湖北省武漢市江漢區(qū)高二上學(xué)期新起點摸底考試英語試題

江漢區(qū)2022級高二新起點摸底考試英語試卷本試卷共12頁，全卷滿分150分，考試用時120分鐘。★?？荚図樌镒⒁馐马棧?.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將準考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答；用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5個小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthemanprobablydoingnow?A.Doingbusiness.B.Havinganinterview.C.Sharinghisworkingexperience.2.WhywasBensoninthehospitalyesterday?A.Hisbabygotill.B.Helookedafterhisdaughter.C.Hewenttogethismedicine.3.Whatdidthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Tomeetherfriendwithher.B.Todothewoman’swork.C.TomeetTonyforher.4.Whydidn’tJackgetthebook?A.Hewastoobusytogotothelibrary.B.Therewasn’tsuchabookinthelibrary.C.Hedidn’twanttoborrowthebook.5.Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?A.LeavetheshopB.Haveanotherdrink.C.Tastesomehotchocolate.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdidthewomanbuyasherhusband’sbirthdaypresent?A.Atie.B.Ahat.C.Ashirt.7.Whydidtheassistantrefusetohelpthewoman?A.Thewomanlostthereceipt.B.Theitemhadbeenworn.C.Thewomanwasrude.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhatkindofrestaurantistheLotusGarden?A.Indian.B.French.C.Chinese.9.Whereisthemannowprobably?A.InBirmingham.B.InLeeds.C.InSunderland.10HowwillJamesgettoDurham?A.Bycar.B.Bytrain.C.Bybus.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Howdidthemanfindtheapartment?A.FromtheInternet.B.Fromanewspaper.C.Fromafriend.12.Whatdoesthemanwantmost?A.Abiglivingroom.B.Abigkitchen.C.Abigbedroom.13.WhatwillthewomanprobablydothisFriday?A.Entertainsomefriends.B.Paythemanavisit.C.Rentanapartment.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WheredoesMarkusuallyreadnewsnow?A.Inanewspaper.B.Inamagazine.C.OntheInternet.15.Whydidthemachinesurprisethewoman?A.Ithasasmallglasswindow.B.Itcanmakeapizzainashorttime.C.Itoffersfourtypesofpizzasatatime.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemachine?A.Itisquitenecessary.B.Itmightnotbepopular.C.Itwillcertainlysucceed.17.Whatisanadvantageofthemachine?A.The24hourservice.B.Tastypizzamadebyit.C.Thelowproductioncost.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatdidthespeakerdothatmorning?A.Headmiredthesunrise.B.Hecalleduphiswife.C.HewatchedTVnews.19.Wherewasthespeaker’sson?A.Inanothercountry.B.Intown.C.Inthegarden.20.Whatisthespeakertalkingabout?A.Hisfamilylife.B.Ahomefire.C.Anaturaldisaster.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAColorRunatSchoolWhatIsaColorRun?Theeventisusuallyafivekilometeruntimedrun.Participantsaredoused(澆涂上)fromheadtotoeinadifferentcoloredpowderateachkilometermark.ThisactivityinspiredbytheHindufestivalofHoliisperfectforpromotingmunityandhappiness.Acolorrunisafuneventperfectforschools.Itisawaytopromotehealthandactivityamongchildren.Schoolscanchoosewhethertheywanttohostacolorrunbythemselvesorhaveoneorganizedbyaneventorganizer.WhyShouldITakePartinaColorRun?Takingpartinacolorrunwillhelpyouimproveyouroverallphysicalhealth.It’sagreatwaytoburncaloriesandgetout.Youwillalsobeabletomeetnewpeople.HowtoSetUpaSchoolColorRun?TosetupaschoolColorRun,youwillfirstneedtodecidewhattimeyouwantittostart.Then,youwillneedtocontacttheprincipalatyourschool.Theywillthentellyouifthereisenoughspaceavailableatthenamedlocation.Youwillneedtoinformtheclassteachersandincludeinformationinthestudenthandbook.Next,youshouldcontacttheparents/guardiansofthestudentsattheschoolthroughamailedletteroremail.Witheverythinglistedabovepleted,youwillhaveyoureventorganizedandreadytogo!1.WhatdoweknowaboutaColorRun?A.Itseesrunnerscoveredfromheadtotoe. B.ItusedtobeapartofHoli.C.It’sdesignedforschoolsonly D.Itsetsnotimelimit.2.Whatbenefitmaykidsgetfromaschoolcolorrun?A.Betterphysicalhealth. B.Prizemoneyfromtherace.C.Friendshipwiththeprincipal. D.Tshirtswitharainbowpattern.3.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toadvertise. B.Toinform. C.Toentertain. D.Tocriticize.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了彩色賽跑這一運動的規(guī)則、好處以及學(xué)校如何建立彩色賽跑?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theeventisusuallyafivekilometeruntimedrun.(這個項目通常是五公里的不計時賽跑)”可知，彩色賽跑沒有時間限制。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Takingpartinacolorrunwillhelpyouimproveyouroverallphysicalhealth.(參加彩色賽跑將幫助你改善你的整體身體健康)”可知，孩子們可以從學(xué)校的顏色跑中讓身體更健康。故選A。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Theeventisusuallyafivekilometeruntimedrun.Participantsaredoused(澆涂上)fromheadtotoeinadifferentcoloredpowderateachkilometermark.ThisactivityinspiredbytheHindufestivalofHoliisperfectforpromotingmunityandhappiness.(這個項目通常是五公里的不計時賽跑。在每一公里處，參與者從頭到腳都被浸在不同顏色的粉末中。這項活動受到印度胡里節(jié)的啟發(fā)，是促進社區(qū)和幸福的完美活動)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了彩色賽跑這一運動的規(guī)則、好處以及學(xué)校如何建立彩色賽跑?？赏浦?，文章的目的是介紹彩色賽跑。故選B。BSmokingisevenatraditioninChinesecelebrations.Atmywedding,wehandedoutthetraditionalcandiestopeoplewhocame.Ihadsaidtomywife,Ellen,thathandingoutpacketsofcigaretteswaswrong,asitjustencouragedpeopletocontinueadeadlyhabit.“Butit’straditional,”shereplied,“Peoplewouldthinkweweremeanifwedon’t!”O(jiān)vertheyearsI’vebeengivencigarettesasgiftsandhavealwayshandedthemstraightback.ThismightmakemelookungratefulinChineseeyes,butIcan’tunderstandthelogicbehindhandingsomeoneagiftthatwillcausethemtosmellterrible,haveawfulbreath,andevenworse,killthem.ThisyeartheuniversityIworkathastakentheboldstepofmakingtheentirecampus“smokefree”.Asmystudentsareeitherdoctorsdoingpostgraduatesstudies,ormedicalstudentsontheirwaytobeingdoctors,Ithoughttheywouldbeinfavorofsuchamove,butIwaswrong.Manyofthemhaveplainedtomethattheyseethisasdeprivingthemoftheircivilrightsandthattheyshouldbeallowedtosmokewhenandwheretheylike.WhenIpointedouttothemthatcigarettesdoharmnotonlytothosesmokingthemselves,buteventothosebreathinginsecondhandsmoke,theargumentwasdismissedwithawave.“Thosestudiesaren’tconclusive”,onedoctorreplied.“Besides,mygrandmothertoldmethatsmokingismanly.”Tempting(誘人的)asitwastoaskifshewasalsoadoctor,Ilettheargumentgoandwentoffinsearchofsomefreshair.4.Whichofthefollowingisaconsequenceofsmokingaccordingtotheauthor?A.Itwillleaveyoubreathless. B.Peoplebelieveyouaremean.C.Peoplethinkyouareungrateful. D.Itwillmakeyoursmellunpleasant.5.Whatattitudedomanyoftheauthor’sstudentshavetowardstheentirecampus“smokefree”?A.Objective. B.Unconcerned. C.Negative. D.Positive.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“depriving”inparagraph3mean?A.Robbing. B.Accusing. C.Informing. D.Reminding.7.Inwhichcolumnofanewspaperisthistextprobablyfound?A.Technology. B.Entertainment. C.Art. D.Life.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者講述了他自己對于吸煙及把香煙作為禮物送給別人的看法，并介紹了他在他們學(xué)校發(fā)起的一個無煙校園運動?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“...butIcan’tunderstandthelogicbehindhandingsomeoneagiftthatwillcausethemtosmellterrible,haveawfulbreath,andevenworse,killthem.(但我不明白送別人一個這樣的禮物背后的邏輯，這個禮物會讓他們聞起來很難聞，有難聞的口氣，更糟糕的是還會害死他們)”可知，作者認為吸煙會使人散發(fā)難聞氣味是吸煙帶來的一個后果。故選D項。5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Asmystudentsareeitherdoctorsdoingpostgraduatesstudies,ormedicalstudentsontheirwaytobeingdoctors,Ithoughttheywouldbeinfavorofsuchamove,butIwaswrong.Manyofthemhaveplainedtomethattheyseethisasdeprivingthemoftheircivilrightsandthattheyshouldbeallowedtosmokewhenandwheretheylike.(由于我的學(xué)生要么是在讀研究生的醫(yī)生，要么是即將成為醫(yī)生的醫(yī)學(xué)生，我以為他們會贊成這樣的舉動，但我錯了。他們中的許多人向我抱怨說，他們認為這剝奪了他們的公民權(quán)利，他們應(yīng)該被允許在他們喜歡的時間和地點吸煙)”可知，他的學(xué)生們對他這一做法是否定態(tài)度的。故選C項?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文“ThisyeartheuniversityIworkathastakentheboldstepofmakingtheentirecampus“smokefree”.Asmystudentsareeitherdoctorsdoingpostgraduatesstudies,ormedicalstudentsontheirwaytobeingdoctors,Ithoughttheywouldbeinfavorofsuchamove,butIwaswrong.Manyofthemhaveplainedtome...(今年，我所在的大學(xué)邁出了大膽的一步，使整個校園“無煙”。由于我的學(xué)生要么是在讀研究生的醫(yī)生，要么是即將成為醫(yī)生的醫(yī)學(xué)生，我以為他們會贊成這樣的舉動，但我錯了。他們中的許多人向我抱怨...)”及下文“thattheyshouldbeallowedtosmokewhenandwheretheylike.(他們應(yīng)該被允許在他們喜歡的時間和地點吸煙)”可知，這些學(xué)生認為他們應(yīng)該被允許隨意吸煙，所以他們會認為我的做法是對他們權(quán)利的剝奪，由此可知劃線詞的意思和rob意義相近。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“SmokingisevenatraditioninChinesecelebrations.Atmywedding,wehandedoutthetraditionalcandiestopeoplewhocame.Ihadsaidtomywife,Ellen,thathandingoutpacketsofcigaretteswaswrong,asitjustencouragedpeopletocontinueadeadlyhabit.“Butit’straditional,”shereplied,“Peoplewouldthinkweweremeanifwedon’t!”(吸煙甚至是中國人慶祝活動中的一個傳統(tǒng)。在我的婚禮上，我們把傳統(tǒng)的糖果分發(fā)給來參加婚禮的人。我曾對我的妻子艾倫說過，分發(fā)香煙是錯誤的，因為這只會鼓勵人們繼續(xù)這個致命的習(xí)慣。她回答說：‘但這是傳統(tǒng)，如果我們不這么做，人們會認為我們很吝嗇!’)”并結(jié)合全文可知，本文從自己生活及工作中的吸煙問題闡述事實及自己的觀點。由此可知，本文主題不是娛樂，科技或藝術(shù)，應(yīng)該是生活欄目。故選D項。CRobotsinspacewillbeextracting(提取)goldfromasteroids(小行星)withintenyearsifanewprojectbackedbyaSiliconValleybillionairegoesasplanned.PeterDiamandis,thefounderofPlanetaryResources,saidthepanyattemptstomaketheresourcesofspaceavailabletohumanity.Theinitialstage,tobeachievedinthenext18to24months,istolaunchaseriesofprivatetelescopeswhichwillorbitEarth.Thesewillbeusedtosearchfortherighttypeofasteroids.TheplanistousemerciallybuiltroboticshipstoextractrocketfuelandvaluablemineralsfromtherocksthatregularlypassbyEarth.Diamandispredictsthattheycouldhavetheirversionofaspacebasedpetrolstationupandrunningby2025.Severalscientistsnotinvolvedintheprojectarguedthattheprojectwasdaring,difficultandverypricey.Theydonotseehowitcouldbecosteffective.ButthefounderofPlanetaryResourceshasatrackrecordofprofitingfromspaceexplorationbusiness.Diamandiswasthefirstpersontosellridesintospacetotourists.“Beforewestartedlaunchingpeopleintospaceasprivatecitizens,peoplethoughtthatwasaridiculousidea,”Diamandissaid.“Thisisalongtermproject.Butit’snotacharity.We’llmakemoney.”Theideathatasteroidscouldbeminedforresourceshasbeenaroundforyears.Thereareprobably1,500asteroidsthatpassnearEarththatwouldbegoodinitialtargets.Theyareatleast50meterswide,andDiamandisfigurestenpercentofthemhavewaterandothervaluableminerals.RichardBinzel,ProfessorofPlanetaryScienceattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,says,“Theideamightbemanydecadesaheadofitstime.Butyouhavetostartsomewhereasitmightofferanewperspectiveofsavingtheearthfrombeingoverexplored.”8.Whatissupposedtobethefirststepoftheproject?A.LaunchingrobotsintoEarthorbit. B.Sendingsometelescopesintospace.C.Buildingaspacebasedpetrolstation. D.Usingroboticshipstoextractrocketfuel.9.HowdidDiamandisusetomakemoneyfromspaceexplorationbusiness?A.Byextractinggoldfromasteroids. B.Byprovidingspacetravelsfortourists.C.Bybeingthefirstpersontorideintospace. D.Bysellingticketstoscetourists'ridesintospace.10.WhatdoesRichardBinzelthinkoftheproject?A.Itisrisky. B.Itisplex. C.Itisworthwhile. D.Itisdemanding.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.MiningAsteroids B.HumansandAsteroidsC.SpaceExplorationinProgress D.TheProjectofExtractingMinerals【答案】8.B9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹一個新的項目，計劃從小行星上提取黃金等寶貴的礦物質(zhì)和燃料?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theinitialstage,tobeachievedinthenext18to24months,istolaunchaseriesofprivatetelescopeswhichwillorbitEarth.(最初階段將在未來18至24個月內(nèi)實現(xiàn)，將發(fā)射一系列私人望遠鏡，繞地球運行)”可知，項目的最初階段是往太空發(fā)射一系列私人望遠鏡。故選B。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Diamandiswasthefirstpersontosellridesintospacetotourists.“Beforewestartedlaunchingpeopleintospaceasprivatecitizens,peoplethoughtthatwasaridiculousidea,”Diamandissaid.“Thisisalongtermproject.Butit’snotacharity.We’llmakemoney.”(迪亞曼迪斯是第一個向游客出售太空游樂設(shè)施的人。迪亞曼迪斯說：“在我們開始將人們作為普通公民送入太空之前，人們認為這是一個荒謬的想法。這是一個長期項目。但它不是慈善機構(gòu)。我們會賺錢的?！?”可知，迪亞曼迪斯以前通過把游客送入太空旅行來獲取利益。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“RichardBinzel,ProfessorofPlanetaryScienceattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,says,“Theideamightbemanydecadesaheadofitstime.Butyouhavetostartsomewhereasitmightofferanewperspectiveofsavingtheearthfrombeingoverexplored.”(麻省理工學(xué)院行星科學(xué)教授RichardBinzel說：“這個想法可能比它的時代早了幾十年。但你必須從某個地方開始，因為它可能會為拯救地球提供一個新的視角，使其免于被過度探索?！?”可推知，RichardBinzel認為這個新的項目是值得開發(fā)的。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Robotsinspacewillbeextracting(提取)goldfromasteroids(小行星)withintenyearsifanewprojectbackedbyaSiliconValleybillionairegoesasplanned.PeterDiamandis,thefounderofPlanetaryResources,saidthepanyattemptstomaketheresourcesofspaceavailabletohumanity.(如果一位硅谷億萬富翁支持的新項目按計劃進行，太空機器人將在十年內(nèi)從小行星中提取黃金。行星資源公司創(chuàng)始人PeterDiamandis表示，該公司試圖為人類提供太空資源)”和第二段“TheplanistousemerciallybuiltroboticshipstoextractrocketfuelandvaluablemineralsfromtherocksthatregularlypassbyEarth.(該計劃是使用商業(yè)建造的機器人船從經(jīng)常經(jīng)過地球的巖石中提取火箭燃料和寶貴的礦物)”可知，這篇文章主要介紹一個新的項目，計劃從小行星上提取黃金等寶貴的礦物質(zhì)和燃料。故選A。DWheredogreatmusicians,greatmathematiciansandgreatsportspeoplegettheirtalent?Fordecadesnow,wehaveassumedthatmostofthemaresimplybornwithatalentthatordinarypeopledonothave.WhenbaseballlegendTedWilliamsclaimedthathisachievementhadnothingtodowithnaturalabilitybutweretheresultofpractice,practice,practice,peopleassumedthathewasmerelybeingmodest.Butscientistsnowbelievethattherewasagooddealoftruthinwhathesaid.Throughoutthelastcentury,itwasacceptedthatweinherit（繼承）manyofourcharacteristicsfromourparentsviatheirDNA,thateachofusinheritsafixedamountofintelligenceafixedIQ,andthatmostofusaretobeordinary.Butnowitisacceptedthatourgenesinteractwiththeirsurroundings,gettingturnedonandoffallthetime.“Therearenogeneticfactorsthatcanbestudiedindependentlyoftheenvironment,”explainsMichaelMeaneyofMcGillUniversity.“Andtherearenoenvironmentalfactorsthatfunctionindependentlyofourgenes.Theyworkalongsideeachother.”Howdoesthisviewoftheroleofgeneschangeourunderstandingofindividualtalentandabilities?Doesitnowmeanthatgenesdon’tmatter,andthatweallhavethepotentialtobelike,say,LionelMessiorLebronJames?Suchaclaimfliesinthefaceofreason.Thegenesweinheritclearlymatter,asdogeneticdifferencesbetweenindividuals.ButitisalsotruethatLionelMessiwouldnothavebeethesuperfootballerheis,norLebronJamesabasketballsuperstar,withoutputtinginthousandsofhoursofpractice.Theycouldhaveturnedoutentirelydifferentpeople.TalentresearcherKevinRathundeagrees.“Highacademicachieversarenotnecessarilybornmuchsmarterthanothersbutgenesdocount,”hewritesinhisbookTalentedTeenagers,“andabovealltheyusuallyworkharderanddevelopmoreselfdiscipline.”12.WhatdidTedWilliamsthinkledtohissuccess?A.Hisnaturaltalent. B.Hisfullmitment.C.Hismodestpersonality. D.Hisextraordinaryintelligence.13.Whatdidwewidelybelieveduringthe20century?A.IntelligencehaslittletodowithDNA.B.Ourgenesinteractwithourenvironment.C.Themajorityofusareofaverageintelligence.D.OurcharacterissimplydecidedbyinheritedDNA.14.Whydoestheauthormention“LionelMessi”and“LebronJames”inparagraph3?A.Toclarifyapoint. B.Toillustratearule.C.Toofferasolution. D.Tomakeaprediction.15.WhichstatementwillKevinRathundeprobablyagreewith?A.Mostofusareborntobeaveragepersons.B.Wecouldallbegeniusesifworkinghardenough.C.Genetiefactorsaremoreimportantthanhardwork.D.Greattalentisabinationofgenesandpractice.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。講述了一人的基因?qū)θ说奶熨x起到作用，但是周圍的環(huán)境和后天的努力也會有影響?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“WhenbaseballlegendTedWilliamsclaimedthathisachievementhadnothingtodowithnaturalabilitybutweretheresultofpractice,practice,practice,peopleassumedthathewasmerelybeingmodest.(當棒球傳奇人物泰德·威廉姆斯聲稱他的成就與天賦無關(guān)，而是練習(xí)、練習(xí)、再練習(xí)的結(jié)果時，人們以為他只是謙虛而已)”可知，泰德·威廉姆斯認為是他的努力導(dǎo)致了他的成功，也就是他的全身心的投入。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Throughoutthelastcentury,itwasacceptedthatweinherit（繼承）manyofourcharacteristicsfromourparentsviatheirDNA,thateachofusinheritsafixedamountofintelligenceafixedIQ,andthatmostofusaretobeordinary.(在上個世紀，人們普遍認為，我們通過DNA從父母那里繼承了許多特征，我們每個人都繼承了固定的智力——固定的智商，我們大多數(shù)人都是平凡的)”可知，在20世紀，我們普遍相信我們大多數(shù)人的智力一般。故選C項。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Howdoesthisviewoftheroleofgeneschangeourunderstandingofindividualtalentandabilities?Doesitnowmeanthatgenesdon’tmatter,andthatweallhavethepotentialtobelike,say,LionelMessiorLebronJames?Suchaclaimfliesinthefaceofreason.Thegenesweinheritclearlymatter,asdogeneticdifferencesbetweenindividuals.ButitisalsotruethatLionelMessiwouldnothavebeethesuperfootballerheis,norLebronJamesabasketballsuperstar,withoutputtinginthousandsofhoursofpractice.(這種關(guān)于基因作用的觀點如何改變我們對個人天賦和能力的理解?這是否意味著基因不重要，我們都有成為萊昂內(nèi)爾·梅西或勒布朗·詹姆斯那樣的潛力?這樣的說法完全違背理性。我們遺傳的基因顯然很重要，個體之間的基因差異也很重要。但同樣不可否認的是，如果沒有成千上萬小時的訓(xùn)練，萊昂內(nèi)爾?梅西(LionelMessi)就不會成為現(xiàn)在的超級足球運動員，勒布朗?詹姆斯(LebronJames)也不會成為籃球巨星)”可知，作者提到“萊昂內(nèi)爾·梅西”和“勒布朗·詹姆斯”是為了闡明一個觀點。故選A項。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“TalentresearcherKevinRathundeagrees.“Highacademicachieversarenotnecessarilybornmuchsmarterthanothersbutgenesdocount,”hewritesinhisbookTalentedTeenagers,“andabovealltheyusuallyworkharderanddevelopmoreselfdiscipline.”(人才研究人員KevinRathunde對此表示贊同。他在《天才少年》一書中寫道:“學(xué)業(yè)成績優(yōu)異人不一定天生就比別人聰明，但基因確實很重要。最重要的是，他們通常更努力學(xué)習(xí)，更自律?！?”可知，KevinRathunde認為偉大的才能是基因和實踐的結(jié)合。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whenitestomoney,theworld’sluckiestwomanappearstobea63yearoldAmericancalledJoanGinther.Shehasmanagedtowinthejackpot(頭獎)fourtimes.____16____Expertssaythatthechancesofwinningthismuchareextremelysmall.Mrs.Ginther’sfirstwinwasin1993whenshewonhalfofthe$11millionfirstprizeoftheTexasLottery(彩票).Therestofhermoneyhasefromscratch(刮)cards.Youscratchthesecardstoexposeifyouhaveawinningcode.Theyareverypopular,butnotmanypeoplewhobuythemwinanything.However,Mrs.Gintherwon$2millionfromaHolidayMillionairescratchcardin2006andthenshewonanother$3millionfromaMillionsandMillionsscratchcardin2008.____17____Asaresultofthesewins,theTimesMarketinBishop,whereMrs.Gintherboughthercard,hasbeeverypopular.____18____Theshopalsoreceivescallsfrompeopletryingtopurchasescratchcardsoverthephoneeventhoughtheylivefaraway.However,notmuchisknownaboutMrs.Ginther.____19____Evenherneighbourshaveverylittletosayabouther.SheisnowrarelyseeninBishopbecauseshemovedawayandshenowlivesinLasVegas.SunBae,theownerofTimesMarket,remembersthatMrs.Gintherboughtanewcarforoneofthetownresidents,eventhoughsheherselfdrivesaroundinanoldcar.____20____AndsheboughthernewhomeinLasVegasandshedonatedheroldhomeinBishoptocharity.“Shehashelpedsomanypeople,”Mrs.Baesaid.A.Thattime,thecardwon$10million.B.Intotal,shehaswonover$20million!C.Obviously,herprivatelifeisveryimportanttoher.D.Additionally,shealsoboughtavanforthelocalchurch.E.Sosheisperhapsasluckywithcardsaswiththelottery.F.Heransweringmachinesays,“Pleasedonotleaveamessage.”G.Thereareoftenlongqueuesoutsidetheshopandalongtheroadnearby.【答案】16.B17.E18.G19.C20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了世界上最幸運的女人——63歲的美國人JoanGinther的故事，她中了4次頭獎，總共贏了2000多萬美元，不過她獨來獨往，為社區(qū)做了很多好事?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Shehasmanagedtowinthejackpot(頭獎)fourtimes.(她已經(jīng)四次中頭獎了)”及下文提到的所有獎金數(shù)額可知，B.Intotal,shehaswonover$20million!(她總共贏了2000多萬美元！)能夠銜接上文，符合語境。故選B。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Mrs.Ginther’sfirstwinwasin1993whenshewonhalfofthe$11millionfirstprizeoftheTexasLottery(彩票).Therestofhermoneyhasefromscratch(刮)cards.(Ginther夫人的第一次中獎是在1993年，當時她贏得了德克薩斯州彩票1100萬美元頭獎的一半。她其余的錢都來自刮刮卡)”及“Theyareverypopular,butnotmanypeoplewhobuythemwinanything.However,Mrs.Gintherwon$2millionfromaHolidayMillionairescratchcardin2006andthenshewonanother$3millionfromaMillionsandMillionsscratchcardin2008.(它們很受歡迎，但買它們的人并沒有贏得什么。然而，Ginther夫人在2006年從“假日百萬富翁”刮刮卡中贏得了200萬美元，然后在2008年又從“百萬和百萬”刮刮卡中贏得了300萬美元)”可知，Ginther夫人不僅從彩票中贏得大筆錢，玩刮刮卡時，運氣也超級好。由此可知，E.Sosheisperhapsasluckywithcardsaswiththelottery.(因此，她玩刮刮卡的運氣可能和買彩票一樣好)能夠銜接上文，符合語境。故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Asaresultofthesewins,theTimesMarketinBishop,whereMrs.Gintherboughthercard,hasbeeverypopular.(這些勝利的結(jié)果是，Ginther夫人買卡片的地方——畢肖普市的時報市場變得非常受歡迎)”可知，因為Ginther夫人老中獎，Ginther夫人買刮刮卡的市場變得非常受歡迎，因此應(yīng)該有很多人去買刮刮卡。由此可知，G.Thereareoftenlongqueuesoutsidetheshopandalongtheroadnearby.(商店外面和附近的路上經(jīng)常排著長隊)能夠銜接上文，符合語境。故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“However,notmuchisknownaboutMrs.(然而，人們對金瑟夫人知之甚少)”及下文“Evenherneighbourshaveverylittletosayabouther.SheisnowrarelyseeninBishopbecauseshemovedawayandshenowlivesinLasVegas.(就連她的鄰居也很少談起她。她現(xiàn)在很少在畢夏普露面了，因為她搬走了，現(xiàn)在住在拉斯維加斯)”可知，Ginther夫人很低調(diào)，人們對她知之甚少。由此可知，C.Obviously,herprivatelifeisveryimportanttoher.(顯然，她的私人生活對她來說非常重要)能夠承上啟下，符合語境。故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“SunBae,theownerofTimesMarket,remembersthatMrs.Gintherboughtanewcarforoneofthetownresidents,eventhoughsheherselfdrivesaroundinanoldcar.(時代市場的老板SunBae記得，金瑟爾夫人為鎮(zhèn)上的一位居民買了一輛新車，盡管她自己開的是一輛舊車)”和“AndsheboughthernewhomeinLasVegasandshedonatedheroldhomeinBishoptocharity.“Shehashelpedsomanypeople,”Mrs.Baesaid.(她在拉斯維加斯買了新家，并將畢曉普的舊家捐給了慈善機構(gòu)?！八龓椭撕芏嗳?，”Bae說)”可知，Ginther夫人開始用她的錢做好事。由此可知，D.Additionally,shealsoboughtavanforthelocalchurch.(此外，她還為當?shù)亟烫觅I了一輛面包車)繼續(xù)講述她的善行，能夠銜接上文，符合語境。故選D。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C,D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Ilovewildlife.Sowhenmyfriendsaidthatwehadachanceto____21____brownbearsintheHighTatras,Ididn’tthinktwiceaboutit,andwe____22____arrangementstogothefollowingweek.Thetripwasagreat___23___!Wewalkedforhoursandstayedina____24____mountainhut(小屋)whichwasusuallyreservedforparkrangers.Itactuallytookussometroubleeventolocateit.Assoonaswearrived,ourguide____25____tousthatwewouldbefullyintegrated(融入)intotheirresearchprogrammeandwouldbetrackingthe____26____ofbearswearingGPStransmitters.Onthefirstday,wewerewokenupatsunriseand,after____27____somewarmclothes,setoffintotheforest.Ourguidewalkedvery____28____andwehadtroublekeepingupwithhim.Suddenlyhe____29____acrossasmallhill.Hemusthavecaughtsightofabear.Wefollowedhimasfastaswecould,butbythetimewereachedhim,thebearhad_____30_____intothebushes.Laterintheweek,though,wedidmanagetoobserveseveralbearsfeedingonberries.Weweresoexcited.Yet,_____31_____hurryingtotakephotos,we_____32_____ourbreath,stayedabout30metersawayandjustwatchedthem.Ourguideinsistedthatweshouldkeepour_____33_____fromthebearssoasnotto_____34_____them.Observingbearsintheirnaturalhabitat(棲息地)wasreally_____35_____.Ihadneverexperiencedanythinglikethatbefore.IfIhadn’thadtogobacktoschool,Iwouldhappilyhavestayedonforseveralmoreweeks.21.A.hunt B.feed C.protect D.track22.A.made B.changed C.cancelled D.quit23.A.deal B.danger C.success D.regret24.A.safe B.fortable C.remote D.beautiful25.A.remended B.explained C.admitted D.reported26.A.habits B.leftovers C.photos D.movements27.A.throwingon B.tidyingup C.pavingfor D.takingoff28.A.cautiously B.rapidly C.steadily D.casually29.A.moved B.wandered C.paced D.dashed30.A.disappeared B.looked C.broken D.turned31.A.dueto B.insteadof C.apartfrom D.asfor32.A.drew B.held C.released D.caught33.A.intention B.fear C.bravery D.distance34.A.attack B.train C.disturb D.feed35.A.fascinating B.boring C.exhausting D.challenging【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.C25.B26.D27.A28.B29.D30.A31.B32.B33.D34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述作者和朋友一起去上塔特拉山（HighTatras）追蹤棕熊的經(jīng)歷，他認為這次旅行很有趣?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，當我的朋友說我們有機會在上塔特拉山追蹤棕熊時，我毫不猶豫地安排在下周去。A.hunt捕獵；B.feed喂養(yǎng)；C.protect保護；D.track追蹤。根據(jù)下文“tracking”可知，作者和朋友是要去山上追蹤看棕熊。故選D。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：見第1題。A.made做；B.changed改變；C.cancelled取消；D.quit放棄。根據(jù)下文“arrangementstogothefollowingweek.”可知，這里指作者他們?yōu)榱巳ド缴献粉欁匦茏隽艘恍┯媱澓桶才?。故選A。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這次旅行非常成功！A.deal交易；B.danger危險；C.success成功；D.regret遺憾。根據(jù)下文“Ihadneverexperiencedanythinglikethatbefore.IfIhadn’thadtogobacktoschool,Iwouldhappilyhavestayedonforseveralmoreweeks.”可知，作者對這次旅行非常滿意。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們走了幾個小時，住在一個偏遠的山間小屋里，這個小屋通常是為公園管理員保留的。A.safe安全的；B.fortable舒服的；C.remote遙遠的；D.beautiful美麗的。根據(jù)上文“Wewalkedforhours”可知，這是他們步行幾個小時才到的地方，所以應(yīng)該是離得很遠。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們一到達，導(dǎo)游就向我們解釋說，我們將完全融入他們的研究計劃，并將佩戴GPS發(fā)射器跟蹤熊的運動。A.remended推薦；B.explained解釋；C.admitted承認；D.reported報道。根據(jù)下文“tousthatwewouldbefullyintegrated(融入)intotheirresearchprogrammeandwouldbetrackingthe____6____ofbearswearingGPStransmitters.”可知，這是導(dǎo)游向作者他們解釋的具體安排。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：見第5題。A.habits習(xí)慣；B.leftovers剩余物；C.photos照片；D.movements移動。根據(jù)下文“ofbearswearingGPStransmitters”可知，他們佩戴GPS發(fā)射器應(yīng)該是跟蹤熊的運動。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：第一天，我們在日出時被叫醒，穿上暖和的衣服后，出發(fā)去了森林。A.throwingon匆匆穿上；B.tidyingup整理；C.pavingfor為…鋪路；D.takingoff起飛。根據(jù)上文“wewerewokenupatsunrise”可知，這里指作者他們早上醒來之后的行為，應(yīng)該是穿上暖和的衣服。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的向?qū)ё叩煤芸?，我們很難跟上他。A.cautiously謹慎地；B.rapidly快速地；C.steadily穩(wěn)定地；D.casually隨意地。根據(jù)下文“wehadtroublekeepingupwithhim”可知，作者他們很難跟上向?qū)?，所以他?yīng)該是走得很快。故選B。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：突然他沖過一座小山。A.moved移動；B.wandered想知道；C.paced調(diào)整節(jié)奏；D.dashed沖。根據(jù)上文“Ourguidewalkedvery____8____andwehadtroublekeepingupwithhim.”可知，向?qū)ё叩煤芸?，所以?yīng)該是沖過一座小山。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們以最快的速度跟著他，但當我們到達他身邊時，熊已經(jīng)消失在灌木叢中。A.disappeared消失；B.looked看；C.br