2021碩士考研英語閱讀理解

2021碩士考研英語閱讀理解

考研英語閱讀理解

（一）法律類

Byalmosteverymeasure,PaulPfingstisanunsentimentalprosecutor.

LastweektheSanDiegoCountydistrictattorneysaidhefullyintendsto

trysuspectCharlesAndrewWilliams,15,asanadultfortheSantanaHigh

Schoolshootings.Evenbeforethetragedy,Pfingsthadstoodbehindthe

controversialCalifornialawthatmandatestreatingmurdersuspectsas

youngas14asadults.

SonobodywouldhavewageredthatPfingstwouldalsobethefirstD.A.in

theU.S.tolaunchhisveryownInnocenceProject.YetlastJune,Pfingst

toldhisattorneystogobackoveroldmurderandrapeconvictionsandsee

ifanyunravelwithnewlydevelopedDNA-testingtools.Inotherwords,he

wantedtorevisitpastvictories-thistimeplayingfortheotherteam.I

thinkpeoplemisunderstandbeingconservativeforbeingbiased,says

Pfingst.Iconsidermyselfapragmaticguy,andIhavenointerestin

puttinginnocentpeopleinjail.

AroundtheU.S.,flabbergasteddefenseattorneysandtheirjailedclients

cheeredhismove.Amongprosecutors,however,therewasanawkwardpause.

Afterall,eachDNAtestcostsasmuchas$5,000.Thenthere，stheunspoken

risk:ifdozensofinnocentsturnup,theD.A.willhaveindictedhisshop.

Butninemonthslater,nobudgetshavebeenbustedorprosecutorsousted.

Onlytherarecasemeritsreview.Pfingst'steamconsidersconvictions

before1993,whenthecitystartedroutineDNAtesting.Theydiscardcases

ifthedefendanthasbeenreleased.Ofthe560remainingfiles,theyhave

re-examined200,lookingforcaseswithbiologicalevidenceanddefendants

whostillclaiminnocence.

Theyhaveidentifiedthreesofar.Themostcompellinginvolvesaman

serving12yearsformolestingagirlwhowasplayinginhisapartment.But

otherswerethereatthetime.Policefoundasmalldropofsalivaonthe

victim'sshirt--toosmallasampletotestin1991.Todaythatspotcould

freeaman.Testresultsaredueanyday.InspiredbySanDiego,10other

countiesintheU.S.arestartingDNAaudits.

ByAmandaRipleyeznciscosijevicrtwell;LisaMcLaughlin;JosephPierro;

JoshTyrangielandSoraSong

本文習題命題模仿對象2018年真題

1.HowdidPfingstcarryouthisownInnocenceProject?

[A]Bygettingridofhisbiasagainstthesuspects.

[B]Byrevisitingthepastvictories.

EC]ByusingthenewlydevelopedDNA-testingtools.

[D]Byhiscooperationwithhisattorneys.

2.WhichofthefollowingcanbeanadvantageofInnocenceProject?

[A]Tohelpcorrectthewrongjudgments.

[B]Toousttheunqualifiedprosecutors.

[C]Tomaketheprosecutorsinanawkwardsituation.

[D]Tocheerupthedefenseattorneysandtheirjailedclients.

3.Theexpression“flabbergasted”(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobably

means.

[A]excited

[B]competent

EC]embarrassed

[D]astounded

4.WhywasPfingstanunsentimentalprosecutor?

[A]Heintendedtotryafifteen-yearoldsuspect.

[B]Hehadnointerestinputtingtheinnocentinjail.

[C]HesupportedthecontroversialCalifornialaw.

[D]Hewantedtotrysuspectasyoungasfourteen.

5.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothetext?

[A]Pfingst?smovedidn'thaveagreatcoverage.

[B]Pfingst'smovehadboththepositiveandnegativeeffect.

[C]Pfingst'smovedidn,tworkwell.

[D]Pfingstsmovegreatlyencouragedthejailedprisoners.

篇章剖析

本文采用的是記敘文的模式。第一段指出芬斯特作為一位鐵面無私的檢查官的一些

做法;第二段指出芬斯特實施“清白計劃”的打算及做法;第三段指出實施“清白計劃”

造成的反應以及可能存在的問題;第四段和第五段是實施“清白計劃”的結果和影響。

詞匯注釋

prosecutor[5prRsIkju:tE(r)]n.檢察官，檢察員，起訴人，原告

controversial[kRntrE5v\:F(E)l]adj.爭論的，爭議的

mandate[5mAndeIt]v.批準制訂一個訓令，如通過法律;發(fā)布命令或要求：

wager[5weIdVE(r)]v.下賭注，保證

conviction[kEn5vIkF(E)n]n.定罪，宣告有罪

unravel[Qn5rAv(E)l]v.闡明，解決

flabbergast[5flAbE^B:st;(?@)」Ast]v.口使大吃一驚，啞然失色，使目瞪口呆

indict[In5dalt]v.起訴，控告,指控，告發(fā)

bust[bQst]v.破產(chǎn)或缺錢

oust[ajsl]v.剝奪，取代，驅(qū)逐

discard[dI5skB:d]v.拋開；遺棄；廢棄

molest[mE51est]v..,困擾，調(diào)戲

saliva[sE51aIvE]n.口水，唾液

難句突破

1.Evenbeforethetragedy,Pfingsthadstoodbehindthecontroversial

Californialawthatmandatestreatingmurdersuspectsasyoungas14as

adults.

主體句式：,?,Pfingsthadstoodbehind…

結構分析：Evenbeforethetragedy是本句的時間狀語；主句是Pfingsthad

stoodbehind***;that引導的賓語從句修飾law;在從句中,as…as是一詞組，意思是

“和…一樣”；出現(xiàn)的第三個as是介詞，意思是“作為”。

句子譯文：甚至在這場悲劇發(fā)生之前芬斯特就支持加利福尼亞州的一項頗有爭議的

法律。這項法律規(guī)定，以成人身份受審的謀殺嫌疑犯的最低年齡可以降到十四歲。

題目分析

1.答案為C,屬事實細節(jié)題。文中對應信息“Pfingsttoldhisattorneystogo

backoveroldmurderandrapeconvictionsandseeifanyunravelwithnewly

developedDNA-testingtools.v是對第二段第一句的補充說明。

2.答案為A,屬推理判斷題。從上下文我們可以得知，實施“清白計劃”就是使用

先進的DNA技術來重新審理過去的案件當中可能存在的冤案錯案。

3.答案為D,屬猜詞題。從第二段第一句話我們得知芬斯特可能是美國第一個實施

非常獨特的“清白計劃”的人，因此他的做法很可能是令人感到吃驚的，從而可猜出

該詞的含義。

4.答案為B,屬推理判斷題。從第一段和第二段給出的事例我們可以看出，芬斯特

不愿放過任何一個犯罪的人，即便他的年齡還不算大;他也不愿使無辜者蒙冤，即便案

件已經(jīng)審理。

5.答案為C,屬推理判斷題。正因為“Pfingst'smoveworkswell”，美國才又

有“tenothercountiesarestartingDNAaudits”，而且，“nobudgetshave

beenbustedorprosecutorsousted".

考研英語真題一一18閱讀最難篇

Passage3

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.

ThinkofGallileo,sl7th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforethe

CatholicChurchofpoetWilliamBlake'sharshremarksagainstthe

mechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthe

humanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcould

affordtoignoreitscriticsbutnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehas

declined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,

notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversity

ofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;and

TheDemon-HauntedWorld,byCarSaganofCornellUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas

“TheFlightfromScienceandReason,“heldinNewYorkCityinl995,and

“ScienceintheAgeof(Mis)information,“whichassembledlastJunenear

Buffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Grossand

Levittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandother

academicswhohavequestionedscience5sobjectivity.Saganismore

concernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomena

thatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesinl996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeen

attachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedthe

eliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicans

whoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,

publishedinl995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapretechnological

utopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedabout

uncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews

WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrue

enemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity,apioneer

ofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupporting

globalwarming,thedepletionoftheozone