佛山市2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期7月期末英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

第24頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)佛山市2023～2024學(xué)年下學(xué)期普通高中教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高二英語(yǔ)2024.7注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、班級(jí)、姓名、考生號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）第一節(jié)聽(tīng)力理解（共6小題；每小題2分，滿分12分）材料及問(wèn)題播放兩遍。每段后有三個(gè)小題，各段播放前有5秒鐘的閱題時(shí)間。請(qǐng)根據(jù)各段播放內(nèi)容及其相關(guān)小題的問(wèn)題，在5秒鐘內(nèi)從題中所給的A、B、C項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。聽(tīng)第一段材料，回答第1～3題。材料和問(wèn)題讀兩遍。1.Question1:(錄音)A.DoingTaiChi.B.PracticingBaDuanJin.C.TakingaChineseclass.2.Question2:(錄音)A.Playbasketball.B.Registerforaclass.C.Attendatabletennismatch.3.Question3:(錄音)A.Interested.B.Confident.C.Hesitant.聽(tīng)第二段材料，回答第4～6題。材料和問(wèn)題讀兩遍。4.Question4:(錄音)A.ChineseArt.B.Design.C.Philosophy.5.Question5:(錄音)A.Toinspiremorestudents.B.Toholdmoreartexhibitions.C.Tomixmodernwithtraditional.6.Question6:(錄音)A.InBeijing.B.InShanghai.C.InChongqing.第二節(jié)回答問(wèn)題（共4小題；每小題2分，滿分8分）聽(tīng)下面一段材料，然后回答問(wèn)題。材料和問(wèn)題讀兩遍，讀完每個(gè)問(wèn)題后你將有10秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。7.Question7:(錄音)Answer:_______________________________________8.Question8:(錄音)Answer:_______________________________________9.Question9:(錄音)Answer:_______________________________________10.Question10:(錄音)Answer:_______________________________________第二部分閱讀（共三節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AInthe40yearsafterEdmundHilaryandTenzingNorgayfirstreachedthetopofMountEverest(珠穆朗瑪)in1953,anaverageof12peopleayearfollowedintheirfootsteps.In2023,morethan1,200peopleattemptedtheclimb.High-techequipmentandbetterunderstandingofthephysicalimpactofhighaltitudes(海拔)havebroughtnewhopefulstoEverest.ButWillCockrell,inhisnewbookEverest.Inc,arguesthattheprimaryreasonistheestablishmentofaprofessionalguidingindustry.TheguidingindustryexistsmainlybecauseofDickBass.Bass,whomadeafortuneinoil,boughthiswayontothreedifferentEverestexpeditions(探險(xiǎn))and,in1985,aged55,hebecameboththeoldestandleastexperiencedclimbertoreachthetop.Thesightofanordinarypersonontopoftheworldgeneratedtheestablishmentofcompaniestomeetthenewdemandfortours.Theearlyyearsofguidedexpeditionsinthe1990sweresuccessful.In1992-95,around150peoplepaidtobeledupthemountain,andathirdsucceeded.Duringa1995expedition,astormstruck.Theguides,eagerfortheirclientstoreachthetop,delayedturningthemaround.Threeguidesandtwoclimbersdied.Oneoftheclimbers,JonKrakauer,criticizedthejudgmentoftheguidesandtheselfishnessofinexperiencedclimbersinhisbookIntoThinAir.Manybusinessesassumedthatthebookwoulddestroythem.However,interestinEverestskyrocketed.In2014,16guideswereburiedbyfallingicewhiletransportingclients’equipment.Then,in2015,anavalanche(雪崩)killedtenguidesandnineclients.Asaresult,manyWesterncompanieslosttheirenthusiasmforEverest.Everest.Incendsonaconfusingnote.Morepeoplearereachingthetop,butmorearedyingontheway,too:18peoplediedin2023,thehighest-evernumber.“Expertsknowmorethaneverabouthowtoguideclientstoclimbsafely.Butthatdoesnotmakeitasafeplace,”saidCockrell.1.WhatcontributestotherisingpopularityofEverestclimbingaccordingtoCockrell?A.Theappearanceofgrouptourism.B.Theunderstandingofthemountain.C.Thestudyonhumanphysicalabilities.D.Thedevelopmentoftheguidingindustry.2.WhatdoweknowaboutDickBass’ssuccessinreachingthetopofEverest?A.Itenabledhimtomakeafortune.B.Itboosteddemandforguidedtours.C.Itprovedthelimitsofthehumanbody.D.Itmarkedthestartofnatureexpeditions.3.Whatisparagraph4mainlyaboutconcerningguidedexpeditions?A.Theinitialsuccess. B.Thepubliccriticism.C.Theclimbingaccidents. D.Thephysicalchallenges.4Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Everest,Inc:AGuidetoEverestExpeditionB.ReachingtheTop:OpportunitiesandChallengesC.UpsandDowns:TheStoryofExpeditionPioneersD.ClimbingEverest:IncreasingPopularityandDeaths【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了隨著越來(lái)越多的人攀登珠穆朗瑪峰，也有越來(lái)越多的人死于途中?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ButWillCockrell,inhisnewbookEverest.Inc,arguesthattheprimaryreasonistheestablishmentofaprofessionalguidingindustry.(但是WillCockrell在他的新書(shū)《珠穆朗瑪峰公司》中認(rèn)為其主要原因是專業(yè)向?qū)袠I(yè)的崛起。)”可知，WillCockrell認(rèn)為攀登珠穆朗瑪峰熱度上升的原因是專業(yè)向?qū)袠I(yè)的興起。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thesightofanordinarypersonontopoftheworldgeneratedtheestablishmentofcompaniestomeetthenewdemandfortours.(一個(gè)普通人登上世界之巔的景象催生了公司的成立，以滿足新的旅游需求。)”可知，DickBass成功登頂促進(jìn)了導(dǎo)游旅行的需求。故選B。【3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段首句“Theearlyyearsofguidedexpeditionsinthe1990sweresuccessful.(20世紀(jì)90年代早期的向?qū)诫U(xiǎn)是成功的。)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述了早期向?qū)诫U(xiǎn)的成功。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Morepeoplearereachingthetop,butmorearedyingontheway,too(越來(lái)越多的人登上頂峰，但也有更多的人在途中死亡)”可知，本文主要講述了攀登珠穆朗瑪峰熱度的興起以及攀登途中造成的死亡事件，所以D項(xiàng)“攀登珠穆朗瑪峰：人氣上升和死亡人數(shù)增加”最適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選D。公眾號(hào)：高中試卷君BFeelingburnedoutandlookingforreasonstoworkless?Anewstudyshowsthatworkingnightsandvolatile(不穩(wěn)定的)schedulesinyoungadulthoodcanleaveyoutosufferfromdepressionandpoorhealthinmiddleage.Theresearchexaminedtheworkschedulesandsleeppatternsofmorethan7,000Americansoverthreedecades,fromtheagesof22through50.Tothesurpriseofthestudy’sauthor,NewYorkUniversityprofessorWen-JuiHan,onlyone-quarteroftheparticipantsworkedtraditionaldaytimehours.Theremainderworkedvariablehours.Thosewithvolatileworkschedulesreportedagreaterlikelihoodofpoorhealthanddepressionatage50thanthosewithmorestableschedules.“Ourworknowismakingussickandpoor,”Hansaidinaninterview.“Workissupposedtoallowustoacquireresources.But,foralotofpeople,theirworkdoesn’tallowthemtodoso.Theyactuallybecomemoreandmoremiserable(悲慘的)overtime.”Dr.AlysonMyers,aprofessorattheAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine,appreciatedthenewstudy’sfocusontheconnectionbetweenworkschedules,sleepandpoorhealth.Thestudyfindingsconfirmedwhatsheseesinmanyofherdiabetes(糖尿病)patients,whooftengetnomorethanfivehoursofsleepaftertheyworknightshifts.ManyoftheparticipantsinHan’sstudywhohadvolatileworkschedulestendedtohavepart-timejobs,insomecasesmultiplepart-timejobs.“Unfortunately,”Myerssaid,“thetrendforalotofthesepeopleisthattheyhavetoworkmorethanonejobtosurvive.”Hanwouldlikeherresearchtopromoteconversationsaboutwaysofprovidingresourcestohelppeopleliveahappyandhealthylifewhenthey’redog-tiredbothphysicallyandemotionallybecauseoftheirwork.5.WhatdoesHan’sstudymainlytellus?A.Thesignificanceofahealthylifestyle.B.Therisingtrendofworkingvariablehours.C.Thelong-termeffectsofunstableworkschedules.D.Somepracticalapproachestodealingwithdepression.6.WhatisMyers’sattitudetopeoplewithvolatileworkschedules?A.Understanding. B.Unconcerned. C.Doubtful. D.Critical.7.WhatisHan’sexpectationofherresearch?A.Toprovideresourcesforthepoor.B.Tohelpimprovepeople’swell-being.C.Toraiseawarenessofhealthylifestyles.D.Toinitiatedialoguesbetweenemployees.【答案】5.C6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究，表明在年輕的時(shí)候上夜班和不穩(wěn)定的時(shí)間表到中年時(shí)會(huì)患上抑郁癥且健康狀況不佳?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Anewstudyshowsthatworkingnightsandvolatile(不穩(wěn)定的)schedulesinyoungadulthoodcanleaveyoutosufferfromdepressionandpoorhealthinmiddleage.(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，在年輕的時(shí)候上夜班和不穩(wěn)定的時(shí)間表會(huì)讓你在中年時(shí)患上抑郁癥且健康狀況不佳。)”第二段中“Thosewithvolatileworkschedulesreportedagreaterlikelihoodofpoorhealthanddepressionatage50thanthosewithmorestableschedules.(那些工作時(shí)間不穩(wěn)定的人在50歲時(shí)比那些工作時(shí)間穩(wěn)定的人更有可能出現(xiàn)健康狀況不佳和抑郁。)”可知，Han的研究主要告訴我們不穩(wěn)定的工作時(shí)間表的長(zhǎng)期影響。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Dr.AlysonMyers,aprofessorattheAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine,appreciatedthenewstudy’sfocusontheconnectionbetweenworkschedules,sleepandpoorhealth.Thestudyfindingsconfirmedwhatsheseesinmanyofherdiabetes(糖尿病)patients,whooftengetnomorethanfivehoursofsleepaftertheyworknightshifts.(AlbertEinstein醫(yī)學(xué)院教授AlysonMyers博士對(duì)這項(xiàng)新研究對(duì)工作安排、睡眠和健康狀況不佳之間關(guān)系的關(guān)注表示贊賞。研究結(jié)果證實(shí)了她在許多糖尿病患者身上看到的情況，這些患者在上夜班后通常睡眠時(shí)間不超過(guò)五個(gè)小時(shí)。)”可知，Myers對(duì)那些工作時(shí)間不穩(wěn)定的人是同情體諒的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Hanwouldlikeherresearchtopromoteconversationsaboutwaysofprovidingresourcestohelppeopleliveahappyandhealthylifewhenthey’redog-tiredbothphysicallyandemotionallybecauseoftheirwork.(Han希望她的研究能夠促進(jìn)有關(guān)提供資源的方式的討論，以幫助人們?cè)谝蚬ぷ鞫硇钠v時(shí)過(guò)上幸福健康的生活。)”可知，Han希望她的研究能提供幫助人們過(guò)上幸福健康的生活。故選B項(xiàng)。CAnimal-likerobotsarepopular.Andyet,saysBarbaraMazzolai,anItalianroboticist,thefieldofroboticsisfarlessinterestedinexploringtheothermajorcategoryoflivingthings—plants.Sheputstheunwillingnessdowntoamisconception(誤解)abouttheusefulnessofplantbehavior:thattheyarecapableofneithermotionnorperception(感知).“It’snottrueatall,”shesays.Dr.MazzolaiandherteamrecentlycreatedFiloBot,arobotbasedonclimbingplants.Liketherealthing.FiloBotiscapableofgrowing,attachingtoandwrappingitselfaroundsupports,andadaptingitselftoanenvironmentinresponsetoexternalstimuli.FiloBotimitatesthebehaviorsofaclimbingtreeusingsensorsinitsheadwhichisalsoequippedwithalayerofplasticandaheatingelement.Bysofteningandextruding(擠壓出)theplasticinacircularpatter,itcan3D-printitsownbodyatarateoftwotosevenmillimetersperminute.Dependingonbrightnessanddirection,itchangestheheatthattheplasticisexposedto—lowertemperaturesresultinalighterbodythatincreasesinsizemorequickly,whilehighertemperaturesmakeitthickerandstrongerandgrowmoreslowly.TheresearchersfoundthatthesesimplefunctionalitieswereenoughtoletFiloBotmovethroughacomplexandunseenenvironment,crossgapsandfindthingstoattachto.Thelackofheavyon-boardcomputinghardware,theysay,meansthatitmoveseasilyandrequiresminimalmonitoring,whileitsslowpacemeansthatitdoesn’tdisturbthingsaroundit.Theysupposethatthismakesitsuitableforpotentialapplicationsincludingenvironmentalmonitoringinhard-to-reachlocations,ormonitoringdisastersiteswhereexistingfacilitiesisunstable.Dr.Mazzolaihopesthatsuchprojectswillmotivateotherroboticiststodrawinspirationfromplants.Theplantkingdomisaworld,shesays,withacompletelydifferentapproachtotheanimalone.“Andwecandevelopnewtechnologiesandartificialsolutions,becauseitissodifferent.”8.Whatleadstolimitedexplorationofplant-likerobots?A.Theslowgrowthrateofplants.B.Thelackofplantresearchcapability.C.Themisunderstandingofplantbehavior.D.Thedifficultyofapplyingplant-likerobots.9.HowdoesFiloBotgrow?A.Bypressingamotionsensor. B.Byexposingitselftosunlight.C.Bypushingoutsoftenedplastic. D.Bycontrollingoutsidetemperature.10.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Topointoutthevalueofrobotics. B.Topresentanewlyinventedrobot.C.Tocallformoreresearchintorobots. D.Tocorrectamisconceptionaboutplants.【答案】8.C9.C10.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要講述了人們對(duì)于植物的誤解，認(rèn)為植物不能移動(dòng)，不能感知外界，所以人們對(duì)于植物類機(jī)器人開(kāi)發(fā)得很少。然而，意大利機(jī)器人學(xué)家芭芭拉·馬佐萊認(rèn)為植物可以感知外界，并以此為思路發(fā)明了機(jī)器人FiloBot，它可以在復(fù)雜的環(huán)境中移動(dòng)，并監(jiān)測(cè)周圍環(huán)境，它的慢節(jié)奏移動(dòng)也意味著它不會(huì)打擾周圍的事物。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Andyet,saysBarbaraMazzolai,anItalianroboticist,thefieldofroboticsisfarlessinterestedinexploringtheothermajorcategoryoflivingthings—plants.Sheputstheunwillingnessdowntoamisconception(誤解)abouttheusefulnessofplantbehavior:thattheyarecapableofneithermotionnorperception(感知).(然而，意大利機(jī)器人專家芭芭拉·馬佐萊說(shuō)，機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域?qū)μ剿魃锏牧硪粋€(gè)主要類別——植物——的興趣要小得多。她把這種不情愿歸結(jié)為對(duì)植物行為有用性的誤解：它們既不能運(yùn)動(dòng)也不能感知。)”可知，是因?yàn)閷?duì)植物行為的誤解導(dǎo)致了人們不愿意去開(kāi)發(fā)植物機(jī)器人。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“FiloBotimitatesthebehaviorsofaclimbingtreeusingsensorsinitsheadwhichisalsoequippedwithalayerofplasticandaheatingelement.Bysofteningandextruding(擠壓出)theplasticinacircularpatter,itcan3D-printitsownbodyatarateoftwotosevenmillimetersperminute.(FiloBot通過(guò)頭部的傳感器模仿爬樹(shù)的行為，該傳感器還配備了一層塑料和加熱元件。通過(guò)將塑料軟化并擠壓成圓形，它可以以每分鐘2到7毫米的速度3D打印自己的身體。)”可知，F(xiàn)iloBot通過(guò)塑料軟化并擠壓成為圓形，促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)。故選C。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dr.MazzolaiandherteamrecentlycreatedFiloBot,arobotbasedonclimbingplants.Liketherealthing.FiloBotiscapableofgrowing,attachingtoandwrappingitselfaroundsupports,andadaptingitselftoanenvironmentinresponsetoexternalstimuli.(馬佐萊博士和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)最近創(chuàng)造了一種基于攀緣植物的機(jī)器人FiloBot。就像真的一樣。FiloBot能夠生長(zhǎng)，附著在支撐物上，并將自己包裹在支撐物周圍，并根據(jù)外部刺激使自己適應(yīng)環(huán)境。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹一項(xiàng)新發(fā)明的機(jī)器人。故選B。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)句排序（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）11.將下列語(yǔ)句（A、B、C、D和E）按題號(hào)排序，構(gòu)成一個(gè)符合邏輯的完整語(yǔ)篇。A.Thesesongsreflectedthemesfromthepeople’sdailylives,suchashuntinganimalsorplantingcrops.B.Asthesestorieswereoftenquitelong,theyoftenhadrhymeandrhythm(韻律)tohelppeoplerememberthemmoreeasily.C.Sincenothingwaswrittendown,overtheyearsdifferentversionsofthesesongsdeveloped,andeachareawouldhaveitsownrespectiverhythm.Inadditiontothis,peoplewouldrecitestoriesofpastheroes.D.Poetryprobablyhaditsoriginsintraditionalfolkmusictensofthousandsofyearsago.InthateratherewerenoTVsorfilms,andwritinghadnotbeeninvented,sopeoplewouldsitaroundthefireatnightandsingsongstoentertainthemselves.E.Inthebeginning,suchsongsandstorieshadaverysimpleformat,andovertimetheybecamemorecomplicatedandpolished.Thesewerenolongertheworksofamateurssittingaroundafirebutworksofpoetswhocaredabouttheirartandwhosometimesmadealivingfromit.________→________→________→________→________【答案】①.D②.A③.C④.B⑤.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章簡(jiǎn)述了詩(shī)歌的起源與演變：源于民間音樂(lè)，反映日常生活，因無(wú)書(shū)寫(xiě)記錄而版本多樣，并發(fā)展出獨(dú)特韻律。隨時(shí)間推移，詩(shī)歌從簡(jiǎn)單變得復(fù)雜，成為專業(yè)詩(shī)人的藝術(shù)作品?！驹斀狻俊敬痤}空1】首段應(yīng)引入話題，D項(xiàng)提到了“Poetryprobablyhaditsoriginsintraditionalfolkmusictensofthousandsofyearsago.”說(shuō)明了詩(shī)歌的起源，引入了詩(shī)歌這一主題。故選D項(xiàng)?！敬痤}空2】A項(xiàng)“Thesesongsreflectedthemesfromthepeople’sdailylives,suchashuntinganimalsorplantingcrops.”中的“thesesongs”指上文D項(xiàng)“sopeoplewouldsitaroundthefireatnightandsingsongstoentertainthemselves”中的songs，指的是幾萬(wàn)年前人們圍坐火堆旁唱的歌，這些歌反映了與他們生活相關(guān)的一些主題。因此A項(xiàng)應(yīng)在D項(xiàng)之后。故選A項(xiàng)?！敬痤}空3】根據(jù)上文A項(xiàng)“Thesesongsreflectedthemesfromthepeople’sdailylives,suchashuntinganimalsorplantingcrops.”，接下來(lái)可講述這些歌曲的相關(guān)情況，C項(xiàng)所陳述的歌曲因無(wú)書(shū)面記錄而發(fā)展出各種版本，在不同時(shí)代有不同的旋律，而其中描述的英雄故事也為人們稱頌，講述的便是A項(xiàng)所提歌曲的情況，符合此處語(yǔ)篇發(fā)展。故選C項(xiàng)?！敬痤}空4】聯(lián)系上文，B項(xiàng)提到“Asthesestorieswereoftenquitelong,theyoftenhadrhymeandrhythm(韻律)tohelppeoplerememberthemmoreeasily.”中的“thesestories”即指上文C項(xiàng)“peoplewouldrecitestoriesofpastheroes”中的stories，即人們傳頌的英雄故事常因太長(zhǎng)而被加上節(jié)奏和韻律以方便記憶。故選B項(xiàng)?！敬痤}空5】E項(xiàng)講述這種音樂(lè)形式的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，即這些歌曲一開(kāi)始形式簡(jiǎn)單，后逐漸變得復(fù)雜和完善，也不再是業(yè)余者的愛(ài)好而是謀生的職業(yè)了。E項(xiàng)既承接上文對(duì)原始歌曲形式的描述，又引出下文對(duì)其進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的描述。故選E項(xiàng)。第三節(jié)選句填空（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WorkingOutWhatYouWanttoDoThecareeryouhavedefinesyourlife,andtakingtimetothinkaboutitisanessentialexerciseforyoungpeople.Thebesttimetostartthinkingaboutpossiblecareersiswhileyouarestillatschool.____12____Somepeopleknowwhattheywanttodofromayoungage,butmanyothersjusthaveafewideasbouncingaroundintheirheads.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystogaininsightintoapossiblecareerpathistocompletea“careertest”.Theresultsofthetestwilltellyouaboutyourstrengthsandinterests,andsometestsalsosuggestcareersthatyoumaybesuitedto.____13____Therearedifferentkindsofcareertests.____14____Othersfocusmoreonaskingyoutoratedifferentkindsofworksituations,likeworkingasalibrarianoralawyer.____15____Theiranswersareanalyzedanddividedupbetweensixdifferenttypesofworkpersonalities.Theparticipantisthengivenachartshowingtheirscoreforeachtype.Thetopthreescoresareusedtomakeacodethatindicatestheparticipant’soverallworkpersonality.Thiscodeisthenusedtogeneratealistofcareersuggestions.Inconclusion,careertestsareclearlyaveryusefultool.____16____Thesecrettoagoodcareerisfindingsomethingthatyouarepassionateabout.Sotryafewtestsonlineandstartthinkingaboutyourfuturecareerrightnow!A.This,however,isnotalwayseasy.B.Youshouldmakegooduseofyourschooltime.C.Someaskquestionsaboutyourpersonalinterestsandattitudes.D.Youradvantagesandhobbieswillhelpyoufindarewardingjob.E.However,itisimportanttorememberthattheyareonlymeantforguidance.F.Havingthisinformationwillincreaseyourchancesoffindingajobyoulike.G.Onepopulartestaskstheparticipantstogradetheirpreferencesfordifferentworktasks.【答案】12.A13.F14.C15.G16.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章圍繞“思考并確定自己未來(lái)想要從事的職業(yè)”這一主題展開(kāi)，介紹了思考職業(yè)選擇的重要性、進(jìn)行職業(yè)測(cè)試的方法以及職業(yè)測(cè)試的種類和作用等。【12題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Thebesttimetostartthinkingaboutpossiblecareersiswhileyouarestillatschool.(思考未來(lái)可能從事的職業(yè)的最佳時(shí)間是在你還在上學(xué)的時(shí)候。)”可知，上文提到思考未來(lái)的職業(yè)的時(shí)間最好是在上學(xué)的時(shí)候。選項(xiàng)A“This,however,isnotalwayseasy.(然而，這并不總是那么容易。)”承上啟下，說(shuō)明并不是所有人都能輕易地確定自己的職業(yè)方向，從而引出下文“Somepeopleknowwhattheywanttodofromayoungage,butmanyothersjusthaveafewideasbouncingaroundintheirheads.(有些人從很小的時(shí)候就知道自己想做什么，但很多人只是有一些想法在腦海中徘徊。)”。故選A?！?3題詳解】上文“Theresultsofthetestwilltellyouaboutyourstrengthsandinterests,andsometestsalsosuggestcareersthatyoumaybesuitedto.（測(cè)試的結(jié)果會(huì)告訴你你的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和興趣，有些測(cè)試還會(huì)建議你可能適合從事的職業(yè)。）”強(qiáng)調(diào)了職業(yè)測(cè)試能提供的有用信息。選項(xiàng)F“Havingthisinformationwillincreaseyourchancesoffindingajobyoulike.(擁有這些信息會(huì)增加你找到自己喜歡的工作的機(jī)會(huì))”作為上文的結(jié)論句，強(qiáng)調(diào)了這些信息的重要性。故選F?！?4題詳解】根據(jù)本段開(kāi)頭“Therearedifferentkindsofcareertests.（有不同的職業(yè)測(cè)試類型。）”可知，有很多不同的職業(yè)測(cè)試類型。選項(xiàng)C“Someaskquestionsaboutyourpersonalinterestsandattitudes.(有些測(cè)試會(huì)問(wèn)你的個(gè)人興趣和態(tài)度)”承接上文內(nèi)容，指出一些測(cè)試的特色，為下文介紹其他測(cè)試類型做鋪墊。故選C?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Theiranswersareanalyzedanddividedupbetweensixdifferenttypesofworkpersonalities.（他們的答案被分析并分成六種不同的工作性格類型。）”可推測(cè)，空處指的是某個(gè)測(cè)試內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)G“Onepopulartestaskstheparticipantstogradetheirpreferencesfordifferentworktasks.(一個(gè)流行的測(cè)試要求參與者對(duì)不同工作任務(wù)的喜好進(jìn)行評(píng)分)”正是一個(gè)測(cè)試的內(nèi)容，與下文的測(cè)試答案形成一致。故選G?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Inconclusion,careertestsareclearlyaveryusefultool.(總之，職業(yè)測(cè)試顯然是一個(gè)非常有用的工具。)”可知，上文總結(jié)了職業(yè)測(cè)試作為一種有用工具的重要性。選項(xiàng)E“However,itisimportanttorememberthattheyareonlymeantforguidance.(然而，重要的是要記住它們只是用來(lái)指導(dǎo)的。)”與上文內(nèi)容形成轉(zhuǎn)折，提醒讀者職業(yè)測(cè)試的結(jié)果并不是決定性的，而是作為參考和指導(dǎo)，幫助人們更好地了解自己的職業(yè)傾向和興趣。從而自然引出下文“Thesecrettoagoodcareerisfindingsomethingthatyouarepassionateabout.(找到一份好職業(yè)的秘訣是找到你熱愛(ài)的事情。)”。故選E.第三部分綜合應(yīng)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Istartedstuttering(結(jié)巴)at10whenmyfatherdied.Ilostconfidencewhenspeaking,especiallyinunfamiliarsituations.Scienceseemeda(n)____17____formeasIassumedthatresearchisdonealoneandrequireslittleinteractionwithothers.____18____,Isoonlearnedit’shardlyajobforsomeoneafraidtotalk.Throughoutthecourseofmydoctoralstudies,IpracticedeverytalkIhadto____19____overandoveruntilIwassureIwouldnothavetothinkaboutthecontentswhenpresenting.Duringgroupmeetings,wheremyfamiliarworkmatesalreadyknewaboutmy____20____,Ilearnedtospeakup.Butina____21____audience,suchasadepartmentalseminar(研討會(huì)),Ikeptquiet.IfIhadquestionduringatalk,Iwouldwaittoaskthespeaker____22____orjustkeepittomyself.Thisall____23____whenImovedtoanewinstitutionandwasaskedtostartaseminarseries.AndsuddenlyIwasinvitingpotentialspeakersandplanningtheir____24____.IsoonrealizedIcouldnotjustsitbackand____25____asbefore,butIwasworriedthatmystuttermighttripmeupinfrontofmyfellowworkers.Anyway,Imanagedtopushthat_____26_____asideandaccepttheresponsibility.Thefirstfewtalkswerequite_____27_____.AsIgotmorepracticeweekafterweek,Idiscoveredthe_____28_____wentfarbeyondbeingagoodhost.Istill_____29_____sometimes,andIcarefullychoosemywordsto_____30_____mystutter.ButIknowthatfacingmy_____31_____hashelpedmebecomeabetterresearcher.17.A.daydream B.mystery C.shelter D.adventure18.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Fortunately D.However19.A.deliver B.write C.organize D.host20.A.failure B.career C.habit D.problem21.A.larger B.cleverer C.lessattentive D.moreenthusiastic22.A.constantly B.privately C.eagerly D.politely23.A.happened B.changed C.worked D.failed24.A.visits B.routes C.research D.deadline25.A.laugh B.imagine C.listen D.relax26.A.speech B.relationship C.seminar D.concern27.A.boring B.smooth C.inspiring D.stressful28.A.benefits B.responses C.requirements D.expectations29.A.showoff B.loseheart C.hesitate D.wonder30.A.cure B.hide C.describe D.understand31.A.words B.fears C.job D.choice【答案】17.C18.D19.A20.D21.A22.B23.B24.A25.C26.D27.D28.A29.C30.B31.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者患有口吃，為了逃避交流，作者投向了科學(xué)，但后來(lái)作者意識(shí)到研究也需要說(shuō)話，經(jīng)過(guò)不斷的練習(xí)講話以及作者思想的轉(zhuǎn)變，作者逐漸克服了口吃的問(wèn)題，直面恐懼讓作者成了一名更好的研究者?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：科學(xué)似乎是我的避難所，因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為研究是獨(dú)自完成的，幾乎不需要與他人互動(dòng)。A.daydream白日夢(mèng)；B.mystery秘密；C.shelter避難處；D.adventure冒險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)“asIassumedthatresearchisdonealoneandrequireslittleinteractionwithothers”可知，作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)研究是獨(dú)自完成的，很少需要與他人交流，因此科學(xué)對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)避難所，讓他可以避免與人交流。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我很快就明白了它對(duì)于害怕交談的人來(lái)說(shuō)并不是一項(xiàng)容易的工作。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover而且；C.Fortunately幸運(yùn)地；D.However然而。前文“Scienceseemeda(n)____1____formeasIassumedthatresearchisdonealoneandrequireslittleinteractionwithothers.”和“Isoonlearnedit’shardlyajobforsomeoneafraidtotalk”之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，作者意為科學(xué)是一個(gè)很少需要與人交流的地方，但作者發(fā)現(xiàn)這項(xiàng)工作對(duì)于害怕交流的人來(lái)說(shuō)并不容易。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在我攻讀博士的整個(gè)過(guò)程中，我一遍又一遍地練習(xí)我必須發(fā)表的每一篇演講，直到我確信在演講時(shí)不必考慮內(nèi)容。A.deliver發(fā)表；B.write寫(xiě)；C.organize安排；D.host主持。根據(jù)“Throughoutthecourseofmydoctoralstudies,Ipracticedeverytalk”可知，Ihadto___3___是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞everytalk，這里表示發(fā)表演講，應(yīng)用deliver。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在小組會(huì)議上，我熟悉的同事已經(jīng)知道了我的問(wèn)題，我學(xué)會(huì)了大聲說(shuō)話。A.failure失??；B.career事業(yè)；C.habit習(xí)慣；D.problem問(wèn)題。根據(jù)“myfamiliarworkmates”可知，熟悉作者的同事知道作者有口吃問(wèn)題。故選D。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但在更大的聽(tīng)眾中，比如在部門(mén)研討會(huì)上，我保持沉默。A.larger更大的；B.cleverer更聰明的；C.lessattentive更不注意力集中的；D.moreenthusiastic更熱情的。根據(jù)“suchasadepartmentalseminar(研討會(huì))”可知，這里與“groupmeetings”相對(duì)，表示在更大的聽(tīng)眾之中。故選A。【22題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我在演講中有問(wèn)題，我會(huì)等著私下問(wèn)演講者，或者自己回答。A.constantly始終，重復(fù)不斷地；B.privately私下地；C.eagerly熱切地；D.politely禮貌地。根據(jù)上文中的“Butina____5____audience,suchasadepartmentalseminar(研討會(huì)),Ikeptquiet.”可知，當(dāng)有更大的聽(tīng)眾時(shí)，作者會(huì)保持沉默，如果有問(wèn)題，作者會(huì)等著私下問(wèn)演講者。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我搬到一個(gè)新的機(jī)構(gòu)，并被要求開(kāi)始一個(gè)系列的研討會(huì)時(shí)，一切都改變了。A.happened發(fā)生了；B.changed改變；C.worked工作；D.failed失敗。根據(jù)下文中的“IsoonrealizedIcouldnotjustsitbackand____9____asbefore”可知，作者意識(shí)到自己不能像以前那樣坐著不管了，所以事情發(fā)生了改變。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：突然間，我要邀請(qǐng)潛在的演講者，并計(jì)劃他們的訪問(wèn)。A.visits訪問(wèn)；B.routes路線；C.research研究；D.deadline截止日期。根據(jù)“invitingpotentialspeakers”可知，作者要邀請(qǐng)潛在的演講者前來(lái)演講，即安排他們來(lái)訪。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我很快意識(shí)到我不能像以前那樣坐著聽(tīng)，但我擔(dān)心我的口吃可能會(huì)讓我在同事面前出錯(cuò)。A.laugh笑；B.imagine想象；C.listen聽(tīng)；D.relax放松。根據(jù)上文中的“Butina____5____audience,suchasadepartmentalseminar(研討會(huì)),Ikeptquiet.”可知，作者以前會(huì)在研討會(huì)上保持沉默，即聽(tīng)別人講。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不管怎樣，我設(shè)法把這種擔(dān)憂拋在一邊，接受了責(zé)任。A.speech演說(shuō)；B.relationship關(guān)系；C.seminar研討會(huì)；D.concern擔(dān)心。根據(jù)上文中的“Iwasworriedthatmystuttermighttripmeupinfrontofmyfellowworkers”可知，對(duì)于這個(gè)任務(wù)，作者有一些擔(dān)心。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最初的幾次演講壓力很大。A.boring令人厭倦（或厭煩）的；B.smooth平滑的；C.inspiring鼓舞人心的；D.stressful壓力大的。根據(jù)下文中的“AsIgotmorepracticeweekafterweek,Idiscoveredthe____12____wentfarbeyondbeingagoodhost.”可知，一開(kāi)始的幾次演講讓作者很有壓力，但隨著練習(xí)的增多，情況逐漸好轉(zhuǎn)。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著我一周又一周地進(jìn)行更多的練習(xí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這些好處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止是成為一名好主持人。A.benefits好處；B.responses反應(yīng)；C.requirements要求；D.expectations期望。根據(jù)空后的“wentfarbeyondbeingagoodhost”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)這些演講帶來(lái)的好處很多，不僅僅是幫助作者成為一名優(yōu)秀的主持人。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：有時(shí)我還是會(huì)猶豫，我會(huì)謹(jǐn)慎地選擇措辭來(lái)掩飾我的口吃。A.showoff炫耀；B.loseheart喪失信心；C.hesitate猶豫；D.wonder想知道。根據(jù)“Icarefullychoosemywordsto____14____mystutter”可知，作者依然有口吃問(wèn)題，但他會(huì)謹(jǐn)慎地選擇措辭來(lái)掩飾這個(gè)問(wèn)題，由此可知，作者在說(shuō)話口吃時(shí)會(huì)有猶豫的情況。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.cure治愈；B.hide掩蓋；C.describe描述；D.understand理解。根據(jù)空前的“carefullychoosemywords”可知，作者謹(jǐn)慎地選擇一些措辭來(lái)掩飾自己的口吃問(wèn)題。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我知道，面對(duì)恐懼幫助我成了一名更好的研究者。A.words話語(yǔ)；B.fears恐懼；C.job工作；D.choice選擇。根據(jù)空前的“facingmy”以及上文作者逃避交流并與口吃問(wèn)題抗?fàn)幙芍?，這里指面對(duì)恐懼。故選B。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。XuYuanchong,aprofessoratPekingUniversity,wasfamousforhiscountlesstranslationworksofancientChinesepoetry.HemadegreatcontributionstointroducingforeignliteraturetoChina____32____ancientChinesepoetrytotheworld.____33____(know)as“theonlymasterinChina____34____cantranslateclassicalChinesepoetry,”Xutranslatedover120publicationsinChinese,English,andFrench.Heintroducedtotheworldcountlessancient____35____(poem)oftheTangDynastyandSongDynasty.HewontheAuroraBorealisPrizeforOutstandingTranslationofLiteraturein2014attheageof93,____36____(make)himthefirstpersoninAsiatowintheprize.Xutriedhishandattranslationincollege,whenhe____37____(quote)“ofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople”fromAbrahamLincoln____38____(explain)SunYat-sen’sThreePrinciplesofthePeopletoforeigners.Xu____39____(recognize)asoneofthe“fivetalents”attheNationalSouthwestAssociatedUniversity(1937-45)—aschoolwhosehistoryandgraduateshaveplayeda____40____(center)roleinmodernChina.Atanageof100,XustillstayedinasmallroomtodoShakespearetranslationsalmosteveryday.Itwasmorelike_____41_____pleasureinsteadofworktodescribetranslationforhim.【答案】32.and33.Known34.that##who35.poems36.making37.quoted38.toexplain39.wasrecognized40.central41.a【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了因其無(wú)數(shù)的中國(guó)古詩(shī)翻譯作品而聞名的北京大學(xué)教授許淵沖?！?2題詳解】考查連詞。句意：他為把外國(guó)文學(xué)介紹給中國(guó)，并把中國(guó)古代詩(shī)歌介紹給世界做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。前后文之間是并列關(guān)系，用連詞and連接，表示“把外國(guó)文學(xué)介紹給中國(guó)，并且把中國(guó)古代詩(shī)歌介紹給世界”。故填and?！?3題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：被譽(yù)為“中國(guó)唯一能翻譯中國(guó)古典詩(shī)詞的大師”，他翻譯了120多篇中、英、法出版物。此處為非謂語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞know和主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用其過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。句首字母大寫(xiě)，故填Known。【34題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：同上。此處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為theonlymaster，指代人，用關(guān)系代詞that或who引導(dǎo)，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。故填that/who。【35題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：他向世人介紹了無(wú)數(shù)唐宋古詩(shī)。根據(jù)前文countless可知，可數(shù)名詞poem應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，作賓語(yǔ)。故填poems?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：2014年，93歲高齡的他獲得了北極光杰出翻譯文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，成為亞洲第一位獲得該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的人。此處為非謂語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞make和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用其現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示結(jié)果。故填making?！?7題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：大學(xué)時(shí)，他曾嘗試過(guò)翻譯，在向外國(guó)人解釋孫中山的三民主義時(shí)，他引用林肯的“民有、民治、民享”。根據(jù)前后文可知，此處描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。故填quoted?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：同上。quotesthtodosth“引用某事去做某事”，此處用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填toexplain?！?9題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：許被認(rèn)為是西南聯(lián)合大學(xué)(1937-1945)的“五大人才”之一，這所學(xué)校的歷史和畢業(yè)生在現(xiàn)代中國(guó)發(fā)揮了核心作用。動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)句意可知，此處描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主謂一致，故填wasrecognized?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：同上。修飾名詞role應(yīng)用形容詞。故填central。【41題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：給他描述翻譯更像是一種樂(lè)趣而不是工作。pleasure“快樂(lè)的事”是可數(shù)名詞，此處為泛指概念，用不定冠詞限定。且為輔音音素開(kāi)頭，用不定冠詞a，故填a。第四部分詞匯基礎(chǔ)（共20分）第一節(jié)詞義匹配（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中