標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀
GB/T 44218-2024《微型揚聲器測量方法》這一國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詳細規(guī)定了微型揚聲器性能測試的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化流程、所需設(shè)備、測量條件以及具體測試項目的執(zhí)行方法。該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)旨在為微型揚聲器的制造商、檢測機構(gòu)及研究單位提供統(tǒng)一、準(zhǔn)確的測試依據(jù)，確保產(chǎn)品性能評估的一致性和可比性。以下是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主要內(nèi)容概述：
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范圍：明確了本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用的微型揚聲器類型，通常指直徑或最大線性尺寸不超過25毫米的揚聲器單元，包括但不僅限于用于手機、耳機、可穿戴設(shè)備等小型電子產(chǎn)品的揚聲器。
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規(guī)范性引用文件：列出了實施本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時所依據(jù)的其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和文檔，這些文件對于完全理解并執(zhí)行測試至關(guān)重要。
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術(shù)語和定義：對微型揚聲器測量中涉及的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語進行明確界定，如頻率響應(yīng)、靈敏度、失真度等，確保所有使用者對測試參數(shù)有統(tǒng)一的理解。
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測試環(huán)境與設(shè)備：詳細說明了進行測量所需的實驗室環(huán)境條件，如背景噪聲水平、溫度、濕度等，以及測試儀器的精度要求，如音頻分析儀、信號發(fā)生器、聲學(xué)耦合腔等。
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測試方法：
- 頻率響應(yīng)：規(guī)定了如何測量揚聲器在特定頻率范圍內(nèi)的輸出聲壓級，以評估其頻率響應(yīng)特性。
- 靈敏度：定義了在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入功率下測量揚聲器產(chǎn)生的聲壓級，以此來表征揚聲器將電能轉(zhuǎn)換為聲能的效率。
- 總諧波失真加噪聲(THD+N)：描述了測試揚聲器在指定頻率和電平下的非線性失真程度及噪聲水平。
- 最大聲輸出：規(guī)定了測量揚聲器最大不失真輸出功率的方法，以及達到極限時的失真度評估。
- 指向性：如果適用，會介紹如何測量揚聲器聲音輻射的方向性特性。
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數(shù)據(jù)處理與報告：指導(dǎo)如何記錄和分析測試數(shù)據(jù)，以及編制測試報告的格式和內(nèi)容要求，確保測試結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確傳達。
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試驗樣品的選取與準(zhǔn)備：闡述了測試前揚聲器的預(yù)處理步驟，如老化、穩(wěn)態(tài)等，以確保測試結(jié)果的穩(wěn)定性與可靠性。
如需獲取更多詳盡信息，請直接參考下方經(jīng)官方授權(quán)發(fā)布的權(quán)威標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔。
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- 2024-07-24 頒布
- 2025-02-01 實施
文檔簡介
ICS33.160.50
CCSM72
中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
GB/T44218—2024
微型揚聲器測量方法
Methodsofmeasurementformicrospeakers
（IEC63034：2020，Microspeakers，MOD）
2024?07?24發(fā)布2025?02?01實施
國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局
國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會發(fā)布
GB/T44218—2024
目次
前言··························································································································Ⅴ
1范圍·······················································································································1
2規(guī)范性引用文件········································································································1
3術(shù)語、定義和縮略語···································································································1
3.1術(shù)語和定義········································································································1
3.2縮略語··············································································································1
4測量條件·················································································································2
4.1額定條件···········································································································2
4.2氣候條件···········································································································2
4.3標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測量條件·····································································································2
5聲學(xué)環(huán)境·················································································································3
5.1通則·················································································································3
5.2自由場條件········································································································3
5.3半自由場條件·····································································································3
5.4等效自由場條件··································································································3
5.5等效半自由場條件·······························································································3
6微型揚聲器的安裝·····································································································3
6.1微型揚聲器單元的安裝和聲負載·············································································3
6.2微型揚聲器系統(tǒng)的安裝和聲負載·············································································4
6.3標(biāo)準(zhǔn)微障板········································································································4
6.4測量用平面波管··································································································5
7微型揚聲器和測量傳聲器的位置···················································································5
7.1微型揚聲器位置··································································································5
7.2在自由場或半自由場條件下的測量距離····································································6
7.3在等效自由場或半自由場條件下微型揚聲器和傳聲器的位置·········································7
8測量設(shè)備·················································································································7
9測量準(zhǔn)確度··············································································································7
9.1通則·················································································································7
9.2不需要的聲噪聲和電噪聲······················································································7
9.3安裝的準(zhǔn)確度·····································································································7
9.4測量設(shè)備的準(zhǔn)確度·······························································································8
9.5聲學(xué)環(huán)境的準(zhǔn)確度·······························································································8
10接線端和控制器的標(biāo)識····························································································8
Ⅰ
GB/T44218—2024
10.1通則················································································································8
10.2正極················································································································8
11測量信號···············································································································8
11.1通則················································································································8
11.2穩(wěn)態(tài)正弦信號····································································································8
11.3正弦掃頻信號····································································································9
11.4離散多音正弦信號······························································································9
11.5寬帶噪聲信號··································································································10
11.6窄帶噪聲信號··································································································10
12預(yù)處理················································································································10
12.1環(huán)境預(yù)處理·····································································································10
12.2預(yù)負荷處理·····································································································10
13阻抗····················································································································10
13.1阻抗曲線········································································································10
13.2額定阻抗········································································································11
14微型揚聲器的小信號參數(shù)·························································································11
14.1通則··············································································································11
14.2特性解釋········································································································11
14.3測量方法········································································································12
15位移特性··············································································································16
15.1位移曲線········································································································16
15.217
位移直流分量Xdc······························································································
15.317
最大線性位移X·······························································································d
15.418
額定正弦位移X·······························································································s
16幅頻響應(yīng)··············································································································18
16.1額定頻率范圍··································································································18
16.2頻率響應(yīng)········································································································18
16.3指定頻帶內(nèi)的平均聲壓級···················································································18
16.4有效頻率范圍··································································································19
17幅度非線性···········································································································19
17.1總諧波失真·····································································································19
17.2n次諧波失真···································································································20
17.3高次總諧波失真·······························································································20
17.4n次調(diào)制失真（n＝2或3）····················································································21
18聽音試驗··············································································································22
18.1正常工作的聽音檢驗·························································································22
Ⅱ
GB/T44218—2024
18.2非常規(guī)失真的聽音檢驗······················································································22
19輸入電壓或功率·····································································································22
19.1額定噪聲電壓或功率·························································································22
19.2短期最大輸入電壓或功率···················································································23
19.3長期最大輸入電壓或功率···················································································24
19.4額定正弦電壓或功率·························································································24
20環(huán)境測試··············································································································25
20.1溫度范圍········································································································25
20.2濕度范圍········································································································25
20.3低溫貯存試驗··································································································25
20.4低溫壽命試驗··································································································25
20.5高溫貯存試驗··································································································26
20.6高溫壽命試驗··································································································26
20.7高低溫沖擊試驗·······························································································27
20.8恒定濕熱試驗··································································································27
21雜散磁場··············································································································28
21.1概述··············································································································28
21.2靜態(tài)分量········································································································28
21.3動態(tài)分量········································································································29
22物理特性··············································································································29
22.1尺寸要求········································································································29
22.2質(zhì)量··············································································································29
23設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)··············································································································29
參考文獻····················································································································31
圖1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)微障板··········································································································4
圖2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)微障板的分障板······························································································5
圖3平面波管·············································································································5
圖4微型揚聲器的額定幾何條件·····················································································6
圖5微型揚聲器的阻抗曲線·························································································14
圖6峰值位移（peak/bottom）·························································································16
圖7位移曲線···········································································································17
圖8位移的直流分量··································································································17
圖9測試設(shè)備方框圖··································································································23
圖10雜散磁場測量裝置······························································································28
Ⅲ
GB/T44218—2024
前言
本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)
定起草。
本文件修改采用IEC63034：2020《微型揚聲器》。
本文件與IEC63034：2020的技術(shù)差異及其原因如下：
——增加了“范圍”的有關(guān)內(nèi)容（見第1章）；
——增加了縮略語“RMS”“DFT”“FFT”“THD”（見3.2）；
——用規(guī)范性引用的GB/T12060.1替換了IEC60268?1（見4.2、10.1、12.2、19.1.2、第9章~第21
章），以適應(yīng)我國的技術(shù)條件；
——用規(guī)范性引用的GB/T12060.2替換了IEC60268?2（見10.1、11.5），以適應(yīng)我國的技術(shù)條件；
——用規(guī)范性引用的GB/T3785.1替換了IEC60651（見11.5），IEC60651：1979已被IEC61672?
1：2002和IEC61672?2：2003代替，本文件的引用只涉及IEC61672?1。
本文件做了下列編輯性改動：
——為與現(xiàn)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)調(diào)，將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名稱改為《微型揚聲器測量方法》；
——更改了“等效自由場條件”和“等效半自由場條件”中的表述方式（見5.4和5.5）；
——更改了“雜散磁場”中“概述”的表述方式（見21.1）。
請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。
本文件由中華人民共和國工業(yè)和信息化部提出。
本文件由全國音頻、視頻及多媒體系統(tǒng)與設(shè)備標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會（SAC/TC242）歸口。
本文件起草單位：南京大學(xué)、瑞聲聲學(xué)科技（深圳）有限公司、歌爾股份有限公司、南京瑯聲聲學(xué)科
技有限公司、中國電子技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究院、江蘇裕成電子有限公司、華為終端有限公司、北京小米移動
軟件有限公司、榮耀終端有限公司、OPPO廣東移動通信有限公司、維沃移動通信有限公司、中國計量
科學(xué)研究院、天津博頓電子有限公司、浙江旗聲電子科技股份有限公司。
本文件主要起草人：沈勇、陳思妙、吳志江、楊鑫峰、王涵、董桂官、華克、提純利、董永政、趙天宇、
張楊、周瑜、牛鋒、黃杰、湯赟、韓海云、李棟、朱守經(jīng)、張海宏、程心坤、馮雪磊、王富裕、張敬祥、張林峰。
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