feed C.send D.fed()17.A.an B./ C.a D.the()18.A.on B.in C.for D.to()19.A.poorest B.richest C.cleverest D.mostcareful()20.A.everything B.anything C.nothing D.somethingⅢ.閱讀理解。(A)Duringthelastwinterholiday,IwenttoChinawithmyparents.Thefive-daytripleftmewithadeepimpression.AsthecapitalofChina,Beijingisaverybeautifulcitywithfreshairandcleanstreetswhichmakethetravelersfeelverypleased.Tomysurprise,manypeopletherewerelearningEnglish.LaterIwastoldthattheydidsobecauseBeijingwouldholdthe29thOlympicGamesandtheywantedmostforeignerstounderstandthem.Theystrictlykeptthetrafficrules.Whentherewasaredlight,noonewasseencrossingthestreet.OfalltheplacesIvisited,IlikedtheSummerPalacebest.Tooursurprise,althoughitwaswinterwhenwewerethere,westillsawgreentreesandmanyfreshflowers.Thewholeparkwasverybeautiful.Wevisitedaverymodernfootballfield.WeweretoldthebuildingswheretheOlympicGameswouldbeheldwereevenbetterthanthat.IalsoenjoyedskiinginXiangshan.Skiingisaninterestingandexcitingsportlikedbymanypeople.Inmyeyes,ChinaisaniceplaceandChinesepeopleareverykind.AtBeijingStation,thereweresomanypeople,andmostofthemweregoinghometospendtheSpringFestival—themostimportantChinesefestival,withtheirfamilies.Passengershelpedeachothercarryluggage（行李）,andtheywereverykindtoforeigners.Weweregivenacardbythehotelwestayedat,onwhichwastheaddressofthehotel.Withthecardwenevergotlostinthecity.Thefivedayspassedquickly,butthetripleftmealotofsweetmemories.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。()21.Fromthepassage,weknowtheSummerPalace______. A.hasflowersonlyinsummer B.isworthvisitingalltheyearround C.isaplacewherepeoplevisitonlyinsummer D.isaplacewheremanypeopleskiinwinter()22.Thewriterenjoyed______inXiangshan. A.skating B.swimming C.skiing D.board-skating()23.Thefive-daytripofBeijingwas______. A.duringNewYear’sDay B.aftertheSpringFestival C.ontheMid-AutumnDay D.beforetheSpringFestival()24.Theforeignersweregivenacardeachbythehotel______. A.sothattheycouldeasilyfindtheirhotel B.inordertogoshopping C.sotheycouldgetsomethingfreelyfromthehotel D.astheNewYear’sgift()25.Inthewriter’seyes,Chinesepeople______. A.arekind B.arehelpful C.strictlykeptthetrafficrules D.alloftheaboveB①Thatfutureisalmosthere.“Ithinkit’sgoingtohappen.Definitelyintenyears…andhopefullymuch,muchfaster,”saidSebastianThrunin2021.Atthattime,hisyoungcompanyKittyHawkCorporationwasworkingondevelopingaflyingcarknownaseVTOL,orElectronicVerticalTake-OffandLandingvehicle（車輛）.②Flyingtoworkorschoolsoundsunbelievable.Notonlyisitfuntofly,but“therewouldneverbetrafficagain,becausetheskyisvery,verylarge,”saysThrun.HealsothinkseVTOLscouldbegreenerthancommoncars.“Wegomuchfaster,wegoinastraightline,weflyonlessenergy,”hesays.③Sofar,though,flyingcarshaven’ttakenoffasaproduct.Willtheirdaycome?Therearestillmanyproblemstosolve.Theirhighpricemeansmostpeoplewon’tbeabletoaffordone.So,somecompaniesaredevelopingthemasairtaxisthatpeoplecouldpaytoride.Themainproblemwithflyingcarsissafety.Accidentsintheairaredangeroustoboththepassengersandanyoneonthegroundbeneath.TomakeeVTOLssafer,manydevelopersareaimingtomakethemself-flying—nohumanpilotrequired.④Anotherproblemisspace.Mostaircraftneedlongrunwaystotakeoffandland.Liftingstraightupanddownlikeahelicoptersolvesthisproblem.ButeVTOLsstillneedspecialspaces,calledvertiports,fortake-offandlanding.Findingplacestoputthesecouldbetricky,especiallyincrowdedcities.Butmaybesomecouldgoontopofbuildings.⑤Whatdoyouthink?Wouldyouenjoyridingtoschoolortovisitafriendinaself-flyingtaxi?Areflyingcarsagoodidea,orshouldwefindotherwaystogetaroundinthenearfuture?34.WhatisSebastianThrun’sopinionaboutthefutureofflyingcars?A.Hethinksitwillneverhappen.B.Hethinksitwillhappeninthenextcentury.C.Heisnotsureaboutthefutureofflyingcars.D.Hebelievesitwillhappenintenyearsandfaster.35.Whyaresomecompaniesdevelopingflyingcarsasairtaxis?A.Tosolvesafetyproblems. B.Tomakethemcheaper.C.Toprovideridesforpeople. D.Tocompetewithcommoncars.36.Whatisthepossiblestructureofthepassage?A. B. C. D.37.Whatisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?A.IsaFlyingCarYourDreamCar? B.WillFutureFlyingCarsNeedDrivers?C.TheExcitingWorldofElectricTaxis D.TheHistoryofAirTravelTechnologies參考答案及解析Ⅱ.11.A由首句Everyscientisthasachildhooddream.可知，每個(gè)科學(xué)家都有一個(gè)童年的夢(mèng)想。中國的科學(xué)家也不例外。故選A。12.D定語從句的先行詞是人時(shí)，只能用that/who來引導(dǎo)，whom不作主語。故選D。13.Bsucceeded為succeed的過去式；success為名詞；successful為形容詞；successfully為副詞。此句缺謂語動(dòng)詞。故選B。14.Dbeintroducedto被介紹到……，在此表示“傳入，引入美國”之意。故選D。15.ABecauseof后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞；Because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句;for表原因時(shí)語氣沒有because強(qiáng)烈。故選A。16.Bfeed為“養(yǎng)活”之意，fed為feed的過去式。send和lookafter均不合題意。此句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選B。17.D本題考查定冠詞的用法。樂器前須加冠詞the。故選D。18.C睡前的半個(gè)小時(shí)……，是一個(gè)時(shí)間段，只有for