世界地理全程課件

ShaanxiNormalUniversity

Teacher:ChenYingWORLDGEOGRAPHY1Chapter6Oceania2Section1summaryofOceanicageographySection2AustraliaSection3NewZealandexit3Section1summaryofOceanicageography1.TheNarrowandBroadsenseofOceanica42.The“Geographydetection〞ofOceanicalocalresidents’Oceanica

aborigineslocalresident52.1Melanesiaperson

ItincludesPapuaNewGuinea,doorislands...etc4insularities.Melanesiaisthegenericnameoftheresidentswhocametherefirst.Thetotalpopulationisabout38,980.000.MostMelanesiapersonisshort,theirskinareblack,theyhavecurlhair.Undertheinfluenceofwestculture,Theirlifestyleismodern,butalsoreservemanytraditionalcustoms.

62.2MicronesiapersonMost

Micronesiaperson

aretaller,theirskinarelightbrown,thewestoftheregionnearsAsia,sotheresidentshavetheAsia'scharacteristic;TheeasternregionnearstothewestofPolynesia

,sotheyaretaller,andtheirhairiscurl,theirskinislighte;ThesouthclosestoMelanesia,sothehairofresidentsiscurl,theirskinisbrown,andtheyareshorter.72.3Polynesiaperson

ItisthegenericnameoftheWesternSamoan,Tonga,Tuvalu,CookIslandsandresidentswhocurrentlystillliveundertherullofEngland,France,Americaetc.Thereareaboutmorethan90myriadpeoplescurrently.Thephysiquecharacteristicisblackhair,thefaceismoregenerous,theskinislightbrown,moreover,theyaretaller.82.The"geographydetection"ofEuropecolonize

Fromthebeginningof16centurytothemiddleperiodof19century,EuropeancolonizearrivesatOceaniatoprobeintogeographysuccessively.

Fromhalfafte

17centuryto

themiddleof19century

,Britishhadbeenthefirst

toprobeintoOceania,themostrepresentativeexampleamongthemisjams.kuk’sthreetimesprobeintoOceania.93.ThepoliticalmapofOceania3.1Countriesofthecontinent

Australia,NewZealand,thenationandregionofthethreeislandses.3.2Transnationalnationsandregionsofthecontinent

NewGuineaisland；Hawaiianislands.10Section2Australia

1.GeneralsituationAustralialocatesinSouthernHemisphere,lyingbetweenthesouthwestPacificOceanandtheIndianOcean.112.Thehistoryandstateofthenation

Australia'sfundamentalrealities

123、Mineralresources3.1Ironmine3.2Aluminumsoil3.3Coal3.4Gold3.5Other澳大利亞礦產(chǎn)分布圖134.HalfcyclicannularstructureDistribution

ofAustraliaweather144.1Theforestarea

1.Evergreenrainforestoftropics

2.Dryingtropicsforestandopenforest3.Moistsubtropicsforest

4.Dryingsubtropicsforestandopenforest4.2Dograsslandsbelt4.3Thebarrendesertarea155.Thedistributionofindustry5.1Agricultureandanimalhusbandry

ThereisvastandnaturalranchinAustralia.Inadditiontomiddlewesternregion,theweatheriswarmandmoist,soitisgoodtoagriculture.

澳大利亞農(nóng)牧業(yè)分布圖16

TheagricultureherdingindustryisatraditionalandimportanteconomicsectioninAustralia,themainmanagementmethodofwhichisthemanagementofcapitalisticbigfarm.Themachinerylevelisveryhigh,now,machinesareusedinturnningovertheground,sowingseeds,harvesting,shearinghair,slaughteringetc.Theproductionwaysismoreprofession,themerchandiseofagriculturelivestockproductisveryhigh,whileberestrictbyinternationalmarketprice,indortoadapttheinternationalmarketconditional,Australia

hasalreadydevelopedvariousmanagements.171.

Livestockhusbandry

ThelivestockhusbandryisthemostimportanteconomicsectionandhasthelongesthistoryinAustraliaagriculture,positionsection.Inlivestockhusbandry,sheepkeepindustryisthemostoutstandingsection.andsoAustraliais

called“thecountrythatridesonthebackofsheep".

美利奴羊182.

Plantingindustry

ThePlantingindustryofAustraliatakesabout2/5intotalindustryproductionvalue.

ThewheatinAustralia

mainlydistributesinthemolayriver-darlingriverarea,reachingsouthAustralia,presentingabreadthwhichwides80-300kms.

Inaddition,othercropsarebarley,coats,corn,paddyrice...etc..Tansimaniaiaislandiscalled"theislandoftheapple",

thenon-nuclearraisinthatproduceddownstreamthemolayriverisfamousintheworld.192.Miningindustry

TheabundantmineralsofAustraliaprovidesbenefitsforit’squickdevelopmentofminingindustry.2.1.Excavatingcoalindustry2.2.Ironminingindustry

MostoftheironiscarriedtoWesternEurope,Japan,Chineseetc.,Australia

isthecountrythathasthemostexportationofironminesandintheworld.

2.3.Otherminingindustry2.4.Thepetroleumandnaturalgas203ProcessingindustryThedevelopmentofmanufacturingindustryofAustraliaisquickPost-war,thesectionstructurechangedvariely.Themetallurgyandthemachinemanufacturingindustrymakethequickestprogress.itsproductionvaluetakesaboutof3/5inthetotalproductionvalue,andthechemistryfollowed.213.1Steelindustry

ItisthemostimportantsectionoftheAustraliaindustry,theinvestmentforthisindustrytakes1/10ofthetotalinvestmentforindustrypost-war.Foritssuperiorinthedevelopmentofsteelindustrial,itbecameoneofthesectionswhichmakesquickestprogress.223.2.Manufacturingindustry

ThemanufacturingindustryofAustraliaisfoundedbeforeWorldWarII,Duringthewar,BritishandAmericanmadeuseofAustralia

toproducevariousammunition,especiallyweapon,sostimulatedthegrowthofthemachinemanufacturingindustry.Theautomobile,airplane,shipbuilding,electronics,motorcycleandagriculturemachineetc..makethemostquickprogressPost-war,Amongthem,themostoutstandingistheautomobilemanufacturingindustry.233.3Chemistryindustry

Inrecentyears,ThechemistryindustrialofAustraliahavedevelopedcomparativequickly.3.4Spinandweaveindustry

ThespinandweaveindustryisoneofthesectionswhichhasthelongesthistoryinAustralia.3.5Foodindustry

FoodindustryisacomparativelylargeindustrysectionofAustralia.244Thetourindustry4.1Thetourresources

Australiaisverybroad,soit’stourresourcesisabundantandcolorful.

SydneyisthebiggestcityandportofAustralia.Sydney254.2ThedevelopmentandthepresentconditionofthetourindustryIntherecenttenyears,thedevelopmentoftravelindustryisveryquick.andthedomestictravelindustryisalsomoreflourishing.大堡礁265Populationandit’sdistribution

Australiaisanationwithwidegroundandlittlepeople.AfterthecolonizationofEnglish,thenamberofimmigrateshadbeenincreasedcontinuously.Australiaisoneofthenationswhichhasthelistpopulationdensityintheworld,thepopulationdistributesveryunbalance,aboutmorethan90%peopledistributeinthesoutheastcoast.276"WalkintoPacificAsiaregion"

AustralianotonlybelongstoOceania,butalsoisanationthatnearAsiaagaininthemeantime,asallplacesinPacificOceaninAsia,justassomeonesaythat"westoftradition,eastofposition",It’sspecialgeographypositioninfluencesthegeographystructureofeconomicsandtrade,also

influencestherelationshipwiththePacificAsiaregion.286.1Thegeographystructureoftheoutwardeconomicsandtraderelationship

ThehighqualityironminestoneoftheAustraliaandthealuminumarefamousintheworld,alsotheexitquantityofthecowmuttonisfirstintheworld.EnglandisthemaintradingpartnerofAustraliainthehistory.296.2Theactivememberof"thePacificAsiaregion"

AustraliaisamemberofPacificAsiaeconomiccooperationorganization(APFC).ItadjuststhepolicyofAPFCactively,andputforwardthenationalpoliciesthat"facetoAsiaandintegrateAsia".Australiaplaysit’srolesintheworldeconomyactively.

30Section3NewZealandNewZealand

LocatesinthesouthwestofPacificOcean,It’sterritoryisconstitutedbythesouthisland,thenorthislandandsomegroupofislandsesnearby.betweenthetwoislandslocatesthekukStraits.311Thegeographyandweather1.1Thegeography

NorthislandandsouthislandinNewZealandbelongtothewreathPacificOcean,asaresult,therearemanymountainousareasandmound.1.2weatherNewZealandplacesduring34-47,Itisroundedbyseafromalldirections,soitisinfluencedbyoceangreatly,inadditiontoAucklandwhichbelongstosubtropicsweather,otherregionsbelongtomaritimeclimatezone.

322.Theplantandanimal2.1Theplant

ThenaturalforestofNewZealandreaches730×s104hms2,takes27.3%ofthenationaltotallandarea.Thewesternregionofnorthislandandthemountainousofsouthislandarethemainareasthatthenaturalforest

distributes.SymbolizationofNewZealand332.2Animal

NewZealandtookseparationsfromAustraliamainlands,andkeepoffothermainlands,thereforetherereservedsomeancientanimals.343Mineralresources

ThemineralresourcesthatinNewZealandmainlyarecoal,petroleum,naturalgas,iron,gold...etc..354Historyandresidents4.1HistoryofNewZealand

毛利人36

4.2Residents

inNewZealand

Thereareabout384.28myriadpeoplesinNewZealand(inendofin2000),amongthem,theofEuropeanimmigratesis79.6%;Thedescendantofthegrossprofittakes14.5%,mostofthesegatherinthesuburbanarea,liveadestitutelife;TheoverseasChinese,Chinesedescenttakesabout2.25%(Julyin1998);andtherearesomeIndiansandPolynesiaperson.375Economics

TheeconomicsinNewZealanddevelopsquicklywiththeproductoflivestock’sefficientproductionandexportition,Itdependsontheexportingoflivestockproductssotoexchangethefuel,rawmaterial,industrialproductandfood.Inthetotalvalueofproductionexportation,theindustrialproductiontakesmorethan20%.whileuptothepresent,TheagricultureherdingindustryisstilltheeconomicfoundationofNewZealand.

385.1Theagricultureherdingindustry

ThelivestockhusbandryinNewZealandisthepredominantsectionofthenationaleconomy.

TheagricultureherdingindustryeconomyinNewZealandhasthetypicalmodeloftheflourishingcapitalism,itsmainformismanagementofbigagricultureranch.Mechanizationandintensiv